1) The document provides an overview of the Enlightenment period from 1600-1800, when reasoning and logic were widely applied to discover natural solutions to problems. 2) Key philosophers like Locke, Rousseau, and Montesquieu used reason to question governments and argue they should serve the people, not divine rule. 3) The document outlines the scientific revolution and ideas around natural rights, social contracts, and separating government powers into branches. It also discusses salons as places for intellectual discussion.

1. Good Day! DRAW A LINE SEPARATING TODAY & YESTERDAY 1) Write: Date: 09/02/09 , Topic: Enlightenment 2) On the next line, write “ Opener #6 ” and then: 1) Plot your mood, reflect in 1 sent . 2) Respond to the opener by writing at least 2 sentences about : Your opinions/thoughts OR/AND Questions sparked by the clip OR/AND Summary of the clip OR/AND Other things going on in the news. Announcements: None Intro Music: Untitled

3. Work #6a , Title “ Opener Shareout ” Pick 1 thing from your opener to share with your partner. 1) Each of you sign your name in your partner’s workbook under 1) to verified you’ve shared.

4. Agenda 1) What is the Enlightenment? 2) Philosophy Salons Essential Question 1) How did the Enlightenment change EVERYTHING? Reminder 1) Find & complete your 4 news pods

5. Need to Know Dates (for test): 500BC: Athens Direct Democracy 400BC: Roman Representative Democracy (Socrates, Plato, Epicurus) 200BC: Rome Overtakes Greece (Seneca) 400AD: Fall of Roman Empire 400AD-1400AD: Medieval Period 1400-1600AD: Renaissance Era 1600-1800AD: Enlightenment Era

6. Main Purpose: The review of key points in pre-modern history (500BC-1600AD) is to understand how modern government + thinking evolved. a) Greek Direct Demo + Socratic b) Roman Representative Demo. c) Medieval Written Constitution (Magnta Carta + Religious Order)

7. Review 1) Religious Influence : Ppl’s lives hard, but were attracted by promise of an after life. Divine Right : King/Queens claimed authority from God Catholicism: Heavy in France and Italy Church of England (aka Anglican+Episcopalian) Church/clergy powerful b/c land + donations (tithes).

8. Clergy

9. 2) Feudalism: Kings couldn’t protect the ppl, so king would give land to nobles (lords) , lords lend land to serfs (farmers) to work. Serfs pay lords, lords pay king. 3) Serfs : Bound to land, no improving their lives.

10. Serfs

11. 4) English French Wars: Fight over religion + power. Kings needs money from nobles. Nobles demand King to give lords power in exchange. 5) Magna Carta (1215) : King of England oppressed nobles, nobles revolted + forced king to limit his power . First time king’s power limited by written document.

12. “ No freeman shall be taken, imprisoned ,...or in any other way destroyed... except by the lawful judgment of his peers , or by the law of the land. To no one will we sell, to none will we deny or delay, right or justice.” -Magna Carta

13. 6) Model Parliament (1295) : King found easiest way to raise taxes was to get people in one place. House of Lords: Nobles and Clergy (more power) House of Commons: Middle Class 7) Petition of Right (1628) : Parliament forces king to get their permission to raises taxes .

14. King

15. 8) English Civil War(1642) : King tried to close parliament. Nobles fought back under Oliver Cromwell . Nobles won, created a puritan republic. 9) Glorious Revolution (1688): After years of chaos, nobles peacefully reinstated a king in William and Mary, once they promise to sign the English Bill of Rights .

16. Nobility

17. 10) English Bill of Rights (1689) : Repeats some of early docs ( trials and say in taxes ), but added right free speech in parliament, to bear arms , no cruel and unusual punishment , and no Catholic king. US Bill of Rights (1789) copies this.

18. Review King Total Power (Divine Rule) Wars w France Cost $ Nobles Pay for War Nobles Get Power from King

19. Review Manga Carta (1215) Nobles get right to jury in crimes. English Petition of Rights (1628) King must get nobles consent before being taxed. English Bill of Rights (1689) King must protect nobles right to freedom of speech, arms, and from cruel & punishment. England’s monarchs slowly lose power to the nobles. This is ONLY in England, in the rest of Europe, the monarchs were still absolute.

20. Need to Know Dates (for test): 500BC: Athens Direct Democracy 400BC: Roman Representative Democracy (Socrates, Plato, Epicurus) 200BC: Rome Overtakes Greece (Seneca) 400AD: Fall of Roman Empire 400AD-1400AD: Medieval Period 1400-1600AD: Renaissance Era 1600-1800AD: Enlightenment Era

21. Notes #6 , Title: “ Enlightenment ” 1) Ancien Régime : Nobles gain power in UK (spreading to mid. class) , monarchs still strongly in power in Eur (middle class no power). 2) Renaissance (1400-1600) : Rebirth of Greek + Roman ideas spark innovation. 3) Enlightenment (Age of Reasoning, 1600-1800) : Start of Modern Era when reasoning/logic was widely applied all things. To discover natural solutions. FAITH THAT HUMANS THROUGH REASONING CAN MAKE LIFE BETTER.

22. Why in the 1600s? 1) Basic Enlightenment Ideas Always There : The ancient writings of the Greeks were copied by Christian monks and Muslim scholars. Renaissance rekindles Greek and Roman ideas. 2) Centuries of War : Wars over religion (split between Catholic rulers and Protestant Rulers) pushed people to seek non religious answers. 3) Feudalism Unfair : King, church, and nobles enjoy the current power structure, but middle class and poor begin to question.

