SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo
1  sur  36
Télécharger pour lire hors ligne
16 Tenses In English


                             CHAPTER I
                     PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

1.1 THE USE OF PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE

     We use The Present Continuous Tense when we talk about something which
is happening at the time of speaking.
Example : Please don’t make so much noise. I’m studying.

      We also use The Present Continuous Tense when we talk about something
which is happening around the time of speaking, but not necessarily exactly at
the time of speaking.
Example : Silvia is learning English at the moment.

     We often use the Present Continuous when we talk about a period around the
present.
Example :You’re working hard today. Yes, I have a lot of to do

    We use the present continuous when we talk about the changing situation.
Example : The population without jobs is increasing very fast.

1.2. THE ADVERBS OF TIME USED

     The adverbs of time used in Present Continous tense are “NOW, RIGHT NOW,

TOMORROW,ETC

1.3. THE PATTERN OF PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE

     The patterns of Present continous tense consist of :

      1.3.A. Positive Pattern

        S + am/is/are + Verb 4…………………………………………….Now
        S + sedang + 4……………………………………..sekarang

      Examples :
      1. I am studying English now.
      2. We are going to Jakarta tomorrow (akan)
      3. You are singing now.
      4. He is making a cake now.
      5. she is sewing a shirt now.

Communicative English Course                                                    1
16 Tenses In English


       6. They are playing football in the field now.
       7. Tom and Ani are doing their homework tomorrow.
       8. The students are doing sport now.

       1.3.b The Negative Pattern

        S + am/is/are + Not + Verb 4…………………………………… Now
         S + tidak sedang + 4 …………………………………….sekarang
         Example :
         1. I am not studying now
         2. He is not sleeping now
         3. My father is not watching television now.
         4. we aren’t going to Jakarta Tomorrow.

       1.3.c. The Interrogative Pattern

        Am/Is/Are + S + Verb 4…………………………………………..Now?
        Apakah + S + sedang + 4…………………………sekarang ?
        Examples :
        1. Are you studying English now ? Yes, I am/ No, I am not
        2. Is he eating fried rice now? Yes, he is/ No, he isn’t
        3. Is your father working in the office now? Yes, He is/No, He isn’t

       1.3.d. Qusetion-word Pattern

        QW + Am/Is/Are + S + Verb 4…………………………………...Now?
        QW + yang + S + 4……………………………………..sekarang?
         Examples :
         1. what are you doing now ? studying
         2. Where is he studying English now ? at school

EXERCISE I : Translate these sentences into English.
  1. Jack sedang tidur sekarang
  2. Mary sedang mengerjakan tugas itu
  3. Kami sedang menonton sebuah film di televisi
  4. Mereka sedang bermain bola di halaman sekarang
  5. Guru itu sedang menerangkan pelajaran itu.
  6. Perusahaan itu sedang tumbuh dengan pesat sekarang.
  7. Harga saham di bursa Efek Jakarta sedang naik sekarang
  8. Pak Adi sedang mengajar bahasa Inggris di kampus sekarang
  9. Polisi tersebut sedang mencari Ali sekarang.
  10. Ana, Ani, dan Tom sedang berdiskusi sekarang.


Communicative English Course                                                     2
16 Tenses In English


EXERCISE 2 : Change the following sentences into (+), (-), and (?)

   1.   They are speaking English now.
   2.   We are not reading now.
   3.   Is your mother frying rice now? No, she isn’t.
   4.   What is your father looking at now ? a picture.
   5.   He is watching “Plan to kill” on TV now.
   6.   The teacher is not explaining tenses to the students now.
   7.   Is Maradona playing football in Argentina Now?

EXERCISE 3 : Write questions by using question words based on the
             underlined words in the following sentences.

1. John is eating a plate of rice in the dining room now.
2. The cat is eating fried chicken in the kitchen now.
3. Tom and Jerry are quarrelling about food now.
4. My father is teaching Biology at school now.

EXERCISE 4 : Answer the following questions with your own words.

   1.   Are you studying English now ?
   2.   Is your father reading a newspaper now?
   3.   Is your mother sewing a shirt now?
   4.   Are They singing a song at home now?
   5.   Is Mr.Adi teaching English at school now?
   6.   What is your mother doing now?
   7.   What is your brother doing now?

EXERCISE 5 : Write sentences by using the following verbs

Writing, speaking, sewing, growing, discussing, doing, hunting,eating,
drinking, dancing, singing, making, building, teaching, explaining,
talking, watching, shopping, sleeping, typing, driving, riding, training,
working




Communicative English Course                                                  3
16 Tenses In English


                                    CHAPTER 2
                                    PAST TENSE

2.1. The Use of Simple Past Tense
       We use the past simple to talk about actions or situations in the past.

2.2. The Adverbs of time used

       The adverbs of time used in this tense are Yesterday, last….., a week ago, this
       morning , last night, yesterday morning, yesterweek, yestermonth, yesteryear,
       etc.

2.3.   The Patterns of Simple Past Tense

        2.3.1. The Positive Pattern

         S + Verb 2…………………………………………………… Yesterday
         S + 2…………………………………………………..
          Examples :
          1. John saw a crocodile in the river yesterday.
          2. We studied English here last week.
          3. They played football in the field yesteryear

          2.3.2. The Negative Pattern

         S + didn’t + Verb 1…………………………………… ……..Yesterday
         S + tidak + 1…………………………………kemarin
         Examples :
         1. John didn’t see a crocodile in the river yesterday.
         2. We didn’t study here last week.
         3. They didn’t play football in the field yesteryear.

          2.3.3. The Interrogative Pattern

         Did + S + Verb 1……………………………………………..Yesterday?
          Apakah + S + 1…………………………………………kemarin?
         Examples:
         1. Did John see a crocodile in the river yesterday ? Yes, he did/No, he
            didn’t
         2. Did you study here last week ? Yes, we did/ No, we didn’t


Communicative English Course                                                             4
16 Tenses In English


          3. Did they play football in the field yesteryear? Yes, they did/No, they
             didn’t

          2.3.4. The Question-word Pattern

          QW + did + S + Verb 1……………………………….………Yesterday?
          Qw + yang + S + 1…………………………………….?
          Examples:
          1. What did John see in the river yesterday ? a crocodile
          2. When did John see a crocodile in the river? yesterday

          QW + Verb 2……………………………….………Yesterday? S + did
          QW + 2……………………………..?
          Examples :
          1. Who saw a crocodile in the river yesterday ? John did
          2. What grew in the rice-field last year? A coconut tree did

   EXERCISE I : Translate these sentences into English !

   1. Kami menjual mobil kami kemarin
   2. Apakah kamu pergi ke luar tadi malam ?
   3. Dia tidak datang ke pesta itu minggu lalu
   4. Apakah kamu tidur nyenyak tadi malam ?
   5. Kami menjual rumah kami di Jakarta tahun lalu.
   6. Manajer pemasaran tersebut melakukan penelitian minggu lalu.
   7. Apakah perusahaan anda menjual kursi tahun lalu ? Ya.
   8. Kapan anda menjalankan usaha anda di Jakarta ? tahun lalu
   9. Siapa yang membuat kue itu kemarin ? ibu saya.
   10. Apa yang jatuh di jalan kemarin ? Tas saya.


   EXERCISE II. Change the following sentences into (+), (-), ( ?), Present
               Continous Tense.

     1.




Communicative English Course                                                           5
16 Tenses In English


                        3. PRESENT FUTURE TENSE

We often use will in this situation:

Offering to do something:
e.g. That bag looks heavy. I’ll help with it.

Agreeing and refusing to do something:
e.g. I’ve asked john to help me but he won’t

Promising to do something.
e.g. I will come to your house tonight. I promise.

Asking someone to do something.
Will you close the window,please!
The pattern :

         S + will/shall + Verb 1…………………………………… Tomorrow

         S + won’t/shan’t + Verb 1…………………… ………… Tomorrow

         Will/Shall + S + Verb 1………………………………….. Tomorrow?

