Botany Assignment

1. Assignment
Effect of Chilling stress on Genomics of Plants
Submitted to:
DR. RIZWAN RASHEED
Submitted by:
___________
Roll No. _______
MSc 4th Smester (Evening)
Department of Botany
Government College University Faisalabad

2. Contents
1. Introduction
2. Effect of Stress
3. Effect of temperature regions
4. Chilling Sensitivity and contribution of membrane lipids
5. Effect on rice
6. Effect of low temperature on plant growth
7. Role of Bacteria in plant life
8. Future Prospects

3. Effect of Chilling stress on Genomics
of Plants
Introduction:
Genomics is deal with the study of genomes or genes of organisms. It is used for gene
mapping and DNA sequence of the organisms. So, the genomics is said to be the study of
genes of all the cells, tissues at DNA, MRNA and protein levels. Genomics play very
important role in life history of plants or organisms. It has a broader scope in scientific
study. On the basis of stress, plants are divided in three classes, plants who bear high
temperature, low temperature below freezing, low temperature above freezing. These
stress shows that how the internal metabolism change and their bio-activity effect. Due to
these stress plant make them tolerate to the environmental conditions, so they became
more adapted and tolerant. Finally future prospects are determined.
Effect of Stress:
Cold stress severely effect on plant life. Plant growth effect by cold stress. This stress
may effect by cold stress. This stress may effect transcription and post-transcriptional
levels, DNA,MRNA and gene relation. This stresses may lead to degradation of DNA and
RNA.
Low Temperature leads low O2:- Due to low temperature, O2 deficiency occur which
leads to stop the plant metabolism. Low O2 badly effect on plant life. Low O2 effect on
crop yield. O2 stress may change at molecular level, bio-chemical physiological,
genetically and morphological changes. By providing proper amount of O2 , crop yield
may increased.
Effect of temperature regions:
Plant that grow in temperature regions -5oC can survive due to their adoptions. If they do
not adopt this environmental conditions, they do not survive and lead to death and crop
yield may effected. Due to plant them suitable conditions crop varies and crop yield
enhanced.
Chilling Sensitivity and contribution of membrane lipids:
Due to chilling stress, lipid fatty acid breakdown occurs which lead to death of plants and
so crop yield becomes less chilling temperature may effect membrane integrity.

4. Effect of water stress on plants water is a polar and vital solvent. It is the basic need of
plants. It provide medium for all bio-chemical processes. It regulated plant growth and
development due to water limitation plant growth adversely effected because all chemical
process need water for proper functioning. If water stress takes place arid condition
occurs which is harmful for plants. So adequate supply of water is necessary for plant
growth and regulation.
Effect on rice:
Rice is very sensitive to chilling temperature on microspore releasing stage. At this stage
male sterility takes place. The gene expression also effected by chilling treatment. Gene
regulation also stops which effect on crop yield.
Low temperature is the major a-biotic stress on plant yield and their production. It may
effect on phenotype and genotype of the plants. It cause DNA and Protein degradation.
Effect of low temperature on plant growth:
Due to low or chilling temperature, plant metabolism effected. All the bio-chemicals
process effected.
Role of Bacteria in plant life:
Bacteria play a very important role in plant life. They enhanced their growth and
development by fixing nitrogen.
Plant acclimation and low temperature: Due to low temperature plant genes and
their regulation may effected.
Future Prospects:
In future If proper supply of temperature is given to plants then so many advantages takes
place i.e
1. Plant growth will increase
2. Plant metabolism enhance
3. Plants become more tolerant.
4. Crop yield enhance that is positive sign for economy.