23. Notes #6 , Title: “ Enlightenment ” 4) Scientific Revolution : Scientist like Galileo, Bacon, Newton first to thoroughly use reason. 5) Political Revolution : Philosophers like Locke, Jefferson, & Paine use reason to question gov. Gov should serve the ppl, not divine rule (US Rev: 1774, FR Rev: 1789)

24. Scientific Method

25. Diderot's Encyclopedia

26. Notes #6 , Title: “ Enlightenment Notes ” 6) Locke (1632) : People born with rights ( natural rights ). Ppl exchange obedience for protection of these rights ( social contract ). 7) Rousseau (1712) : Ppl born free, but old govs oppress people. Ppl better off free. The will of the majority should rule. Ppl should obey the common good (what’s good for the majority).

27. Notes #6 , Title: “ Enlightenment Notes ” 8) Social Contract : You exchange obedience to the gov for protection (K=contract).

28. “ A man…having in the state of nature no arbitrary power over the life liberty or possession of another but …can give up to the commonwealth and by it to the legislative power so that the legislative can have no more than this.” -John Locke

29. “ All men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness . That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men .” -Thomas Jefferson

30. Notes #6 , Title: “ Enlightenment Notes ” 9) Montesquieu (1689) : Power corrupts, so gov should split power in 3 branches : Legislative : Make the law Executive : Put the law in action Judicial : Decide the law

31. Notes #6 , Title: “ Enlightenment Notes ” 10) Voltaire (1694) : Freedom ( esp speech ) above all must be protected so reason can solve our problems.

32. Hobbes (1588): State of nature so bad, even a dictator (monarch) is better.

33. English Civil War 1641–1651

34. Hobbes’ Leviathan (1660) Whatsoever therefore is consequent to a time of war , where every man is enemy to every man , the same consequent to the time wherein men live without other security than what their own strength ... In such condition there is no place for industry , because the fruit thereof is uncertain: and consequently no culture of the earth... worst of all, continual fear , and danger of violent death ; and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short .

35. SALONS (Living Rooms): Back then, gov controlled by monarchies, and universities controlled by churches were scared of new ideas. So wealthy women opened their living rooms ( salons ) to intellectuals. Madame Geoffrin’s Salons:

36. Work #6b , Title “ Philosopher Salon ” a) Leader: Executes the instructions, maintains morale through compliments, maximizes everyone’s contribution, and holds a larger responsibility for the task ( Fills out project sheet, +- 2 EC point ). b) Presenter: Acts as the philosopher. c) Designer: Writes and draws the poster. d) Logistics: Handles materials and clean up. Guides group research and ensures the task done educationally/factually. Task: Read + prepare poster and oral presentation about your philosopher. Work Product: Poster + Oral Presentation (actor + presenter): each round 2 ppl stay at their booth In Your Workbook: 1) Write down your role AND explain how does this project connects with real life 2) A few notes on what your group will present on your phil 3-11) 1 sentence about each philos from the presentations

37. SHELVES FRONT OF CLASS: WHITE BOARD CHIANG’S DESK 1 5 4 6 10 28 37 GROUP SETUP TV 7 37 SIDE WHITE BOARD DOOR 12 9 11 25 2 19 24 20 21 26 33 3 29 34 22 36 27 31 32 30 35 23 18 Projector 17 M T W T F M T W T F M T W T F M T W T F M T W T F M T W T F M T W T F M T W T F M T W T F M T W T F M T W T F M T W T F M T W T F M T W T F M T W T F M T W T F M T W T F M T W T F M T W T F M T W T F M T W T F M T W T F M T W T F M T W T F M T W T F M T W T F M T W T F M T W T F M T W T F M T W T F M T W T F M T W T F M T W T F FILE CABINETS PARTICIPATION: / = Participation - = Non-Participation ATTENDANCE: Circle = Absent Double Circle =Tardy 14 13 15 16 M T W T F M T W T F M T W T F M T W T F 8 M T W T F 1 2 7 8 4 3 5 6 9 BOOK 39 M T W T F

38. Work #6c , Title “ Montaigne on Self Esteem ” 1) Copy Source Title: BBC Philos of Happiness 2…) Discuss questions on the board with a partner. Summarize your discussion ( include their name at the end ). Remember participation points are deducted if off task. 5 Reading/Film Qs Come From These Work Sections

39. Work #6d , Title “ Nietzsche on Hardship ” 1) Copy Source Title: BBC Philos of Happiness 2…) Discuss questions on the board with a partner. Summarize your discussion ( include their name at the end ). Remember participation points are deducted if off task. 5 Reading/Film Qs Come From These Work Sections

40. Notes #6b , Title: “ Philo of Happiness Notes ” 1) Socrates : We should always question ourselves on why we do/think what we do 2) Epicurus : Social interaction = happiness 3) Seneca : Do not place undue high expectations (do be optimist when due) 4) Montaigne : We feel bad when we inaccurately view our own body and other ppl’s abilities ( ppl are flawed ) 5) Nietzsche (1689) : Continued hardship (with eventual success) makes life meaningful

41. Workbook peer check: Have your partner look at your notebook to see if the formatting is correct, get their signature under Work#5a

42. Date: 09/02/09 , Topic: Enlightenment No new opener today, 5 minutes to prepare for your presentations.

43. Homework: 1) Study today’s notes + work sections for a possible workbook quiz . 2) Pick and listen to your 4 news podcast by next Monday. .