         QW + will/shall + S + Verb 1…………………….………Tomorrow?

We often use will to be going to when we say what we have already decided to do,
what we intend to do in the future.
e.g. A:There’s a film on television tonight. Are you going to watch it?
     B: No, I am too tired. I am going to have an early night.

The pattern :

         S + am/is/are + going to + Verb 1……………………………………

         S +am/is/are + not + going to + Verb 1…………………… …………

         Am/is/are + S + going to + Verb 1………………………………….. .?

         QW + am/is/are + S + going to + verb 1…………………………… ..?




Communicative English Course                                                       6
16 Tenses In English


                               4. PRESENT TENSE

Present Tense is used to talk about something in general. And it is also used to talk

about something which is happened repeatedly or habituallly activities.

e.g. + The earth goes round the sun

     - The earth doesn’t go round the sun

     ? Does the earth go round the sun ?



     + I get up at 8 o’clock every morning

     - I don’t get up at 8 o’clock every morning

     ? Do you get up at 8 o’clock very morning?

The pattern :

        S + Verb 1 (s/es)…………………………………… Everyday/today

        S + don’t/doesn’t + Verb 1…………………… ……Everyday/today

        Do/Does + S + Verb 1………………………………Everyday/today?

        QW + Do/does + S + Verb 1…………………….…Everyday/today?

We use the present simple when wse say how often we do things:

e.g. How often do you go to the dentist ?

    Mary doesn’t often drink tea.




Communicative English Course                                                        7
16 Tenses In English


                       5. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

      We use past continuous Tense to say that someone was in the middle of doing
something at a certain time. The action or situation had already started before this
time but hadn’t finished:
This time last year I was living in Brazil

     We often use the past continuous Tense and the past simple together to say that
something happened in the middle of something else:
When I was working in the garden, I hurt my back.

The pattern :

        S + was/were + verb 4………………….When + s + Verb 2…….……

        S + was/were + not + Verb 4…………….When + s + Verb 2…………

        Was/were + S + verb 4…………………. When + s + Verb 2 ……. ….?

        QW + was/were + S + verb 4……………When + s + Verb 2 …………?




e.g. + She was cooking rice when Tom came yesterday

    -   She wasn’t cooking rice when Tom came yesterday

    ? Was she cooking rice when Tom came yesterday ?




Communicative English Course                                                        8
16 Tenses In English


                       6. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

We often use the present perfect Tense to give new information or to announce
recent happening:
e.g. Do you know about Mary ? She’s gone to Jakarta.

We can use the Present Perfect Tense with already to say that something has
happened sooner than expected :
e.g. Don’t forget to post this letter, will you? I’ve already posted it.

We can use the Present Perfect Tense with just (= a short time ago)
e.g. Would you like something to eat? ‘No, thanks. I’ve just had lunch’.

We talk about a period of time that continuous up to the present, we use the
present perfect.
e.g. Dave: Have you travelled a lot, Nora?
     Nora: Yes, I have been to 47 different countries.

We often use ever and never with the present perfect:
e.g. have you ever eaten caviar?
     We have never had a car.

We have to use present perfect Tense with This is the first time…, It the first
time…
e.g. This is the first time he has driven a car. (not drives)

We often use the present perfect with yet. Yet shows that the speaker is expecting
something to happen. Use yet only in questions and negative sentences: e.g. Has it
stopped raining yet ? (not ‘did it stop’).

The pattern:

        S + have/has + verb 3……………………….etc

        S + haven’t/hasn’t + Verb 3…………….….etc

        Have/has + S + verb 3………………….. ….etc?

        QW + have/has + S + verb 3………………..etc?




Communicative English Course                                                         9
16 Tenses In English


                          7. PAST PERFECT TENSE

We use the Past perfect to say that something had already happened before this
time :

Example :

   -    When I arrived at the party, Tom had already gone home
   -    When I got home, I found that someone had broken into my flat and had
        stolen my fur coat.
   -    George didn’t want to come to the cinema with us because he had already
        seen the film twice.
   -    It was my first time in an aeroplane. I was very nervous because I hadn’t
        flown before.


The pattern:

         S + had + verb 3…………when/before S + V2

         S + hadn’t + Verb 3……… when/before S + V2

         Had + S + verb 3………… when/before S + V2 ?

         QW + had + S + verb 3……… when/before S + V2 ?


Translate these sentences into English !

   1.   Rumah itu sangat sunyi ketika saya tiba. Semua orang sudah pergi tidur.
   2.   Saya merasa sangat lelah ketika saya pulang, jadi saya langsung pergi tidur
   3.   Saya tidak lapar, saya baru saja makan siang.
   4.   To tidak bearada di rumah ketika saya tiba. Dia baru saja keluar.




Communicative English Course                                                          10
16 Tenses In English


            8. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE


        S + have/has + been + verb 4…………etc

        S + haven’t/hasn’t + been + verb 4……etc

        Have/has + S + been + verb 4……….etc ?

        QW + have/has + S + been + verb 4…etc ?

Example :

   - Pelajar pelajar tengah menyanyi sejak pagi ini

   + The students have been singing since this morning
   - The students haven’t been singing since this morning
   ? Have the students been singing since this morning ?


Translate these sentences into English !

   1. Hari sudah hujan selama dua jam

   2. Berapa lama kamu sudah belajar bahasa inggris ?

   3. Saya sudah menonton acara TV tersebut sejak dua jam

   4. Dia (pr) sudah bermain tenis sejak dia berumur 8 tahun

   5. Berapa lama kamu suah merokok ?

   6. Mereka sudah bermain PS selama tiga jam




Communicative English Course                                                    11
16 Tenses In English


               9. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE


        S + had been + verb 4…………when S + V2

        S + hadn’t been + Verb 4……… when S + V2

        Had + S + been + verb 4………… when S + V2 ?

        QW + had + S + been + verb 4……… when S + V2 ?


Example :
   - Mereka tengah mengerjakan PR ketika saya datang kemarin

   + They had been doing the homework when I came yesterday
   - They hadn’t been doing the homework when I came yesterday
   ? Had they been doing the homework when I came yesterday ?


Translate these sentences into English !

   1. Mereka sudah bermain bola selama satu jam ketika ada petir yang

        menakutkan

   2. Ken sudah merokok selama 30 tahun ketika akhirnya dia berhenti

   3. Orkestra itu sudah bermain selama sepuluh menit ketika seorang laki laki

        berteriak

   4.   Saya sudah mengetik selama tiga puluh menit ketika listrik itu padam

   5. Mereka sudah tidur selama 6 jam ketika kebakaran itu terjadi




Communicative English Course                                                       12
16 Tenses In English


            10. PRESENT FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE


        S + will be + Verb 4 + O + at…………..o’clock

        S + won’t be + Verb 4 + O + at………..o’clock

        Will + S + be + Verb 4 + O + at……….o’clock ?

        QW + will + S + be +Verb 4…………o’clock ?

Example :

   - Kamu sedang akan pergi ke sekolah pukul 7 besok pagi

   + You will be going to school at seven o’clock tomorrow morning
   - You won’t be going to school at seven o’clock tomorrow morning
   ? Will you be going to school at seven o’clock tomorrow morning ?


Translate these sentences into English !

   1. George sedang akan meninggalkan Indonesia pada pukul 9 besok pagi

   2. Saya sedang akan menyelesaikan PR itu sore nanti

   3. Dia (pr) sedang akan menonton acara di stadion tersebut nanti malam

   4. Mereka sedang akan makan malam di restauran itu nanti malam

   5. Para karyawan sedang akan menyelesaikan pekerjaan itu pukul 9 nanti malam




Communicative English Course                                                     13
16 Tenses In English


               11. PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT TENSE


        S + will have + verb 3 + ……….by the end……

        S + won’t have + Verb 3 + ………..by the end….

        Will + S + have + Verb 3 + ………by the end…. ?

