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RESTORATIO
    N
CAUS
    ES
Reaction against
 Puritanism:
Oliver Cromwell was a
staunch puritan and
propagated Puritanism. But
he was at the same time
honest and sincere, other
puritans were not so. They
were selfish, greedy and
dishonest. Because of their
mean diplomacy the people
were depressed and
unhappy. They wanted to put
an end to Puritanism were
weak and as soon as
Cromwell died, the path for
monarchy was cleared.
Cromwell's Despotism:
Oliver Cromwell established
despotism with the help of the
army. He taxed people as he
wished and introduced religious
reforms. He also restricted
social and entertaining
practices of the people.
This very much touched
personal life of the masses for
which they were not prepared.
The people were fed up with
this sort of Government and
came to hate the Government
of Cromwell. Thus the
commonwealth lost people's
sympathy. After Oliver's death
his son, Richard was made the
protector and the commander.
He was not a soldier and
therefore failed.
Richard's Rupture with
Parliament:
After Oliver Cromwell's death,
his son became the protector
and Commander. However, the
new Protector, Richard Cromwell
picked up a quarrel with the
army. It proposed to appoint
Fleetwood as their Commander.
Richard turned down this
suggestion with contempt.
This led to a quarrel between
Parliament and army. At this
point the Parliament was
dominated by the Republicans,
who also turned against the
commonwealth. In the end,
Richard dissolved the
Parliament. Thus Parliament
and army both girded up their
loins against the protector. A
Parliament was called by the
army which compelled Richard
to resign in 1659. Richard
Cromwell had proved an utter
failure.
Stages towards Restoration:
Before his death, Oliver
Cromwell had nominated his
son, Richard, as his successor.
But he proved to be a
worthless person. Since he
was not a soldier, army officers
took under advantage of the
situation. They did not obey
him and started behaving in an
arbitrary manner. The result
was corruption and disorder.
The situation was getting from
bad to worse. Therefore, some
high officials revolted against
Richard Cromwell under the
leadership of General Monk. In
1659 a parliament was called.
In this, the members of the
House of Commons
quarreled with the army
officers on the prevailing
system of governance in
the country. After the
dissolution by the protector,
some members of the
Parliament collected
themselves at West
minster, into a ramp and
captured political power.
However, soon it became
clear that the Parliament
would not be able to pull on
for long. General Lambert
dissolved the Parliament
and proposed to set up
military rule.
EFFECT
    S
Inauguration of a limited
monarchy:
Monarchy was established
again in 1660. The Stuarts
were reseated on the English
throne. However, their
powers were restricted. This
naturally gave recognition to
Parliament.
Emergence of a
powerful Parliament:
By the Restoration,
Parliament came to have a
say over the king. In other
words, along with the
monarchy, Parliament was
also restored. The powers
of the Parliament were
extremely limited during
the rule of the
commonwealth and
protectorate. Besides, the
House of Lords was done
away with.
Recognition of old
religion:
The old Anglican Church
was taken by the
Parliament under its
control. Before this, the
control used to be
exercised entirely by the
king. Before the
Parliament had a majority
of the king's supporters,
therefore the conviction
Parliament was dissolved
and the cavalier
Parliament was
constituted.
The restoration of the
Anglican Church was
mother result of this
Restoration.
Changes in social life:
In order to raise the level of
life, Oliver Cromwell had
placed limitation on the
means of entertainment.
However, as soon as
Charles II ascended the
throne all such restrictions
were lifted. People's life
once again became colorful
and romantic. In social
field, the people started
feeling as comfortable as
they did before the civil
war.
However, this had a
degrading influence on
the clergy. Instead of
penance the
clergymen gave
themselves to
gambling, wine and
women. People
became lazy and
immoral. High ideals
were replaced by low
ideals, Thus besides
other monarchical and
Parliamentary
changes, there were
reaching and
sweeping changes in
the social field also.
Restoration of Money and
Property:
During the commonwealth's
rule the properties and
estates of the royalists were
forfeited. Besides, those who
opposed Cromwell in any way
or showed their inclination for
monarchy were given
punishments.
