1. Western Europe: Big Picture Themes

2. 600-1450 Western Europe Political 1750-1914
Dark Ages, Feudalism, Enlightenment
decentralization 1450- 1750 Revolutions (France)
Charlemagne – Rise of Nation-State and Secular Constitutional
Carolingian Empire Empire- France, England, governments
Holy Roman Empire Holy Roman Empire
Nationalist Movements
Power of Roman Catholic Reconquista of Spain
(Italy, Germany,
Faith – Pope, Canon law, Religious wars
Austria, Russia)
excommunication, Absolute Monarchs
Sea based Empires,
Great Schism 1054 Louis XIV, Charles V,
Wars (Seven Years,
Islamic Spain, Crusades, Phillip II, Maria Teresa,
Magna Carta, Mongol
Spanish American,
Henry VIII
Threats, Hundred Years’ Boer, Crimean, Opium)
Divine Right Rule
War Bureaucracy, oversea New Imperialism,
Rise of trading cities possessions Berlin Conference
(Venice, Florence) Balance of Power
Limited monarchy in
Renaissance Socialism, communism
England – Civil War 1642
1914-Present
Clash of Democracy, Communism and Fascism - World War I and II –
Decolonization - Cold War – Rise of Super Powers. Liberal movement and
Welfare State to Conservatism - European cooperation (European Union)
Rise of Terrorism,

3. 600-1450 Western Europe Economic 1750-1914
Manorialism, serfdom Proto-Industrialization,
Limited trade – unsafe 1450- 1750 Industrial Revolution
routes, agricultural Mercantilism, agricultural Need for resources and
markets, agricultural
Church had great Exploration – water routes
wealth – Tithe Tax to Asia, Encounter of Factory system,
Americas, Colonialism enclosure movement
After Crusades, trade
Sugar, Silver, Slaves mass production, new
routes develop, - Silk inventions
True Global trade, sea based,
Road, Mediterranean,
Spanish inflation End of slavery – need
Hanseatic League
Columbian Exchange – for low wage workers –
Urbanization, Guilds, urbanization
potato, tobacco, maize led
banks, currency
to population boom Eco Imperialism –
Goods – wool, honey, spheres of influence
Trading companies, laissez-
salt, copper, tin, expanded capitalism
faire capitalism
animals and consumerism
1914-Present
Globalization, New technology, Consumerism, World Bank, need for oil
capitalism vs communism, Great Depression – Welfare state, socialism
Rise of service industries, environmental regulations, immigration of workers,
Economic European Union (Euro)

4. Western Europe Social 1750-1914
1450- 1750
Ethnocentric Ethnocentrism, Racism
600-1450 Population increase, Rise of Population increase- crowded
Feudalism (King, Nobles, merchants, farmers cities – families split due to
High Priests, Knights, End of serfdom factory work, harsh conditions,
crime, alcoholism, health issues
serfs) Renaissance – Greco-Roman art,
architecture Humanism, New Elite Class (entrepreneurs)
Code of Chivalry and New working class
secularism, women – merchants,
Church influenced art, (Proletariat)
midwives, witch hunts
music, illumination, Status based on wealth, not land
gothic architecture Reformation – split in religion or family
(Luther, Calvin) Counter
Women – homemakers, Reformation Women lost work at home due to
weak, subordinate – factories, start to gain suffrage
Scientific Revolution
some could trade and Enlightenment, natural rights, Increase in wages – consumer
join guilds. Convents. lateen sail, printing press, goods, leisure time, theater,
compass, caravel, gunpowder sports,
Increased urbanization,
(guns, cannons) Social Darwinism, White Man’s
universities, Start of
Burden, democracy, feminism,
Renaissance
communism
1914-Present
Population decrease – immigration, Rise of middle class, educated elite
Consumerism, advertising, entertainment, film, sports, common fashions, trends
Status based on wealth, education, and profession
Women’s rights – gain jobs in all professions
Computer age, Information age, Nuclear power, Space travel, Green movement,
Secularism, liberalism vs conservatism

5. Western Europe Conclusions
Political
1. The negative impact of the fall of Rome, decentralization, and warfare that caused
the dark ages, eventually became positive factors that caused the rise and domination
of Europe.
2. Northern European Nations brought ideas of democracy and enlightenment to their
colonies while Iberian Nations brought ideas of Absolutism and Roman Catholicism.
Economic
1. Western success was achieved by the development of a series of technological
devices such as the gun, printing press, steam engine, and nuclear power.
2. Once Europe was able to find a water route to Asia and controlled the
Atlantic and Pacific Ocean trade routes, they dominated the world.
Social
1. Over time in European society, the influence of religion has decreased
while the role and rights of women have increased.
2. The main reason of European Global influence was the Greco-Roman
ideals of humanity and individualism.