        QW + will + S + have +Verb 3 +…………by the end… ?

Example :

   - Kita sudah akan tiba di Jakarta besok sore.

   + We will have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow afternoon
   - We won’t have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow afternoon
   ? Will we have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow afternoon ?


Translate these sentences into English !

   1. John sudah akan selesai mengerjakan pekerjaanya menjelang akhir minggu ini

   2. Menjelang minggu depan saya akan selesai membaca buku ini

   3. Menjelang bulan depan dia akan membayar hutangnya

   4. Kami sudah akan mendapat rumah baru menjelang akhir tahun ini




Communicative English Course                                                    14
16 Tenses In English




     12. PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE


        S + will have been + verb 4………since……….

        S + won’t have been + verb 4…….since……….

        Will + S + have been + verb 4……since……….?

        QW + will + S + have been + verb 4….since…..?

Example :

   - Mereka tengah akan belajar sejak pagi besok

   + They will have been studying since this morning
   - They won’t have been studying since this morning
   ? Will they have been studying since this morning ?


Translate these sentences into English !

   1. Menjelang akhir tahun ini kami akan sudah mempelajari bahasa inggris

       selama tiga tahun

   2. Menjelang hari natal saya akan sudah bekerja di kantor ini selama lima tahun

   3. Menjelang liburan sekolah ini saya sudah mengikuti tes selama 5 kali

   4. Menjelang hari raya idul fitri saya sudah akan dua kali pulang ke desa




Communicative English Course                                                       15
16 Tenses In English




                          13. PAST FUTURE TENSE


        S + would + V1…IF + S + verb 2………….etc

        S + wouldn’t + verb 1….+ object…………..etc

        Would + S + verb 1 ….+ object ……….…..etc ?

Example :

1. Saya akan datang ANDAIKATA kamu mengundang saya

   I would come if you invited me

2. Tom akan melakukan perjalanan JIKAdia punya uang

   Tom would travel if he had more money



Exercise : Translate these sentences into English!

   1. Jika saya jadi kamu, saya tidak akan membeli rumah itu

   2. Saya akan keluar jika hari tidak hujan

   3. Jika saya kaya, saya akan membeli sebuah villa

   4. Jika saya dapat berbicara bahasa inggris, saya akan pergi keluar negeri

   5. Saya tidak akan keberatan tinggal di Amerika jika cuacanya bagus




Communicative English Course                                                       16
16 Tenses In English




                14. PAST FUTURE CINTINUOUS TENSE


        S + would be + Verb 4……when S + verb 2……….etc

        S + wouldn’t + be + verb 4….when S + verb 2………etc

        Would + S + be + verb 4 ….. when S + verb 2……etc ?

Example :

   - Sedianya mereka sedang akan pulang KETIKA kami datang

   + They would be going home when we came
   - They wouldn’t be going home when we came
   ? Would they be going home when we came ?


Translate these sentences into English !

   1. Saya akan sedang menempuh ujian hari berikutnya pada waktu itu

   2. Kami akan sedang membangun rumah itu pada waktu itu

   3. Mereka sedang akan bermain babak kedua pada pertandingan sepakbola

       waktu itu.




Communicative English Course                                                   17
16 Tenses In English




                   15. PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE


        S + would have + verb 3…..IF + S + had + verb 3…….

        S + wouldn’t have + verb 3 ……object………..etc

        Would + S + have + verb 3 …….object………..etc ?

Example :

   - Ia sudah akan menjadi presiden ANDAIKATA partainya menang dalam

       pemilihan umum.

   -   He would have become a presiden if his party had won in general election




Exercise : Translate these sentences into English!

   1. Jika saya telah mengetahui bahwa kamu sakit, saya akan menemuimu

   2. Tom tidak akan mengikuti ujian itu jika dia mengetahui bahwa soalnya akan

       begitu sulit.

   3. Jika saya berjumpa dengan mu, saya akan mengatakan hello

   4. Jika saya telah mengumpulakan uang, saya akan menikahi mu

   5. Saya akan mengirim surat ini jika kamu telah selesai membuatmya




Communicative English Course                                                      18
16 Tenses In English




        16. PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE


        S + would have + been + verb 4…..IF + S + had + verb 3…….

        S + wouldn’t have been + verb 4…….object…………etc

        Would + S + have been + verb 4.. …….object………..etc ?

Example :

   - Sedianya rapat tengah akan dimulai sejak pagi ANDAIKATA walikota

       sudah datang tepat pada waktunya

   -   The meeting would have been starting since this morning if Mayor had come

       on time.



Exercise : Translate these sentences into English!

   1. Sedianya concert itu tengah akan dimulai andaikata artis artis itu datang pada

       waktunya.

   2. Sedianya saya tengah akan tidur andaikata mereka belum datang

   3. Andaikata ayah saya telah selesai berbelanja, ibu saya akan memasak

       makanan itu




Communicative English Course                                                      19
16 Tenses In English




                       17. Abbreviation (singkatan)

   1. I am                       = I’m
   2. You are                    = You’re
   3. We are                     = We’re
   4. They are                   = They’re
   5. He is                      = He’s
   6. She is                     = She’s
   7. It is                      = It’s
   8. Will not                   = won’t
   9. Would not                  = Wouldn’t
   10. Do not                    = Don’t
   11. Does not                  = Doesn’t
   12. Did not                   = Didn’t
   13. Is not                    = Isn’t
   14. Are not                   = Aren’t
   15. Was not                   = Wasn’t
   16. Were not                  = Weren’t
   17. Have not                  = Haven’t
   18. Has not                   = Hasn’t
   19. Had not                   = Hadn’t
   20. Can not                   = Can’t
   21. Could not                 = Couldn’t
   22. Must not                  = Mustn’t
   23. Should not                = Shouldn’t
   24. Might not                 = Mightn’t
   25. May not                   = Mayn’t




Communicative English Course                                           20
16 Tenses In English




          18. PASSIVE VOICE (IN POSITIVE FORM)
Penjelasan:
   1. Kalimat pasif ialah suatu kalimat yang subjeknya dikenai oleh suatu perbuatan
      atau yang predikatnya berawalan di…/ ter…
   2. Kata kerja yang digunakan harus kata kerja transitive, yaitu kata kerja yang
      bisa diikuti oleh suatu objek atau benda.
   3. Rumus kalimat pasif dalam bahasa inggris adalah sebagai berikut:


        S + To be + V3…………………………………by…


   4. To be berfungsi untuk menentukan Tenses dari suatu kalimat dan untuk
      membentuk awalan : di….atau: ter…
   5. To be dapat dijabarkan dalam 16 Tenses (lihatlah 16 Tenses pada rumus
      kalimat aktif)



Pelajarilah Rumus dibawah ini :
   1. Present Future Tense: S + will be + V3…by…
   2. Present Future Continuous Tense: S + will be + being + V3…by…
   3. Present Future Perfect Tense: S + will have been + V3
   4. Present Future Perfect Continuous Tense: S + will have been + being + V3….
   5. Simple Present Tense: S + am/is/are + V3…
   6. Present Continuous Tense: S + am/is/are + being +V3…
   7. Present Perfect Tense: S + have/has + been + V3
   8. Present Perfect Continuous Tense: S + have been/has been +being +V3…
   9. Past Perfect Tense: S + had been +V3…
   10. Past Perfect Continuous Tense: S + had been + being + V3…
   11. Simple Past Tense: S + Was/were + V3…
   12. Past Continuous Tense: S + was/were + being + V3…

Communicative English Course                                                      21
16 Tenses In English


   13. Past Future Tense: S + would be + V3…
   14. Past Future Continuous Tense: S + would be being +V3…
   15. Past Future Perfect Tense: S + would have been + V3…
   16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense: S + would have been + being + V3…


Penjelasan :
   1. Kata kerja yang dipakai dalam kalimat pasif ialah V3 (bukan V1, V2, V4)
   2. Tenses dalam kalimat pasifditentukan aleh bentuk To be nya
   3. TO BE bisa terdiri dari:
           a. Satu kata saja (am/is/are/was/were) lihat nomor 5 dan 11.
           b. Dua kata(will be,have been, has been, had been, would be) lihat
              nomor1, 7, 9, 13. (am being-is being-are being-was being-were being)
              no. 6 dan no. 12.
           c. Tiga kata (will be being, will have been, have been being, has been
              being, had been being, would be being and would have been) lihat
              nomor 2, 3, 8, 10, 14 dan 15.
           d. Empat kata (will have been being dan would have been being ) no. 4
              dan 16.
   4. Being dalam kalimat pasif menunjukan: Continuous.