When monarchy was restored
in the country the forfeited
lands and properties were
restored to the owners. Thus
the position of the high class
farmers and landlords were
re-established. People started
feeling more comfortable as
the English people are
conservative by temperament.

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Causes and Consequences of Restoration

  • 2. CAUS ES Reaction against Puritanism: Oliver Cromwell was a staunch puritan and propagated Puritanism. But he was at the same time honest and sincere, other puritans were not so. They were selfish, greedy and dishonest. Because of their mean diplomacy the people were depressed and unhappy. They wanted to put an end to Puritanism were weak and as soon as Cromwell died, the path for monarchy was cleared.
  • 3. Cromwell's Despotism: Oliver Cromwell established despotism with the help of the army. He taxed people as he wished and introduced religious reforms. He also restricted social and entertaining practices of the people. This very much touched personal life of the masses for which they were not prepared. The people were fed up with this sort of Government and came to hate the Government of Cromwell. Thus the commonwealth lost people's sympathy. After Oliver's death his son, Richard was made the protector and the commander. He was not a soldier and therefore failed.
  • 4. Richard's Rupture with Parliament: After Oliver Cromwell's death, his son became the protector and Commander. However, the new Protector, Richard Cromwell picked up a quarrel with the army. It proposed to appoint Fleetwood as their Commander. Richard turned down this suggestion with contempt.
  • 5. This led to a quarrel between Parliament and army. At this point the Parliament was dominated by the Republicans, who also turned against the commonwealth. In the end, Richard dissolved the Parliament. Thus Parliament and army both girded up their loins against the protector. A Parliament was called by the army which compelled Richard to resign in 1659. Richard Cromwell had proved an utter failure.
  • 6. Stages towards Restoration: Before his death, Oliver Cromwell had nominated his son, Richard, as his successor. But he proved to be a worthless person. Since he was not a soldier, army officers took under advantage of the situation. They did not obey him and started behaving in an arbitrary manner. The result was corruption and disorder. The situation was getting from bad to worse. Therefore, some high officials revolted against Richard Cromwell under the leadership of General Monk. In 1659 a parliament was called.
  • 7. In this, the members of the House of Commons quarreled with the army officers on the prevailing system of governance in the country. After the dissolution by the protector, some members of the Parliament collected themselves at West minster, into a ramp and captured political power. However, soon it became clear that the Parliament would not be able to pull on for long. General Lambert dissolved the Parliament and proposed to set up military rule.
  • 8. EFFECT S Inauguration of a limited monarchy: Monarchy was established again in 1660. The Stuarts were reseated on the English throne. However, their powers were restricted. This naturally gave recognition to Parliament.
  • 9. Emergence of a powerful Parliament: By the Restoration, Parliament came to have a say over the king. In other words, along with the monarchy, Parliament was also restored. The powers of the Parliament were extremely limited during the rule of the commonwealth and protectorate. Besides, the House of Lords was done away with.
  • 10. Recognition of old religion: The old Anglican Church was taken by the Parliament under its control. Before this, the control used to be exercised entirely by the king. Before the Parliament had a majority of the king's supporters, therefore the conviction Parliament was dissolved and the cavalier Parliament was constituted. The restoration of the Anglican Church was mother result of this Restoration.
  • 11. Changes in social life: In order to raise the level of life, Oliver Cromwell had placed limitation on the means of entertainment. However, as soon as Charles II ascended the throne all such restrictions were lifted. People's life once again became colorful and romantic. In social field, the people started feeling as comfortable as they did before the civil war.
  • 12. However, this had a degrading influence on the clergy. Instead of penance the clergymen gave themselves to gambling, wine and women. People became lazy and immoral. High ideals were replaced by low ideals, Thus besides other monarchical and Parliamentary changes, there were reaching and sweeping changes in the social field also.
  • 13. Restoration of Money and Property: During the commonwealth's rule the properties and estates of the royalists were forfeited. Besides, those who opposed Cromwell in any way or showed their inclination for monarchy were given punishments. When monarchy was restored in the country the forfeited lands and properties were restored to the owners. Thus the position of the high class farmers and landlords were re-established. People started feeling more comfortable as the English people are conservative by temperament.