3. Luddites
Opposed industrial
development
Took action by
smashing industrial
machinery
Driven to opposition by
moves to cut minimum
wage and to forbid
worker’s organizations
(unions)
4. The Chartists
A group centred around the working-class calling for
political and social reform
Universal suffrage for all men over 21 (deemed essential)
Equal-sized electoral districts
Voting by secret ballot
An end to the need for property qualifications for Parliament
Pay for Members of Parliament
Annual elections
Initially violently opposed, many of their policies later
became mainstream
5. Socialism
Resources should be controlled by the
public, not by private businesses and
investors.
Co-operation is favoured over competition.
In 19th-century society, great wealth existed,
but fair and equal distribution of this wealth
did not.
Thus, socialists rejected the lack of equality
and humanitarianism under classical
liberalism.
6. Utopian Socialists
Wanted to modify the Robert Owen and
existing system New Lanark
Humanitarians
advocated an end to
the appalling conditions
of the average worker
idealist rather than
pragmatic
7. All socialists believed (more or less)
Private ownership of the means of
production permits exploitation
The state should direct the economy to
achieve economic equality for all citizens
Society should be classless
8. Marxists
Marxism is also called
scientific socialism or
communism
Ideas were based primarily on
the theory that history is the
story of evolving class warfare
The only way to overthrow
capitalism was by means of a
class struggle (revolution)
between the proletariat
(workers) and bourgeoisie
(owners).
9. Socialists? Marxists?
Socialism and Marxism ,while sharing common
views, differed greatly in the ways that their goal
of transforming liberal capitalist society should
be achieved…one was peacefully (socialist) the
other was violently (Marxist/Communist)
As a result, Marxist thought was not as widely
accepted in classical liberal society
Socialism, which favoured reform, was more
popular