Communicative English Course                                                       22
16 Tenses In English




             19. PASSIVE – VOICE IN NEGATIVE FORM

1. Present Future Tense
    S + Won’t be + V3……….(by him)………             = S tak akan di…………………
   Example : Engkau tak akan dimarahi olehnya.

2. Present Future Continuous Tense
    S + Won’t be + being + V3…(by them)….            =     S   tidak   sedang   akan
   di……….
   Example : Rapat tidak sedang akan dimulai oleh mereka pukul 9 besok pagi.

3. Present Future Perfect Tense
    S + Won’t have been + V3….(by her)           = S belum akan di…………
   Example : Nasi belum akan dimasak olehnya sore ini

4. Present Future Perfect Continuous Tense
    S + Won’t have been + V3….(by the Bank)………
   Example : Rumah itu belum lagi akan disita oleh Bank pada akhir tahun ini.

5. Simple Present Tense
    S + (am not/isn’t/aren’t) + V3….(by the Judge)
   Example : Pengacau-pengacau itu tidak dikenakan hukuman oleh Hakim.

6. Present Continuous Tense
    S + (am not/isn’t/aren’t) + being + V3… (by……)
   Example : Mobil saya tidak sedang direparasi sekarang

7. Present Perfect Tense
     S + (hasn’t/haven’t) + been + V3….(by ……..)
   Example : Saya belum diajak dalam percakapan bahasa Inggris oleh kawan-
             kawan saya.


Communicative English Course                                                       23
16 Tenses In English




8. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
    S + (hasn’t/haven’t) + been + being + V3…by…..
   Example : Korupsi masih belum diberantas oleh pemerintah sejak bertahun-tahun
             yang lalu.


9. Past Perfect Tense
     S + hadn’t been + V3…by…..
   Example : Tomy belum dituduh sebagai penghianat, sebelum Jaksa Agung
             terbunuh.


10. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
     S + hadn’t been + being + V3…(by……….)
   Example : Buchary masih belum dicalonkan Walikota, ketika otonomi
             dilimpahkan ke-propinsi.


11. Simple Past Tense
     S + (wasn’t/weren’t) + V3…(by……….)
   Example : Tindakan keras tidak dilakukan oleh pemerintah terhadap para
             koruptor.


12. Past Continuous Tense
     S + (wasn’t/weren’t) + V3…(by……….)
   Example : Pasien tidak sedang dioperasi ketika ia meninggal kemarin.


• No. 13 s/d No. 16, hanya menambahkan kata Not, pada kata bantu yang pertama.
   Lihat pada 16 Tenses kalimat pasip bentuk berita.




Communicative English Course                                                      24
16 Tenses In English


Note : Keterangan pelaku (by me, by us, by him, dst) dan keterangan waktu, bisa
       dipakai bila diperlukan. Tergantung kepada : kondisi dan situasi dari tiap
       kalimat yang diucapkan.


               20. PASSIVE VOICE IN INTERROGATIVE

1. Present Future Tense
    Will + S + be + V3…(by..) few years from now ?        = Yes/No,………
   Example : Apakah Bahasa Inggris akan dipakai di Pontianak ?
               When + ……………………………… ? = Few years from now.


2. Present Future Continuous Tense
    Will + S + have been + V3…………… ?                 = Yes/No,………………...
   Example : Apakah rapat sedang akan diadakan pukul 9 besok ?
               What time + ………………... ? = At 9 o’clock.


3. Present Future Perfect Tense
    Will + S + have been + V3……………?              = Yes/No,………………...
   Example : Apakah pekerjaanmu sudah akan diselesaikan sore ini ?
               What + …………………….. ? = Your job.


4. Present Future Perfect Continuous Tense
    Will + S + have been + being + V3………… ?             = Yes/No,……………….
   Example : Apakah norma-norma hukum tengah akan diberlakukan sesudah
             negara bangkrut ?
                 Why + …………………………... ? = Because none is hones in
                                         government.



5. Simple Present Tense
     (Am /Is/Are) + S + V3……………. ?             = Yes/No,………………


Communicative English Course                                                      25
16 Tenses In English


   Example : Apakah saya diminta untuk menemani kamu ?
               By whom + …………………………. ? = By our director.




6. Present Continuous Tense
    (Am/Is/Are ) + S + being + V3………. ?            = Yes/No,………………...
   Example : Apakah penari-penari itu sedang dijemput sekarang ?
               Where + ……………………. ? = At the airport.


7. Present Perfect Tense
     (Has/Have) + S + been + V3 ………… ?             = Yes/No,………………...
   Example : Sudahkah tiket-tiket itu dibeli olehmu ?
               How many tickets + ……….. ? = 5 tickets


8. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
    (Has/Have) + S + been + being + V3………. ?               = Yes/No,………………
   Example : Apakah Budi tengah diopname di rumah sakit ?
               How long + …………………. ? = For 3 days.


9. Past Perfect Tense
     Had + S + been + V3………. ?          = Yes/No,………………
   Example : Apakah perampok-perampok itu sudah tertembak dikakinya sebelum
             mereka menyerahkan diri ?
               Who + ………………… ? = The robbers.


10. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
     Had + S + been + being + V3……………. ?                = Yes/No,………………
   Example : Apakah ia tengah diperbantukan sebelum kepada Departemen
             Pendidikan sebelum ia menjadi Menteri ?


Communicative English Course                                                    26
16 Tenses In English


                 How long + …………………. ? = More than 3 year.

11. Simple Past Tense
     (Were/Was) + S + V3 …………. ?                      = Yes/No,………………
   Example : Apakah masalah Tomy dibicarakan di DPR ?
               What + ………………………. ? = Tomy’s problem.
12. Past Continuous Tense
     (Were/Was) + S + being + V3………… ?              = Yes/No,………………
   Example : Apakah proyek perumahan sedang direncanakan di kota ini ketika saya
             ada di luar negeri tahun lalu ?
               By whom + ………………… ? = By the mayor.

13. Past Future Tense    : Hanya mengubah : Will dengan Would dan keterangan
    waktu
14. Past Future Continuous Tense          : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendiri)
15. Past Future Perfect Tense             : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendri)
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendiri)




Communicative English Course                                                          27
16 Tenses In English




                 21. CAUSATIVE Dengan HAVE Dan GET

Fungsi : I. Menyuruh sesorang untuk mengerjakan sesuatu.
         II. Menyuruh agar sesuatu dikerjakan oleh orang lain.
Bandingkanlah kalimat-kalimat berikut:
1. Tono mengecat rumahnya hari ini.
2. Rumah Tono dicat sendiri olehnya.
3. Tono menyuruh tukang cat mengecatkan rumahnya.
4. Tono mengecatkan rumahnya.


