The document provides background information on the rise of fascism in Italy and Germany in the early 20th century. It discusses how weak democratic governments, economic struggles, and social unrest after World War 1 created an opening for authoritarian leaders like Mussolini and Hitler. Mussolini rose to power in Italy in 1922 by organizing veterans and protesters. Hitler capitalized on discontent in Germany after its defeat in WWI and the economic turmoil of the Great Depression. He gained followers with his nationalist message and was appointed chancellor in 1933, after which he swiftly dismantled Germany's democracy to establish a Nazi dictatorship.

1. DRAW A LINE SEPARATING TODAY & YESTERDAY 1) Write: Date: 01/26/11 , Topic: Italy+Germany-Facism 2) Next line, write “ Opener #13 ” and then: 1) Write 1 high + 1 low in last 24 hours 2) Rate your understanding of yesterday: lost < 1-5 > too easy (3 is perfect) 3) Respond to the Opener by writing at least 1 sentences about : Your opinions/thoughts OR/AND Questions sparked by the clip OR/AND Summary of the clip OR/AND Announcements: None

2. Agenda 1) How to be a Dictator 2) Rise of the Nazi Party End Goal, you will be able to… 1) How did Hitler come to power? Reminder 1) Find & complete your 4 news pods

3. Notes #12a , Title: “ Italian Aggression ” 1) Italy (1861) : Relatively new country, united by Victor Emmanuel II 2) WWI Italy : Joined the allies with promise of Austrian land, but didn’t receive it.

4. 1) Weakness of Italian Democratic Monarchy: a) Political Parties Fight : Partisanship weaken gov b) Corruption : Politicians being bought c) Labor Riots : Unemployed troops and inspiration from new USSR (1917) Proportional Gov System: Chart of Italy's current splintered gov

5. 2) Benito Mussolini (1883-1945) : ‘Il Duce’ organized veterans (mad+trained=power) + protestors into Fascist Party (Symbolizing: sticks bundle to make an axe) 4) Fascist Party : Unity + authority a) Black Shirts (Fascisti) : Party security beat up opponents b) Ultranationalism : Promoted extreme Ital. pride 5) Fascism : Belief your ppl better than others + suppresses dissenters (Japan, Italy, Germany)

6. 6) Mussolini Rises to Power (1922) : Supporters march/control Rome and take power (army+rich) a) Fear : Opposition arrested/exiled/killed b) Propaganda : Censor+Use mass media to promote c) Youth Education : Youth train to obey d) Public Works : Builds public works to create jobs e) Military Victory : War promoted nationalism 7) Second Italo-Abyssinian (Ethopian) War (1935) : To revenge 1895 loss (bio-chem. warfare used)

8. 8) Totalitarianism : Gov has total power. Italy (1922), Russia (1917, Stalin-1924), Japan (1927), will model for Germany (1933). Common: Power to control everything, stop dissent COMMUNISM: Community Property/Forced Labor No Social Classes (Radical cultural change and no rich) FASCISM: Private Property/ Capitalism (Directed towards war production) Yes to Social Classes (Tradition and wealthy hierarchy reinforced)

9. STEPS 1) Panel 1 : Title Page Mimicking the Dummies cover . 2) Panel 2-7 : Use notes and the film to pick out 3 methods of controlling people. 1 slide explain the method + 1 slide visual for that method. 3) Panel 8 : Briefly describe who is Stalin + pick out some Stalin quotes (include some visuals on this last panel). Fold the booklet like shown on the board and create a Dummies Guide “ Totally Control Your People ”

10. Review 1) Treaty of Versailles (1919) : Allies meet to decide Germany’s fate ( Germany + Russia NOT invited ). a) Germany accepts full blame for the war b) Germany cedes it’s western land back to France c) France gets access to German coal deposits d) German army reduced to 100k , zero planes/subs e) Germany pay $30 billion ($2 trillion), lose patents f) German and Ottoman colonies given to allies g) East Europe unified under multiethnic countries : Yugoslavia +Czechoslovakia to deter Russian power

11. Notes #13a , Title: “ Rise of the Nazis ” 1) Weimer Republic : Weak post Kaiser/WWI democratic gov a) Blamed for Treaty of Vers. b) Econ Problems: Unemployed + Reparations c) Communism grows w. poor UK/France adopt many Socialist programs to prev com.) 2) Hyper Inflation : Weimer print money , faith lost in Weimer $1USD = 1920 :4DM, 21 : 64DM 22 : 800DM, 23 :4.2 Trillion DM

13. 3) Dawes Plan : Allies owe US > US loans Ger. > Ger. can pay Allies < Allies can pay US

14. 4) Credit Drive Roaring 1920s : a) US profits from WWI b) US banks loan Eur. c) Global consumer demand increase (loans+new products+mass media advertising) d) US biz take out loans to produce more e) Biz profits drive up stocks f) Ppl take out loans to buy more stocks (push stocks higher)