6. Southwest Asia: Big Picture Themes

7. Southwest Asia Political 1750-1914
600-1450
Rise of Islam 622 CE Ottoman Empire continues
Mecca, Muhammad, umma 1450- 1750 to decline - becomes
(community) Shariah, Dar al- Ottoman Empire dependent on British and
Islam 1453 – conquest of French (Crimean War)
Constantinople by
Sunni-Shiite Split, caliph Mehmed II, spread of Nationalism – Revolts in
Umayyad Caliphate 661-750 empire to Syria, Egypt, Serbia, Greece – movements
Damascus, Arab, tolerance North Africa in Egypt (Muhammad Ali)
for Jews/Christians “people Sulieman the Magnificent – and Turkey (Young Turks,
of the book” 1520-1566, Golden Age Ataturk)
Abbasid Caliphate 750-1258 focused on warfare and
used Janissaries Industrialization in Egypt to
Baghdad, gave equal status modernize military – cash
to converts, Golden Age, no Failed siege of Vienna crops (cotton) Suez Canal
clear succession, high taxes 1529, Loss at Battle of
Seljuk Turks, Crusades, Lepanto 1571, corruption, Attempted Tanzimat
Mongol IlKhanate, Ottoman taxes, lack of technology reforms, Constitution
Empire 1289-1923 led to long decline Janissaries eliminated
1914-Present
Ottoman Empire falls after WWI, Creation of Mandates, Nation-States, Creation of Israel
Arab-Israeli Wars, Iranian Revolution, Islamic Fundamentalism, Iran-Iraq War, OPEC,
Persian Gulf War, Iraqi War, Afghanistan War, Rise of Terrorism (PLO, Hamas, Hezbollah,
Al-Qaeda)

8. 600-1450 Southwest Asia Economic 1750-1914
Crossroads of Agricultural society
1450- 1750 Exports of raw materials –
civilizations and hub of
Agricultural and lacked industrialization
trade – caravan routes and manufactured goods
(Spices, sugarcane, merchant society
carpets, textiles, Decline of trade with the Handicrafts and textiles
handicrafts) West – slow economic could not compete with
European Industry –
Mecca, Baghdad, Cairo – decline due to inflation,
became dependent, loans,
commercial center, European sea routes extraterritoriality
markets (Bazaar), Domination of Eastern
schools, merchants, Mediterranean trade, Some attempts to
slaves, Jiyza Tax modernize military, use
Indian Ocean trade
tariffs to protect goods
Mongols destroyed Slaves from Africa used
Baghdad but later as servants, Harem Suez Canal helped world
increased trade, spread trade
of Bubonic Plague
1914-Present
Oil, OPEC (Oil Cartels), some industrialization, modernization of military and
infrastructure, urbanization (Cairo, Dubai, Baghdad), Suez Canal still vital,
guest workers going to western Europe, lacks manufactured goods, tourism

9. 600-1450 1750-1914
Polytheistic to
Southwest Asia Social Islam continues to
Monotheistic (Islam and 1450- 1750 dominate
Shariah law) Islam continues to
Tolerant of others
Some westernization
dominate culture, society –
(Suez Canal, Military)
Education, technology, art, religious tolerance
Lack of industrialization –
architecture (Dome, Merchants and Jannisaries artisans could not
minarets), calligraphy, are valuable to society
geometry (Arabic
compete with West
numerals), astronomy, Beautified Constantinople
Population growth, cities
cartography, literature, (Hagia Sophia)
preserved Greco-Roman Women were subordinate, Failed attempts of
culture merchants, lack of Enlightenment ideals
education, politics – (Tanzimat Reforms)
Women were veiled, could
own property, merchants, veiling, Harem Women seen as inferior,
harems, men could have Harems
four wives, later secluded
1914-Present
Islam dominates, Ethnic and religious strife – Arab-Israeli conflict, Armenian
genocide, Sunni-Shiite conflicts, Palestinian refugees, lack of tolerance
Strict Islamic law, women in burqas, lack of rights (Iran, Taliban)
Westernization – computers, internet, some women’s rights (Turkey, Egypt)
Urbanization, population increase, some rejection of Western ideals