                            Rumus-Rumus Causative:

A.    S + to have + someone + V1 + … etc

     Eg: 1. He has a mechanic repair his car today
         2. He will have a mechanic repair his car tomorrow
         3. He is having a mechanic ………etc now


B.    S + to have + something +

     Eg: 1. I had my tooth pulled out yesterday
         2. Ali has had his hair cut since yesterday

Note : Perubahan Tenses hanya terjadi pada kata kerja to have.
       (have (has) – had – had – having)


C.    S + to get + someone + to + V1 + … etc




Communicative English Course                                                      28
16 Tenses In English


Eg : 1. He will get me to help him tomorrow

         2. He doesn’t get me to come to his house today
         3. He has get me to bring a dictionary


D.   S + to get + somthing + to + V3 + … etc

   Eg : 1. The girl gets her face made up (dihias)
        2. I won’t get my hair cut short.
        3. Budi is getting his tooth pulled out now
 Catatan penting : Something = (sth) = sesuatu benda
                   Someone = (so) = seseorang (object): me, him, …
                   One’s (kepunyaan) = my…, your…, her…, our…, their…
                   Eg = example = contoh. (Eg = example gratia)




Communicative English Course                                                 29
16 Tenses In English




                               THE 16 TENSES

Perhatikan perubahan yang terjadi dari Rumus umum ke – TENSES TERTENTU:
 S + TO HAVE + SOME ONE + V1 + …DST

   1.  S + will + have + S.O + V1 + …
   2.  S + will + have had + S.O + V1 + …
   3.  S + have (has) + S.O + V1 + …
   4.  S + had + S.O + V1 + …
   5.  S + have + had + S.O + V1 + …
            has
   6. S + had + had + S.O + V1 + …
   7. S + will be + having + S.O + V1 + …
   8. S + will + have been + having + S.O + V1 + …
   9. S + (am, is, are) + V4 + S.O + V1 + …
   10. S + (was, were) + V4 + S.O + V1 + …
   11. S + (have been/has been) + having + S.O + V1 + …
   12. S + had been + having + S.O + V1 + …
   13. S + would + have + S.O + V1 + …
   14. S + would be + having + S.O + V1 + …
   15. S + would + have had + S.O + V1 + …
   16. S + would + have been + having + S.O + …


        RENUNGKAN:
   1. to have, adalah bentuk : Infinitive (=kata kerja pokok) yang
      berubah menurut Tenses tertentu. (dilahat 16 Tenses diatas).

   2. S.O = Some One = adalah Object, dan bukan Subjek.

Communicative English Course                                               30
16 Tenses In English


         Jadi: S.O, bisa menjadi = me, you, him, her, us, them.
               One’s = bisa menjadi : my, your, his, her, our, dsb
         S = (Subjek), seperti: I, You, He, She, We They, It, dan benda-benda lainnya.
         (T.V, Radio, Weather, the wind).

   3. V1, dalam rumus diatas tidak berubah dalam segala bentuk kalimat dan
      bentuk Tenses apapun. V1, tetap V1, tidak ada perubahan.

   4. V1        V2     V3        V4
      have      had    had      having
                               PATTERN EXERCISE:

TASK : Make free statements according to the PATTERNS (rumus) below:


A. 1.        S + didin’t have + me + V1 + … etc

         Eg : …………………………………………
    2.       Do +S + have + Us + V1 ………….?
             Does

         Eg : …………………………………………
    3.        QW + will + S + have + someone + V1 + … ?
            Eg : When …………………………………………..
    4.        Who + has + someone +V1 + …… ?
            Eg : Who has ………………………………
    5.        Have + someone + V1 + …… !               = suruhlah ……!
            Eg : ……………………………………

B. 1.        S + won’t have + one’s house + V3 + … etc
           Saya tidak akan mengecatkan rumahku.
         = …………………………………………
             Do +S + have + something + V3 …… today ?
    2.       Does


Communicative English Course                                                         31
16 Tenses In English


           Apakah Budi mereparasikan mobilnya hari ini ?
         = ………………………………………………... ?
    3.      QW + did + S + have + something + V3 + … yesterday

              Dimana Evi mencabutkan giginya kemarin
            = …………………………………………….


    4.     Who + will have + One’s + sth + V3 + …… ?
        Siapa yang akan berpoto ?
      = Who will have one’s picture taken ?
One’s picture = seseorang yang belum diketahui.




Communicative English Course                                                  32
16 Tenses In English




                                  LIST OF TRANSITIVE – VERB

          Infinitive                       Past         Present
No     (Kata Dasar)      Past Tense      Participle    Participle       The Meaning in Indonesian:
               V1              V2              V3            V4

1    to do             did             done           ~ing          mengerjkan, melakukan.
2    to have           had             had            having        mempunyai
3    to tell           told            told           ~ing          mengatakan, menceritakan, menyuruh.
4    to own            owned           owned          ~ing          memiliki
5    to read           read            read           ~ing          membaca
6    to write          wrote           written        writing       menulis
7    to listen         listened        ~ed            ~ing          mendengarkan
8    to speak          spoke           spoken         ~ing          berbicara, pandai berbahasa
9    to say            said            said           ~ing          berkata, mengatakan
10   to ask            asked           ~ed            ~ing          bertanya, meminta, menyuruh
11   to answer         answered        ~ed            ~ing          menjawab
12   to borrow         borrowed        ~ed            ~ing          meminjam (dari)
13   to lend           lent            lent           ~ing          meminjamkan (kepada)
14   to give           gave            given          giving        memberi (kan)
15   to send           sent            sent           ~ing          mengirim, menyuruh
16   to repeat         repeated        ~ed            ~ing          mengulang
17   to buy            bought          bought         ~ing          membeli
18   to sell           sold            sold           ~ing          menjual
19   to present        presented       ~ed            ~ing          menyajikan (cerita, materi)
20   to wait (for)     waited          ~ed            ~ing          menunggu



       Communicative English Course                                                               33
16 Tenses In English


21   to see           saw             seen         ~ing          melihat, bertemu, berkenalan
22   to visit         visited         ~ed          ~ing          mengunjungi
23   to invite        invited         ~ed          inviting      mengundang, mengajak
24   to reject        rejected        ~ed          ~ing          menolak
25   to refuse        refused         ~ed          refusing      menolak (tawaran, ajakan)
26   to inprove       improved        ~ed          improving     memperbaiki, meningkatkan
27   to avoid         avoided         ~ed          ~ing          menghindari (kan)
28   to deny          denied          denied       ~ing          menyangkal, mambantah
29   to arrange       arranged        ~ed          arranging     menyusun, mengatur, merencanakan
30   to plan          planned         ~ned         ~ing          merencanakan
31   to make          made            made         making        membuat, menyebabkan
32   to build         buit            built        ~ing          membangun, mendirikan
33   to burry         burried         burried      ~ing          menguburkan
34   to scold         scolded         ~ed          ~ing          memarahi
35   to rebuke        rebuked         ~d           rebuking      memarahi
36   to bribe         bribed          ~d           bribing       menyuap, menyogok
37   to attack        attacked        ~ed          ~ing          menyerang
38   to defend        defended        ~ed          ~ing          mempertahankan
39   to enforce       enforced        ~d           enforcing     memaksa, memberlakukan
40   to learn         learnt          learnt       ~ing          belajar
41   to study         studied         studied      ~ing          mempelajari
42   to copy          copied          copied       ~ing          menyalin
43   to compose       composed        ~d           composing     menyusun, mengarang
44   to review        reviewed        ~ed          ~ing          mengulang kembali
45   to interview     intervived      ~ed          ~ing          mewawancarai
46   to repair        repaired        ~ed          ~ing          mereparasi
47   to know          knew            known        ~ing          mengetahui, tahu, kenal
48   to understand    understood      understood   ~ing          mengerti
49   to take          took            taken        taking        mengambil, mengantarkan
50   to eat           ate             eaten        ~ing          makan
51   to drink         drank           drunk        ~ing          minum
52   to substitute    ~d              ~d           subtituting   mengganti
53   to succeed       ~ed             ~d           ~ing          berhasil, menggantikan



       Communicative English Course                                                             34
16 Tenses In English


