The document discusses the impact of new machines during the Industrial Revolution. The machines allowed cloth merchants to boost profits by speeding up production. They needed to be run by waterpower near rivers and were large and expensive, moving textile work from homes to factories. Progress in textiles also spurred other technological inventions. The Bessemer process discovered coal could remove iron from ore to make steel. Workers organized unions and used strikes to eventually gain reforms like limiting child labor and setting safer working conditions.

1. Glimpse of the Outside WorldGlimpse of the Outside World
What types of things do you think this young girl dreams of as she looksWhat types of things do you think this young girl dreams of as she looks
out the factory window?out the factory window?
DO NOW:DO NOW:

2. What was the impact of these new machines?What was the impact of these new machines?
 Cloth merchants could boost profits by speeding up production
 Needed to be run by __________ - Had to be near a river.
 The machines were large and expensive. This took the work of spinning and
weaving out of the house and into the _____________.
 Progress in the textile industry spurred other technological inventions.
 Cloth merchants could boost profits by speeding up production
 Needed to be run by __________ - Had to be near a river.
 The machines were large and expensive. This took the work of spinning and
weaving out of the house and into the _____________.
 Progress in the textile industry spurred other technological inventions.
waterpower
Factory

3. •1765 –________________ – “Steam Engine” - Development of a cheap,
convenient source of power
• _________ was discovered to burn hotter and longer than wood and was
used to create steam that would be compressed in engines in order to move
parts of machinery such as rotors or levers.
James Watt
The Game Changer!
Film Clip: Mills
27:30-28:35
Film Clip: Mills
27:30-28:35
Coal

4. Improvements in TransportationImprovements in Transportation
Road Transportation
John McAdam – Paved Roads – Early 1800s
Equipped roadbeds with a layer of large stones for drainage. On top, he placed a smoothed layer
of crushed rock. Previously, rain and mud often made roads impassable and men were known to
drown in potholes.
Steam Locomotives
George Stephenson – “The
Rocket” - 1829

5. Impact of the RailroadsImpact of the Railroads
 Railroads spurred industrial growth by giving manufacturers a cheap way
to transport material and finished products.
 Railroad boom created hundreds of thousands of new jobs for both
railroad workers and miners.
 Railroads spurred industrial growth by giving manufacturers a cheap way
to transport material and finished products.
 Railroad boom created hundreds of thousands of new jobs for both
railroad workers and miners.

6. Impact of the RailroadsImpact of the Railroads
The railroads boosted England’s agricultural and fishing industries, which
could transport their products to distant cities.
 By making travel easier, railroads encouraged people to take distant city jobs.
The Bessemer Process – Henry Bessemer discovered that coal could be used to
heat mineral ore and remove the iron. The smelting of coal and iron made Steel!
The railroads boosted England’s agricultural and fishing industries, which
could transport their products to distant cities.
 By making travel easier, railroads encouraged people to take distant city jobs.
The Bessemer Process – Henry Bessemer discovered that coal could be used to
heat mineral ore and remove the iron. The smelting of coal and iron made Steel!

7. Henry Bessemer discovered that coal could be used to heat mineral ore and
remove the iron. The smelting of coal and iron made ________.
Henry Bessemer discovered that coal could be used to heat mineral ore and
remove the iron. The smelting of coal and iron made ________.steel

8. Conditions in the in the Coal MinesConditions in the in the Coal Mines
18001800 1 ton of coal 50, 000 miners
18501850 30 tons 200, 000 miners
18801880 300 million tons 500, 000 miners
19141914 250 million tons 1, 200, 000 miners
Carpe Diem ClipCarpe Diem Clip

12. Working
Conditions Were
Harsh:
• There were rigid
schedules with
_______________
________
long 12-14 hour
work days and
few breaks

13. Work was the same day after day, week after week.

14. Conditions in the Cotton MillConditions in the Cotton Mill
18131813 2400 looms 150, 000 workers
18331833 85, 000 looms 200, 000 workers
18501850 224, 000 looms >1 million workers

15. Girl at Weaving Machine in Textile MillGirl at Weaving Machine in Textile Mill

16. • Women and children were _________________
• Wages were low
paid less than men

17. Children At WorkChildren At Work
There were high injury rates. Frequent accidents _____________________(Ex: lost limbs in machines)

19. The FactoryThe Factory
There was no ___________.
Workers were fired for being sick, working too slow, or for no reason at all.
job security

20. Fish CuttersFish Cutters

24. Which would you rather be?Which would you rather be?

25. Girls in Box FactoryGirls in Box Factory

26. Living Conditions for New Working ClassLiving Conditions for New Working Class
Urbanization:
Cities became more common and more populated – some ___________________
Urbanization:
Cities became more common and more populated – some ___________________doubled or tripled in size

27. Living ConditionsLiving Conditions

28. Rear View of aRear View of a
TenementTenement
BuildingBuilding
• People migrated to
cities looking for work,
especially
unemployed farmers
due to the
______________.Enclosure Acts

29. Working classWorking class
neighborhood inneighborhood in
Industrial LondonIndustrial London
• Cities were dirty and dangerous. There was a lack of sanitation laws,
no fire and police departments, no running water.