15. 5) Cause Great Depression : a) US wages rose slowly, consumer loans increased, but ppl max out loans+stop buying (1923-1929, wages up 8%, biz profits up 65%) b) US Biz overproduce c) US passes tariffs (taxes) on Eur. goods to make pll buy US goods, so Eur. couldn’t make enough $ to pay back US or buy US goods d) b-c lead to biz can’t sell much, can’t pay loans e) c-d lead to bank closures f) Banks reduce loans to Eur.=global recession (Except USSR, which was unaffected, and GROWS in prestige)

16. 6) Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) : HS dropout, failed artist, decorated WWI veteran (enjoyed WWI)

19. 7) National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi Party) : a) 1919 : Takes over the National Socialist German Workers Party, (Nazi Party) 1919 : 200 1920 : 2000, 1927 : 40,000, 1935 : 2 mil members b) Restore strong gov ( Kaiser like ) + jobs/wages c) Storm Troopers ( SA ) : Nazi party security

21. Journ #13a , “ Party Election Debate ” 1) Read the 2 sides, choose 1 side, and write which you choose and explain why . 2) Then write down what your partner thinks ( include their name at the end ). 1 2 3 4 5 CON: Vote for Traditional Parties 1) Democratic gov needs to be preserved 2) Economy will soon improve, jobs will return 3) War is behind modern civilization PRO: Vote for Nazi Party 1) Strong gov needed to restore German power 2) Strong gov needed to create jobs 3) War is a natural state for humankind

22. Notes #13b , Title: “ Rise of the Nazis ” 8) Beer-Hall Putsch (1923) : (Inspired by Mussolini) w 600 Nazis, tries to take over gov, fails, sent to prison ( gets lite sentence b/c Weimer never got rid of pro-Kaiser judges ) 9) Mein Kampf (My Struggle) : In prison, wrote his ideas a) Ger/Eur. Aryans master race b) WWI was lost b/c of betray of Jews (1% of Ger.) c) Only a strong gov can save Germany d) Ger is destined to expand, its ppl need living space (lebensraum)

23. “ Blood mixture and the result drop in the racial level is the sole cause of the dying out of old cultures; for men do not perish as a result of lost wars, but by the loss of that force of resistance which is continued only in pure blood. All who are not of good race in this world are chaff.” Mein Kampf by Adolf Hitler

24. The workers have awakened.

26. Work and Food

27. Only Hitler

28. Notes #5b , Title: “ Rise of the Nazis ” c) 1/1933: Rich (conservatives) back Hitler to create a majority, making him chancellor ( irony: Nazi’s were starting to lose elections )

29. Journ #13b , “ Hitler Inclusion Debate ” 1) Read the 2 sides, choose 1 side, and write which you choose and explain why . 2) Then write down what your partner thinks ( include their name at the end ). 1 2 3 4 5 CON: Back the Communist 1) Communist want to make things more equal 2) Communist want to help the people 3) Communist want to revolutionize society PRO: Back Hitler 1) Hitler respects capitalism 2) Hitler is power hungry but can be controlled, he’s not that smart 3) Hitler believes in tradition

30. Notes #13c , Title: “ Rise of the Nazis ” d) 2/1933 : Mysterious fire burns down parliament crazy Dutch Communist caught

31. “ If public security and order are seriously disturbed or endangered within the Reich, the President of the Reich may take measures necessary for their restoration, intervening if need be with the assistance of the armed forces. For this purpose he may suspend for a while, in whole or in part, the fundamental rights.” Weimer Constitution Article 48

32. Notes #13a , Title: “ Rise of the Nazis ” e) 3/1933: Ger. constitution allows Hitler to freeze indiv rights: speech/media, privacy, property f) 7/1933 : All other parties banned

33. Journ #13c , “ Enabling Act Debate ” 1) Read the 2 sides, choose 1 side, and write which you choose and explain why . 2) Then write down what your partner thinks ( include their name at the end ). 1 2 3 4 5 CON: Preserve Freedoms 1) The greatness of a country is its laws, not its buildings 2) If rights are given up, terrorists have already won regardless if they are caught PRO: Give Up Freedoms 1) The capitol has been burned down, the gov is weak, strength is needed! 2) Terrorist can be more easily caught without the restriction of the laws

35. Journ #13d , Title “ Video: Early Hitler ” 1) Copy Source Title: Rise of Evil 2…) Discuss questions on the board with a partner. Summarize your discussion ( include their name at the end ). Remember participation points are deducted if off task. 5 Reading/Film Qs Come From These Work Sections 2:23:51

36. Homework: 1) Study today’s notes + work sections for a possible workbook quiz . 2) Pick and listen to your 4 news podcast by next Monday. Workbook Check: If your name is called, drop off your workbook with Mr. Chiang ( if requested, points lost if your workbook is not turned in )