54   to devide        ~d              ~d          dividing     membagi
55   to nominate      ~d              ~d          nominating   mencalonkan
56   to cook          ~ed             ~ed         ~ing         memasak
57   to receive       ~d              ~d          receiving    menerima
58   to believe       ~d              ~d          believing    percaya
59   to agree         ~d              ~d          ~ing         setuju
60   to disagree      ~d              ~d          ~ing         tidak setuju
61   to propose       ~d              ~d          proposing    mengusulkan
62   to oppose        ~d              ~d          opposing     menentang, melawan
63   to predict       ~ed             ~ed         ~ing         meramalkan
64   to let           ~ed             ~ed         ~ting        membiarkan, mengijinkan
65   to put           ~ed             ~ed         ~ting        meletakkan
66   to cut           ~ed             ~ed         ~ting        memotong
67   to continue      ~d              ~d          ~ing         meneruskan, melanjutkan
68   to draw          drew            drawn       ~ing         menggambar, menarik
69   to think         thought         thought     ~ing         berpikir, berpendapat
70   to express       ~ed             ~ed         ~ing         menyatakan, mengutarakan
71   to prove         ~d              ~d          proving      membuktikan
72   to remember      ~ed             ~ed         ~ing         ingat
73   to remind        ~ed             ~ed         ~ing         mengingatkan
74   to warn          ~ed             ~ed         ~ing         memperingatkan
75   to memorize      ~d              ~d          memorizing   mengingat-ingat, menghafal
76   to forget        forgot          forgotten   ~ting        melupakan
77   to admire        ~d              ~d          admiring     mengagumi, memuji
78   to praise        ~d              ~d          praising     memuji
79   to insult        ~ed             ~ed         ~ing         menghina
80   to submit        ~ted            ~ted        ~ting        menyerahkan
81   to report        ~ed             ~ed         ~ing         melaporkan
82   to open          ~ed             ~ed         ~ing         membuka
83   to shut          ~ed             ~ed         ~ting        menutup
84   to close         ~d              ~d          closing      menutup
85   to mark          ~ed             ~ed         ~ing         manandai, memberi tanda
86   to weigh         ~ed             ~ed         ~ing         menimbang



       Communicative English Course                                                         35
16 Tenses In English


87    to measure            ~d                  ~d                measuring     mengukur
88    to evaluate           ~d                  ~d                evaluating    mengevaluasi
89    to taste              ~d                  ~d                tasting       mencicipi, merasa (dengan lidah)
90    to hold               held                held              ~ing          memegang, mengadakan
91    to touch              ~ed                 ~ed               ~ing          menyentuh, meraba
92    to teach              taught              taught            ~ing          mengajar
93    to return             ~ed                 ~ed               ~ing          mengembalikan
94    to reply              replied             replied           ~ing          menjawab
95    to pay                ~ed                 ~ed               ~ing          membayar
96    to calculate          ~d                  ~d                calculating   menghitung
97    to throw              threw               thrown            ~ing          melempar
98    to hit                ~ed                 ~ed               ~ting         memukul
99    to beat               ~ed                 ~ed               ~ing          memukul
100   to bite               bit                 beaten            ~ing          menggigit
101   to hide               hid                 hid               hiding        bersembunyi
102   to serve              ~d                  ~d                serving       melayani, menghidangkan
103   to explain            ~ed                 ~ed               ~ing          menerangkan
104   to interpret          ~ed                 ~ed               ~ing          menafsirkan
105   to predict            ~ed                 ~ed               ~ing          meramalkan
106   to activate           ~d                  ~d                activating    mengaktifkan, menggiatkan
107   to motivate           ~d                  ~d                motivating    memotivasi, menggerakan
Note : tanda ~ (tilde), ialah tanda yang berarti Kata Dasar (Infinitive)
       Contoh : to work ……~ ed = worked // ~ ing = working, dst.
       “to” pada Infinitive, tidak dipakai sebagai predikat dalam suatu kalimat (Lihat Rumus)




         Communicative English Course                                                                        36

Contenu connexe

Tendances

Trabajo de inigles la guia final
Trabajo de inigles la guia finalTrabajo de inigles la guia final
Trabajo de inigles la guia finalkarlaralvizo
 
Gerund infinitive exercises_key
Gerund infinitive exercises_keyGerund infinitive exercises_key
Gerund infinitive exercises_keyCalisto y Melibea
 
แผนการเขียน
แผนการเขียนแผนการเขียน
แผนการเขียนKathy Promson
 
Lesson plan - unit 8: Story of my village - language focus
Lesson plan - unit 8: Story of my village - language focusLesson plan - unit 8: Story of my village - language focus
Lesson plan - unit 8: Story of my village - language focusNgoc Dang
 
trabalho sobre Present Continuous
trabalho sobre Present Continuous trabalho sobre Present Continuous
trabalho sobre Present Continuous Elcio Tavares
 
3 англ ростоцька_карп`юк_2013_укр
3 англ ростоцька_карп`юк_2013_укр3 англ ростоцька_карп`юк_2013_укр
3 англ ростоцька_карп`юк_2013_укрAira_Roo
 
Top 10-great-grammar-for-great-writing-answer-key-40p
Top 10-great-grammar-for-great-writing-answer-key-40pTop 10-great-grammar-for-great-writing-answer-key-40p
Top 10-great-grammar-for-great-writing-answer-key-40pmohsen1394
 
Heath u09 past_tensecontinuouspp
Heath u09 past_tensecontinuousppHeath u09 past_tensecontinuouspp
Heath u09 past_tensecontinuouspprenaeheath
 
Solutions pre-int 1ed tests
Solutions pre-int 1ed testsSolutions pre-int 1ed tests
Solutions pre-int 1ed testsThoi Lieu
 
Capitulo 2
Capitulo 2Capitulo 2
Capitulo 2hasv31
 
Positive sentences
Positive sentencesPositive sentences
Positive sentencesEunilion
 
Self marking for stellar ws 5-8
Self marking for stellar ws 5-8Self marking for stellar ws 5-8
Self marking for stellar ws 5-8abelkok
 
Timeout unit1 2011
Timeout unit1 2011Timeout unit1 2011
Timeout unit1 2011melisa
 
Lesson plan simple present areli
Lesson plan simple present areliLesson plan simple present areli
Lesson plan simple present areliJulie Gloss
 

Tendances (19)

Trabajo de inigles la guia final
Trabajo de inigles la guia finalTrabajo de inigles la guia final
Trabajo de inigles la guia final
 
Gerund infinitive exercises_key
Gerund infinitive exercises_keyGerund infinitive exercises_key
Gerund infinitive exercises_key
 
แผนการเขียน
แผนการเขียนแผนการเขียน
แผนการเขียน
 
Language focus
Language focusLanguage focus
Language focus
 
Lesson plan - unit 8: Story of my village - language focus
Lesson plan - unit 8: Story of my village - language focusLesson plan - unit 8: Story of my village - language focus
Lesson plan - unit 8: Story of my village - language focus
 
trabalho sobre Present Continuous
trabalho sobre Present Continuous trabalho sobre Present Continuous
trabalho sobre Present Continuous
 
3 англ ростоцька_карп`юк_2013_укр
3 англ ростоцька_карп`юк_2013_укр3 англ ростоцька_карп`юк_2013_укр
3 англ ростоцька_карп`юк_2013_укр
 
Publication
PublicationPublication
Publication
 
Top 10-great-grammar-for-great-writing-answer-key-40p
Top 10-great-grammar-for-great-writing-answer-key-40pTop 10-great-grammar-for-great-writing-answer-key-40p
Top 10-great-grammar-for-great-writing-answer-key-40p
 
Heath u09 past_tensecontinuouspp
Heath u09 past_tensecontinuousppHeath u09 past_tensecontinuouspp
Heath u09 past_tensecontinuouspp
 
Solutions pre-int 1ed tests
Solutions pre-int 1ed testsSolutions pre-int 1ed tests
Solutions pre-int 1ed tests
 
Turkish Language Courses 1 (A1)
Turkish Language Courses 1 (A1)Turkish Language Courses 1 (A1)
Turkish Language Courses 1 (A1)
 