10. Southwest Asia Conclusions
Political
1. Politics in the Southwest Asia have been highly influenced by Islam since its
development in 622 C.E.
2. Middle East has always been vulnerable to outside invasions due to its lack of
natural barriers and crucial location.
Economic
1. Due to it’s location and resources, Southwest Asia never really industrialized or
created its own manufactured goods which resulted in an inconsistent economy..
2. The Islamic economy declined once it was unable to control and benefit
from the Silk Road and Indian Ocean Trade route.
Social
1. Many people in Southwest Asia are torn between their traditional cultural values and
modern western ideals.
2. Women were consistently seen as inferior to men and only recently have
been given more political and social rights in some areas.
3. The role of Religion has been vital to the identity and culture of the people

11. 600-1450 Western Europe Political 1750-1914
Dark Ages, ___________, Enlightenment
decentralization 1450- 1750 Revolutions (France)
Charlemagne – Rise of ___________ and _______ Constitutional
Carolingian Empire Empire- France, England, governments
Holy Roman Empire Holy Roman Empire
_________ Movements
Power of _____________ _____________ of Spain
(Italy, Germany,
Faith – Pope, Canon law, Religious wars
Austria, Russia)
excommunication, Absolute Monarchs
___ based Empires,
________________ 1054 ____________, Charles V,
Wars (Seven Years,
Islamic Spain, Crusades, Phillip II, Maria Teresa,
________________,
Spanish American,
Henry VIII
Mongol Threats, Hundred Boer, Crimean, Opium)
_______________ Rule
Years’ War Bureaucracy, oversea New Imperialism,
Rise of trading cities possessions Berlin Conference
(Venice, Florence) __________________
Limited monarchy in
Renaissance Socialism, communism
England – Civil War 1642
1914-Present
Clash of Democracy, Communism and ______________ - World War I and II –
Decolonization - Cold War – Rise of ________________. Liberal movement and
Welfare State to Conservatism - European cooperation (European Union)
Rise of _______________,

12. 600-1450 Western Europe Economic 1750-1914
____________, serfdom Proto-Industrialization,
Limited trade – unsafe 1450- 1750 ___________________
routes, agricultural _____________, agricultural Need for resources and
markets, agricultural
Church had great Exploration – water routes
wealth – _______ Tax to Asia, Encounter of ____________ system,
Americas, Colonialism enclosure movement
After __________, trade
_______________________ mass production, new
routes develop, - Silk inventions
True Global trade, sea based,
Road, Mediterranean,
Spanish inflation End of _______ – need for
Hanseatic League
______________ Exchange low wage workers –
Urbanization, ________, urbanization
– potato, tobacco, maize led
banks, currency Eco Imperialism – spheres
to population boom
Goods – wool, honey, of influence expanded
Trading companies, laissez- capitalism and
salt, copper, tin,
faire capitalism _________________
animals
1914-Present
Globalization, New technology, Consumerism, World Bank, need for____
______________ vs communism, Great Depression – Welfare state, socialism
Rise of service industries, environmental regulations, immigration of workers,
Economic European Union (Euro)

13. Western Europe Social 1450- 1750 1750-1914
Ethnocentric Ethnocentrism, __________
600-1450 Population increase, Rise of Population increase- crowded
Feudalism (King, Nobles, merchants, farmers cities – families split due to
High Priests, Knights, End of _____________ factory work, harsh conditions,
crime, alcoholism, health issues
serfs) Renaissance – Greco-Roman art,
architecture _____________, New Elite Class (entrepreneurs)
Code of ___________ and New working class
secularism, women – merchants,
Church influenced art, (__________________)
midwives, witch hunts
music, illumination, Status based on ___________,
_________ architecture _______________ – split in not land or family
religion (Luther, Calvin) Counter
Women – homemakers, Reformation Women lost work at home due to
weak, subordinate – factories, start to gain suffrage
________________ Revolution
some could trade and Enlightenment, natural rights, Increase in wages – consumer
join guilds. ___________. lateen sail, printing press, goods, ___________ time,
compass, caravel, gunpowder theater, sports,
Increased urbanization,
(guns, cannons) Social _____________, White
universities, Start of
Man’s Burden, democracy,
Renaissance
feminism, communism
1914-Present
Population decrease – immigration, Rise of ________________, educated elite
_________________, advertising, entertainment, film, sports, common fashions, trends
Status based on wealth, education, and profession
_____________ rights – gain jobs in all professions
Computer age, Information age, Nuclear power, Space travel, Green movement,
Secularism, liberalism vs conservatism

