This document discusses several theorists' perspectives on secularization and the development of modernity. Weber and Marx viewed ideas and economic struggles as generating modernity. Gauchet and Taylor analyzed how secularization developed endogenously from Christianity. Lough examined how the emergence of isolated value in the 14th century and its retreat into the sublime related to the rise of capitalism and increasing deaths for the state. Asad and Masuzawa questioned whether secularism and concepts of belief were universal. The document raises questions about the interrelationships between capitalism, theology, politics, and changing conceptions of religion and belief over time in generating modern forms of religiosity.
19. “ Value suddenly presents itself as a self-moving substance which passes through a process of its own, and for which commodities and money are mere forms” Marx Capital