Used to
Used toUsed to
Used to
 
Lesson plan-kidnapped (1) (writing acivities)
Lesson plan-kidnapped (1)  (writing acivities)Lesson plan-kidnapped (1)  (writing acivities)
Lesson plan-kidnapped (1) (writing acivities)
 
Capitulo 2
Capitulo 2Capitulo 2
Capitulo 2
 
Positive sentences
Positive sentencesPositive sentences
Positive sentences
 
Self marking for stellar ws 5-8
Self marking for stellar ws 5-8Self marking for stellar ws 5-8
Self marking for stellar ws 5-8
 
Timeout unit1 2011
Timeout unit1 2011Timeout unit1 2011
Timeout unit1 2011
 
Lesson plan simple present areli
Lesson plan simple present areliLesson plan simple present areli
Lesson plan simple present areli
 

En vedette

PresentacióN Uk2
PresentacióN Uk2PresentacióN Uk2
PresentacióN Uk2lasaldeas
 
Ph power point 22 1-2011
Ph power point 22 1-2011Ph power point 22 1-2011
Ph power point 22 1-2011jmblasi
 
HR PREPAREDNESS- TO OPERATE GLOBALLY
HR PREPAREDNESS- TO OPERATE GLOBALLYHR PREPAREDNESS- TO OPERATE GLOBALLY
HR PREPAREDNESS- TO OPERATE GLOBALLYMd. Shanjidul Bari
 
Social media at Nabs UK
Social media at Nabs UKSocial media at Nabs UK
Social media at Nabs UKFarhan Lalji
 
Where Does IA Fit in the Design Process - Larisa Warnke
Where Does IA Fit in the Design Process - Larisa WarnkeWhere Does IA Fit in the Design Process - Larisa Warnke
Where Does IA Fit in the Design Process - Larisa WarnkePeter Boersma
 
Chi ha incastrato le creative commons
Chi ha incastrato le creative commonsChi ha incastrato le creative commons
Chi ha incastrato le creative commonsLuca Sartoni
 
Women In American History
Women In American HistoryWomen In American History
Women In American Historyjaloisi
 
Manual practico abc_agricultura_organica
Manual practico abc_agricultura_organicaManual practico abc_agricultura_organica
Manual practico abc_agricultura_organicaJosé Daniel Rojas Alba
 

En vedette (11)

PresentacióN Uk2
PresentacióN Uk2PresentacióN Uk2
PresentacióN Uk2
 
Ph power point 22 1-2011
Ph power point 22 1-2011Ph power point 22 1-2011
Ph power point 22 1-2011
 
Presentation
PresentationPresentation
Presentation
 
HR PREPAREDNESS- TO OPERATE GLOBALLY
HR PREPAREDNESS- TO OPERATE GLOBALLYHR PREPAREDNESS- TO OPERATE GLOBALLY
HR PREPAREDNESS- TO OPERATE GLOBALLY
 
Dresden
DresdenDresden
Dresden
 
Social media at Nabs UK
Social media at Nabs UKSocial media at Nabs UK
Social media at Nabs UK
 
Where Does IA Fit in the Design Process - Larisa Warnke
Where Does IA Fit in the Design Process - Larisa WarnkeWhere Does IA Fit in the Design Process - Larisa Warnke
Where Does IA Fit in the Design Process - Larisa Warnke
 
Photoshop
PhotoshopPhotoshop
Photoshop
 
Chi ha incastrato le creative commons
Chi ha incastrato le creative commonsChi ha incastrato le creative commons
Chi ha incastrato le creative commons
 
Women In American History
Women In American HistoryWomen In American History
Women In American History
 
Manual practico abc_agricultura_organica
Manual practico abc_agricultura_organicaManual practico abc_agricultura_organica
Manual practico abc_agricultura_organica
 

Similaire à 15803659 16 Tenses In English

16 tenses-in-english-1229009486332670-1
16 tenses-in-english-1229009486332670-116 tenses-in-english-1229009486332670-1
16 tenses-in-english-1229009486332670-1Eq Van Btk
 
16 tenses-in-english-1229009486332670-1
16 tenses-in-english-1229009486332670-116 tenses-in-english-1229009486332670-1
16 tenses-in-english-1229009486332670-1Matoom Marita
 
Unit 4 For a Better Community Lesson 2 Language (1).pptx
Unit 4 For a Better Community Lesson 2 Language (1).pptxUnit 4 For a Better Community Lesson 2 Language (1).pptx
Unit 4 For a Better Community Lesson 2 Language (1).pptxssuser12b583
 
present perfect continuous tense
present perfect continuous tensepresent perfect continuous tense
present perfect continuous tenseanastanindya
 
Business English RH LECTURE 1.pdf
Business English RH LECTURE 1.pdfBusiness English RH LECTURE 1.pdf
Business English RH LECTURE 1.pdfRabiaaZergErras1
 
002- Simple Present + Past Simple + Future Simple..pptx
002- Simple Present + Past Simple + Future Simple..pptx002- Simple Present + Past Simple + Future Simple..pptx
002- Simple Present + Past Simple + Future Simple..pptxKarimBoudjebbour1
 
LL Lower Pri B - Tenses and Aspects of Simple and Continuous Verb Forms
LL Lower Pri B - Tenses and Aspects of Simple and Continuous Verb FormsLL Lower Pri B - Tenses and Aspects of Simple and Continuous Verb Forms
LL Lower Pri B - Tenses and Aspects of Simple and Continuous Verb FormsDesignlab Innovation
 
Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continiuous
Present Perfect and Present Perfect ContiniuousPresent Perfect and Present Perfect Continiuous
Present Perfect and Present Perfect ContiniuousFelicia Jessica
 
Verb tenses english- M. van Eijk
Verb tenses english- M. van EijkVerb tenses english- M. van Eijk
Verb tenses english- M. van EijkZadkine
 
Pert 3 Present Tense
Pert 3 Present TensePert 3 Present Tense
Pert 3 Present TensePutu Mardika
 
Lecture4 6 19541-tenses
Lecture4 6 19541-tensesLecture4 6 19541-tenses
Lecture4 6 19541-tensesBasit Ashaie
 
12 tense-of-english
12 tense-of-english12 tense-of-english
12 tense-of-englishtayker
 
Present continuous
Present continuousPresent continuous
Present continuousSang Lê
 

Similaire à 15803659 16 Tenses In English (20)

16 tenses-in-english-1229009486332670-1
16 tenses-in-english-1229009486332670-116 tenses-in-english-1229009486332670-1
16 tenses-in-english-1229009486332670-1
 
16 tenses-in-english-1229009486332670-1
16 tenses-in-english-1229009486332670-116 tenses-in-english-1229009486332670-1
16 tenses-in-english-1229009486332670-1
 
Unit 4 For a Better Community Lesson 2 Language (1).pptx
Unit 4 For a Better Community Lesson 2 Language (1).pptxUnit 4 For a Better Community Lesson 2 Language (1).pptx
Unit 4 For a Better Community Lesson 2 Language (1).pptx
 
present perfect continuous tense
present perfect continuous tensepresent perfect continuous tense
present perfect continuous tense
 
grammar ppt
grammar pptgrammar ppt
grammar ppt
 
Present tense
Present tensePresent tense
Present tense
 
Business English RH LECTURE 1.pdf
Business English RH LECTURE 1.pdfBusiness English RH LECTURE 1.pdf
Business English RH LECTURE 1.pdf
 
Topic2 2
Topic2 2Topic2 2
Topic2 2
 
002- Simple Present + Past Simple + Future Simple..pptx
002- Simple Present + Past Simple + Future Simple..pptx002- Simple Present + Past Simple + Future Simple..pptx
002- Simple Present + Past Simple + Future Simple..pptx
 