14. 600-1450 Southwest Asia Political 1750-1914
Rise of __________ 622 CE Ottoman Empire continues
Mecca, Muhammad, umma 1450- 1750 to decline - becomes
(community) Shariah, Ottoman Empire _________________ on
Dar al-Islam 1453 – conquest of British and French (Crimean
_________________ Split, ____________ by Mehmed War)
caliph II, spread of empire to
Syria, Egypt, North Africa ______________ – Revolts in
Umayyad Caliphate 661-750 Serbia, Greece – movements
Damascus, Arab, tolerance Sulieman the Magnificent –
1520-1566, Golden Age in Egypt (Muhammad Ali)
for Jews/Christians “people and Turkey (Young Turks,
of the _______” focused on warfare and
used _______________ Ataturk)
Abbasid Caliphate 750-1258
Baghdad, gave equal status Failed siege of Vienna Industrialization in Egypt to
to converts, Golden Age, no 1529, Loss at Battle of modernize military – cash
clear succession, high taxes Lepanto 1571, corruption, crops (cotton) ___________
taxes, lack of technology
Seljuk Turks, _________, led to long _________ Attempted ________reforms,
Mongol IlKhanate, Ottoman Constitution Janissaries
Empire 1289-1923 eliminated
1914-Present
Ottoman Empire falls after WWI, Creation of Mandates, Nation-States, Creation of _______
Arab-Israeli Wars, Iranian Revolution, Islamic ____________________, Iran-Iraq War,
OPEC, Persian Gulf War, Iraqi War, Afghanistan War, Rise of ____________________ (PLO,
Hamas, Hezbollah, Al-Qaeda)

15. 600-1450 Southwest Asia Economic 1750-1914
________________ of Agricultural society
1450- 1750 Exports of raw materials –
civilizations and hub of
Agricultural and lacked industrialization
trade – caravan routes and _____________ goods
(Spices, sugarcane, merchant society
carpets, textiles, _________ of trade with Handicrafts and textiles
handicrafts) the West – slow could not compete with
____________ Industry –
Mecca, Baghdad, Cairo – economic decline due to
became dependent, loans,
_____________ center, inflation, European sea extraterritoriality
markets (Bazaar), routes
schools, merchants, Domination of Eastern Some attempts to
slaves, ________ Tax modernize ________, use
_______________ trade,
tariffs to protect goods
____________ destroyed Indian Ocean trade
Baghdad but later ______ from Africa used ______ Canal helped
increased trade, spread as servants, Harem world trade
of Bubonic Plague
1914-Present
Oil, _______ (Oil Cartels), some industrialization, modernization of military and
infrastructure, urbanization (Cairo, Dubai, Baghdad), Suez Canal still vital,
guest workers going to western Europe, lacks manufactured goods, ________

16. 600-1450 1750-1914
Polytheistic to
Southwest Asia Social Islam continues to
Monotheistic (__________ 1450- 1750 dominate
and Shariah law) Islam continues to
Tolerant of others
Some ______________
dominate culture, society –
(Suez Canal, Military)
Education, technology, art, religious _____________
Lack of industrialization –
architecture (Dome, Merchants and Jannisaries artisans could not
minarets), calligraphy, are valuable to society
geometry (Arabic
compete with West
numerals), astronomy, _________ Constantinople
Population growth, cities
cartography, literature, (Hagia Sophia)
preserved Women were subordinate, Failed attempts of
_________________culture merchants, lack of ______________ ideals
_____________, politics – (Tanzimat Reforms)
veiling, Harem Women seen as inferior,
Women were veiled, could
own property, merchants, Harems
________, men could have
four wives, later secluded
1914-Present
Islam dominates, Ethnic and religious _______ – Arab-Israeli conflict, Armenian
genocide, Sunni-Shiite conflicts, Palestinian refugees, lack of tolerance
Strict ________ law, women in burqas, lack of rights (Iran, Taliban)
_________________ – computers, internet, some women’s rights (Turkey, Egypt)
Urbanization, population increase, some rejection of Western ideals