1. ENERGY
BY: GONZALO JIMÉNEZ E ISABEL GÓMEZ

2. INDEX:
-ENERGY DEFINITION
-TYPES OF ENERGY
-ENERGY SOURCES
-RENEWABLE SOURCES
-NON-RENEWABLE SOURCES
-TYPES OF POWER STATIONS

3. ENERGY DEFINITION
IT IS THE CAPACITY OF A BODY FOR DOING A WORK.

4. TYPES OF ENERGY:
MECHANICAL ENERGY
ELECTRICAL ENERGY
ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY
SOUND ENERGY
CHEMICAL ENERGY
NUCLEAR ENERGY
THERMAL OR CALORIFIC ENERGY

5. MECHANICAL ENERGY:
THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF MECHANICAL ENERGY:
-KINETIC ENERGY IS ENERGY THAT OBJECTS HAVE WHEN THEY ARE IN
MOTION.
-POTENTIAL ENERGY IS THE ENERGY THAT OBJECTS HAVE WHEN THEY
ARE MOVING.
FOR EXAMPLE: A WINDUP CLOCK.

6. ELECTRICAL ENERGY:
-THE ENERGY ASSOCIATED WITH AN ELECTRIC CURRENT.
FOR EXAMPLE: A LAMP.

7. ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY:
-TRANSPORTED BY ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES.
FOR EXAMPLE: THE RADIO.

8. SOUND ENERGY:
-ASSOCIATED WITH SOUND WAVES THAT ARE TRANSMITED THROUGH
VIBRATIONS.
FOR EXAMPLE: THE TELEVISION.

9. CHEMICAL ENERGY:
-IT IS STORED IN SUBSTANCES.
FOR EXAMPLE: A CAR.

10. NUCLEAR ENERGY:
-CONTAINED IN THE NUCLEI OF ATOMS.
FOR EXAMPLE:THE ALUMBRATION OF A CITY.

11. THERMAL OR CALORIFIC ENERGY:
-COMES FROM THE VIBRATIONS OF PARTICLES IN MATTER.
FOR EXAMPLE: A RADIATOR.

12. ENERGY SOURCES
ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IS THE EFFORT TO PROVIDE SUFFICIENT
PRIMARY ENERGY SOURCES AND SECONDARY ENERGY FORMS FOR
SUPPLY, COST, IMPACT ON AIR POLLUTION AND WATER POLLUTION,
MITIGATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY.

13. RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
RENEWABLE ENERGY COME FROM UNLIMITED NATURAL RESOURCES.
THE TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY ARE: HYDRAULCC ENERGY, SOLAR
ENERGY, WIND ENERGY, MARINE ENERGY, GEOTHERMAL ENERGY,
BIOMASS ENERGY AND ENERGY THAT COMES FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID
WASTE.

14. HYDRAULIC ENERGY:
THIS IS IS THE MECHANICAL ENERGY PRODUCED BY THE MOVEMENT OF
WATER.
WE BUILD DAMS TO STORE RIVER WATER.
MOST HYDRAULIC ENERGY IS USED TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY.
IT HAS ADVANTAGES LIKE: IT'S CHEAP AND CLEAN, AND IT'S NON-POLLUTING.
ALSO IT HAS DISADVANTAGES: IT IS VERY EXPENSIVE, AND IT CAN DAMAGE
FLORA AND FAUNA, AND PRODUCE A CATASTROPHE IF A DAM BREAKS.

15. SOLAR ENERGY:
PRODUCTION AND TRANSFORMATION
-SOLAR ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY THE THERMONUCLEAR RADIATION FROM
INSIDE THE SUN. IT CAN BE USED IN VARIOUS WAYS:
-TO PRODUCE HOT WATER.
-TO GENERATE ELECTRICAL ENERGY USING SOLAR PANELS.
-TO PRODUCE ELECTRICAL ENERGY IN HELIOSTAT FIELDS.
ADVANTAGES
-IT'S CLEAN.
-BIG POWER STATIONS ARE NOT NEEDED.
-IT UNLIMITED.
DISADVANTAGES
-IT A VARIABLE SOURCE OF ENERGY.
-SOLAR PANELS ARE STILL QUITE EXPENSIVE FOR GENERAL USE.

16. WIND ENERGY:
PRODUCTION AND TRANSFORMATION
-WIND ENERGY IS PRODUCED BY THE AFFECT OF VARIATION ON THE
ATMOSPHERE.
ADVANTAGES
-IT IS UNLIMITED AND NOT POLLUTING.
-THE COST OF BUILDINGS AND MAINTAINING AND WIND FORM IS LOW.
DISADVANTAGES
-IT IS A VARIABLE SOURCE OF ENERGY.
-WIND TURBINES ARE HAZARD FOR BIRDS.
-WIND TURBINES PRODUCE NOISE POLLUTION.

17. OTHER RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
MARINE ENERGY:
-TIDAL ENERGY CAN BE EXTRACTED FROM THE TIDES.
-WAVE ENERGY IS OBTAINED FROM THE MOVEMENT OF SEA WATER.
-OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY IS PRODUCED FROM THE DIFFERENT IN
TEMPERATURE BETWEEN THE SURFACE OF THE SEA AND THE DEEP SEA.
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY:
-THIS ENERGY COMES FROM THE HEAT STORED IN THE EARTH'S CRUST.
BIOMASS:
-THIS IS PRODUCED FROM PLANT REMAINS, FOREST AND AGRICULTURAL
WASTE, HIGH-NERGY PLANTS.
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW):
-THIS IS GENERATED IN CITIES.

18. NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY
NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES COME FROM NATURAL RESOURCES
THAT ARE UNLIMITED.
THE MAIN RESOURCES OF ENERGY ARE:
NUCLEAR ENERGY, COAL, PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS.