30. Families inside a tenement buildingFamilies inside a tenement building

31. Life In a Tenement HouseLife In a Tenement House

32. Change in Social Structure
• The Traditional Elite
Aristocratic nobles and __________________ still had wealth and power
• The New Capitalist Upper Class (New Rich or Nouveau Riche)
They were ____________ who used their money to buy and build factories and
run large businesses.
Landowners
entreprenuers

33. The Industrial New Rich, or Nouveau Riche
• The New Middle Class
Professionals, investors, ___________
They were financially stable, educated, and they aspired to become upper class.
merchants

34. The New Working Class
Poor, unskilled,
_________________, no
political power. No longer
peasant farmers
uneducated

35. ComparisonComparison

36. Closure:Closure:
What does this cartoon say about working conditions during the
Industrial Revolution?

37. Analyze the political cartoon below.
What does this cartoon show? Why do you think the author
drew this? What message is he trying to give?

38. The Luddites: 1811-1816
Many unemployed
craftsmen and
weavers began
destroying the
machines that had
taken their jobs.
These attackers
became known as
Luddites,
supposedly
followers of Ned
Ludd, a folklore
figure.
The New Working Class
Poor, unskilled,
_________________,
no political power. No
longer peasant farmers
uneducated

39. 1. Use three words to describe your
emotions as you view each painting
The Wanderer above the Sea of Fog
by Caspar David Friedrich, 1818
The Stone Breakers
by Gustave Courbet,
1849
Do Now:
2. How does each painting reflect
the changing world of the Industrial
Revolution?

40. Art reflects people’s
emotions and concerns of
their time!
_____________ – Artistic
and intellectual movement
that originated in the late
18th century and stressed
strong emotion,
imagination, freedom from
classical correctness in art
forms, and rebellion
against social conventions.
The Wanderer above the Sea of Fog
by Caspar David Friedrich
Romanticism

41. _____________ – Artistic and intellectual movement that originated in the mid 19th
century as a rejection of Romanticism. Subjects are neither historical, religious or
heroic. Usually portray ordinary people doing ordinary things and does not idealize
their struggle for existence.
Realism
The Stone Breakers
by Gustave Courbet, 1849

42. Reactions to Poor ConditionsReactions to Poor Conditions
• Workers began to gather together to express their concerns
• Peterloo Massacre – 1819, worker rally was ended by soldiers who killed 11
people and injured 400.
• This led to a real fear from those in power of the possibility of revolution.
• Workers began to gather together to express their concerns
• Peterloo Massacre – 1819, worker rally was ended by soldiers who killed 11
people and injured 400.
• This led to a real fear from those in power of the possibility of revolution.

43. • Workers formed Labor Unions seeking better wages and working conditions.
• Workers organized and threatened to strike or boycott.
• Eventually, laws were passed that stopped child labor, set shorter working hours,
and safer working conditions were introduced.
• Workers formed Labor Unions seeking better wages and working conditions.
• Workers organized and threatened to strike or boycott.
• Eventually, laws were passed that stopped child labor, set shorter working hours,
and safer working conditions were introduced.
Labor UnionsLabor Unions
Evolutionary
Change
Evolutionary
Change

44. New Government Functions
• Public education for children until
age 12
• Wider welfare measures to
increase workers’ standard of
living (Higher wages, less hours)
• __________________ – Gave
the Parliamentary right to vote to
most middle-class men
• Chartist Movement – 1830-1850
• Reform Act of 1857 – Gave
universal Male suffrage
• Representation of the People
Act 1928 – Women’s suffrage
New Government Functions
• Public education for children until
age 12
• Wider welfare measures to
increase workers’ standard of
living (Higher wages, less hours)
• __________________ – Gave
the Parliamentary right to vote to
most middle-class men
• Chartist Movement – 1830-1850
• Reform Act of 1857 – Gave
universal Male suffrage
• Representation of the People
Act 1928 – Women’s suffrage Chartist Movement
Workers wanted equality and participation
in political system.
Reform Act of 1832

48. The Socialists: Utopians & Marxists
 People as a society would operate and own the
means of production, not individuals.
 Their goal was a society that benefited
everyone, not just a rich, well-connected few.
 Tried to build perfect communities, or Utopias.
 People as a society would operate and own the
means of production, not individuals.
 Their goal was a society that benefited
everyone, not just a rich, well-connected few.
 Tried to build perfect communities, or Utopias.

49. MARXISM – COMMUNISMMARXISM – COMMUNISM