7. accelerated change Gradual change current technology What kind of change? Bron: Foresight Institute technical ability Time Are we here in time? Or here?
21. Moves 0.1 1 10 100 1K 10K 100K 1M 10M CPU power (MIPS) Chess Rating Bernstein , IBM 704, 1957 MacHack , PDP-6, 1966 Belle , 1983 Crazy Blitz , Crazy 1, 1981 Chiptest , 1987 Deep Thought , 1989 Deep Thought II , 1991 Deep Blue , 1997 Chess 4.0 , CDC 6400, 1973 MacHack , PDP-10, 1970 Chess 4.6 , Cyber 176, 1977 Kasparov Grand Master Senior Master Master Class D Class C Class B Class A Expert Quantity = quality ?
22. Evolution of computers Rekenkracht equivalent per $1000 Computer 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 Year Million MIPS per $1000 (1997 Dollars) 1000 1 1 / 1000 1 / Million 1 / Billion source: Hans Moravec Monroe Calcu- lator Burroughs Class 16 IBM Tabulator Colossus ENIAC IBM 704 IBM 7090 IBM 1130 CDC 7600 Apple II Mac II Gateway G6-200 Commodore 64 IBM PC Power Tower 180e IBM PS/2 90 Mac Iltx Sun-3 DEC VAX 11/780 SDS 920 IBM 360/75 IBM 1620 1995 Trend 1985 Trend 1965 Trend Apple G4 P4 G5 PS3
23. "Dave Striver loved the university - its ivy-covered clocktowers, its ancient and sturdy brick, and its sun-splashed verdant greens and eager youth. The university, contrary to popular opinion, is far from free of the stark unforgiving trials of the business world: academia has its own tests, and some are as merciless as any in the marketplace. A prime example is the dissertation defense: to earn the Ph.D., to become a doctor, one must pass an oral examination on one's dissertation. This was a test Professor Edward Hart enjoyed giving."