19. NUCLEAR ENERGY
NUCLEAR ENERGY IS STORED IN NUCLEI OF ATOMS THIS IS RELEASED IN
THE NUCLEAR REACTION THAT OCCURS IN CERTAIN ATOMS.
THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF NUCLEAR ENERGY:
-NUCLEAR FISSION. THIS IS WHEN THE NUCLEUS IS SPLIT BY
BOMBARDING.
-NUCLEAR FUSION.THIS IS WHEN TWO NUCLEIJOIN TO FORM ANOTHER.

20. COAL
THE REMAIN OF PLANTS THAT WERE BURIED AND TRANSFORMED IN THE
ABSENCE OF OXYGEN.
THERE ARE TWO METHODS FOR EXTRACTING COAL:
-OPEN-CAST MINES. WHEN THE COAL IS CLOSED TO THE SURFACE.
-UNDERGROUND MINES. WHEN THE MINERAL IS BURIED DEEP BELOW THE
SURFACE.

21. PETROLEUM
PETROLEUM IS FORMED FROM THE BURIED REMAINS OF PLANTS AND
ANIMALS THAT HAVE DECOMPOSED BECAUSE OF BACTERIAL ACTION. IT
IS A LIQUID SUBSTANCE.
WE CAN USE TO THINGS FOR TRANSPORTING:
-OIL TANKERS. IT IS A SPECIALISED SHIP DESIGNED FOR
INTERCONTINENTAL TRANSPORT.
-OIL PIPELINES.IT IS A ENORMOUS STEEL PIPE.

22. NATURAL GAS
NATURAL GASES IS A MIXTURE OF GASES FORMED FROM DECOMPOSED
PLANTS AND ANIMAL. IT IS FOUND IN UNDERGROUND GAS FIELDS AND IN
POROUS ROCKS.
IT IS VERY EXPENSIVE TO EXTRACT.
NATURAL GAS IS TRANSPORTED FROM GAS FIELDS BY GAS PIPELINES TO A
LIQUEFACTION PLANT.

23. HYDRAULIC POWER STATIONS
DAMS BUILT TO PRODUCE HYDROELECTRICITY IMPOUND A RESERVOIR OF
WATER AND RELEASE IT THROUGH ONE OR MORE WATER TURBINES,
CONNECTED TO GENERATORS, AND GENERATE ELECTRICITY, FROM THE
ENERGY PROVIDED BY DIFFERENCE IN WATER LEVEL UPSTREAM AND
DOWNSTREAM.

24. SOLAR POWER STATIONS
SOLAR ENERGY CAN BE TURNED INTO ELECTRICITY EITHER DIRECTLY IN
SOLAR CELLS, OR IN A CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER PLANT BY FOCUSING
THE LIGHT TO RUN A HEAT ENGINE.A SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANT
CONVERTS SUNLIGHT INTO DIRECT CURRENT ELECTRICITY USING THE
PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT.

25. THERMAL POWER STATIONS
IN THERMAL POWER STATIONS, MECHANICAL POWER IS PRODUCED BY A HEAT
ENGINE THAT TRANSFORMS THERMAL ENERGY, OFTEN FROM COMBUSTION OF
A FUEL, INTO ROTATIONAL ENERGY. MOST THERMAL POWER STATIONS
PRODUCE STEAM, AND THESE ARE SOMETIMES CALLED STEAM POWER
STATIONS. NOT ALL THERMAL ENERGY CAN BE TRANSFORMED INTO
MECHANICAL POWER, ACCORDING TO THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS.

26. NUCLEAR POWER STATIONS
A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT IS A THERMAL POWER STATION IN WHICH THE
HEAT SOURCE IS ONE OR MORE NUCLEAR REACTORS. AS IN A
CONVENTIONAL THERMAL POWER STATION THE HEAT IS USED TO GENERATE
STEAM WHICH DRIVES A STEAM TURBINE CONNECTED TO A GENERATOR
WHICH PRODUCES ELECTRICITY. AS OF FEBRUARY 2ND, 2012, THERE WERE
439 NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS IN OPERATION THROUGH THE WORLD.

27. WIND POWER STATIONS
WIND TURBINES CAN BE USED TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY IN AREAS WITH
STRONG, STEADY WINDS, SOMETIMES OFFSHORE. MANY DIFFERENT
DESIGNS HAVE BEEN USED IN THE PAST, BUT ALMOST ALL MODERN
TURBINES BEING PRODUCED TODAY USE A THREE-BLADED, UPWIND DESIGN.
GRID-CONNECTED WIND TURBINES NOW BEING BUILT ARE MUCH LARGER
THAN THE UNITS INSTALLED DURING THE 1970S, AND SO PRODUCE POWER
MORE CHEAPLY AND RELIABLY THAN EARLIER MODELS.

28. WIND TURBINE CREATES WATER FROM THIN AIR
THE TURBINE CAN PRODUCE UP TO 1,000 LITERS OF DRINKING WATER EVERY
DAY, ACCORDING TO EOLE WATER. FRENCH COMPANY, EOLE WATER, HAS
INVENTED A WIND TURBINE THAT CAN GENERATE WATER FROM HUMID AIR. THE
TECHNOLOGY OFFERS A CLEAN AND SUSTAINABLE WAY TO PROVIDE WATER TO
RURAL COMMUNITIES, SAYS EOLE WATER DIRECTOR OF MARKETING, THIBAULT
JANIN. A VIEW INSIDE THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF THE EOLE WATER
TURBINE. THE 24-METER TALL STRUCTURE ALSO FILTERS AND PURIFIES THE
WATER IT PRODUCES ENSURING IT IS SUITABLE TO DRINK STRAIGHT AWAY.