LL Lower Pri B - Tenses and Aspects of Simple and Continuous Verb Forms
LL Lower Pri B - Tenses and Aspects of Simple and Continuous Verb FormsLL Lower Pri B - Tenses and Aspects of Simple and Continuous Verb Forms
LL Lower Pri B - Tenses and Aspects of Simple and Continuous Verb Forms
 
gerund o gerundio
gerund o gerundiogerund o gerundio
gerund o gerundio
 
English verb tenses
English verb tensesEnglish verb tenses
English verb tenses
 
Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continiuous
Present Perfect and Present Perfect ContiniuousPresent Perfect and Present Perfect Continiuous
Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continiuous
 
Verb tenses english- M. van Eijk
Verb tenses english- M. van EijkVerb tenses english- M. van Eijk
Verb tenses english- M. van Eijk
 
Pert 3 Present Tense
Pert 3 Present TensePert 3 Present Tense
Pert 3 Present Tense
 
MACAM-MACAM TENSES
MACAM-MACAM TENSESMACAM-MACAM TENSES
MACAM-MACAM TENSES
 
Tenses
Tenses Tenses
Tenses
 
Lecture4 6 19541-tenses
Lecture4 6 19541-tensesLecture4 6 19541-tenses
Lecture4 6 19541-tenses
 
12 tense-of-english
12 tense-of-english12 tense-of-english
12 tense-of-english
 
Present continuous
Present continuousPresent continuous
Present continuous
 

15803659 16 Tenses In English

  • 1. 16 Tenses In English CHAPTER I PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE 1.1 THE USE OF PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE We use The Present Continuous Tense when we talk about something which is happening at the time of speaking. Example : Please don’t make so much noise. I’m studying. We also use The Present Continuous Tense when we talk about something which is happening around the time of speaking, but not necessarily exactly at the time of speaking. Example : Silvia is learning English at the moment. We often use the Present Continuous when we talk about a period around the present. Example :You’re working hard today. Yes, I have a lot of to do We use the present continuous when we talk about the changing situation. Example : The population without jobs is increasing very fast. 1.2. THE ADVERBS OF TIME USED The adverbs of time used in Present Continous tense are “NOW, RIGHT NOW, TOMORROW,ETC 1.3. THE PATTERN OF PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE The patterns of Present continous tense consist of : 1.3.A. Positive Pattern S + am/is/are + Verb 4…………………………………………….Now S + sedang + 4……………………………………..sekarang Examples : 1. I am studying English now. 2. We are going to Jakarta tomorrow (akan) 3. You are singing now. 4. He is making a cake now. 5. she is sewing a shirt now. Communicative English Course 1
  • 2. 16 Tenses In English 6. They are playing football in the field now. 7. Tom and Ani are doing their homework tomorrow. 8. The students are doing sport now. 1.3.b The Negative Pattern S + am/is/are + Not + Verb 4…………………………………… Now S + tidak sedang + 4 …………………………………….sekarang Example : 1. I am not studying now 2. He is not sleeping now 3. My father is not watching television now. 4. we aren’t going to Jakarta Tomorrow. 1.3.c. The Interrogative Pattern Am/Is/Are + S + Verb 4…………………………………………..Now? Apakah + S + sedang + 4…………………………sekarang ? Examples : 1. Are you studying English now ? Yes, I am/ No, I am not 2. Is he eating fried rice now? Yes, he is/ No, he isn’t 3. Is your father working in the office now? Yes, He is/No, He isn’t 1.3.d. Qusetion-word Pattern QW + Am/Is/Are + S + Verb 4…………………………………...Now? QW + yang + S + 4……………………………………..sekarang? Examples : 1. what are you doing now ? studying 2. Where is he studying English now ? at school EXERCISE I : Translate these sentences into English. 1. Jack sedang tidur sekarang 2. Mary sedang mengerjakan tugas itu 3. Kami sedang menonton sebuah film di televisi 4. Mereka sedang bermain bola di halaman sekarang 5. Guru itu sedang menerangkan pelajaran itu. 6. Perusahaan itu sedang tumbuh dengan pesat sekarang. 7. Harga saham di bursa Efek Jakarta sedang naik sekarang 8. Pak Adi sedang mengajar bahasa Inggris di kampus sekarang 9. Polisi tersebut sedang mencari Ali sekarang. 10. Ana, Ani, dan Tom sedang berdiskusi sekarang. Communicative English Course 2
  • 3. 16 Tenses In English EXERCISE 2 : Change the following sentences into (+), (-), and (?) 1. They are speaking English now. 2. We are not reading now. 3. Is your mother frying rice now? No, she isn’t. 4. What is your father looking at now ? a picture. 5. He is watching “Plan to kill” on TV now. 6. The teacher is not explaining tenses to the students now. 7. Is Maradona playing football in Argentina Now? EXERCISE 3 : Write questions by using question words based on the underlined words in the following sentences. 1. John is eating a plate of rice in the dining room now. 2. The cat is eating fried chicken in the kitchen now. 3. Tom and Jerry are quarrelling about food now. 4. My father is teaching Biology at school now. EXERCISE 4 : Answer the following questions with your own words. 1. Are you studying English now ? 2. Is your father reading a newspaper now? 3. Is your mother sewing a shirt now? 4. Are They singing a song at home now? 5. Is Mr.Adi teaching English at school now? 6. What is your mother doing now? 7. What is your brother doing now? EXERCISE 5 : Write sentences by using the following verbs Writing, speaking, sewing, growing, discussing, doing, hunting,eating, drinking, dancing, singing, making, building, teaching, explaining, talking, watching, shopping, sleeping, typing, driving, riding, training, working Communicative English Course 3
  • 4. 16 Tenses In English CHAPTER 2 PAST TENSE 2.1. The Use of Simple Past Tense We use the past simple to talk about actions or situations in the past. 2.2. The Adverbs of time used The adverbs of time used in this tense are Yesterday, last….., a week ago, this morning , last night, yesterday morning, yesterweek, yestermonth, yesteryear, etc. 2.3. The Patterns of Simple Past Tense 2.3.1. The Positive Pattern S + Verb 2…………………………………………………… Yesterday S + 2………………………………………………….. Examples : 1. John saw a crocodile in the river yesterday. 2. We studied English here last week. 3. They played football in the field yesteryear 2.3.2. The Negative Pattern S + didn’t + Verb 1…………………………………… ……..Yesterday S + tidak + 1…………………………………kemarin Examples : 1. John didn’t see a crocodile in the river yesterday. 2. We didn’t study here last week. 3. They didn’t play football in the field yesteryear. 2.3.3. The Interrogative Pattern Did + S + Verb 1……………………………………………..Yesterday? Apakah + S + 1…………………………………………kemarin? Examples: 1. Did John see a crocodile in the river yesterday ? Yes, he did/No, he didn’t 2. Did you study here last week ? Yes, we did/ No, we didn’t Communicative English Course 4
  • 5. 16 Tenses In English 3. Did they play football in the field yesteryear? Yes, they did/No, they didn’t 2.3.4. The Question-word Pattern QW + did + S + Verb 1……………………………….………Yesterday? Qw + yang + S + 1…………………………………….? Examples: 1. What did John see in the river yesterday ? a crocodile 2. When did John see a crocodile in the river? yesterday QW + Verb 2……………………………….………Yesterday? S + did QW + 2……………………………..? Examples : 1. Who saw a crocodile in the river yesterday ? John did 2. What grew in the rice-field last year? A coconut tree did EXERCISE I : Translate these sentences into English ! 1. Kami menjual mobil kami kemarin 2. Apakah kamu pergi ke luar tadi malam ? 3. Dia tidak datang ke pesta itu minggu lalu 4. Apakah kamu tidur nyenyak tadi malam ? 5. Kami menjual rumah kami di Jakarta tahun lalu. 6. Manajer pemasaran tersebut melakukan penelitian minggu lalu. 7. Apakah perusahaan anda menjual kursi tahun lalu ? Ya. 8. Kapan anda menjalankan usaha anda di Jakarta ? tahun lalu 9. Siapa yang membuat kue itu kemarin ? ibu saya. 10. Apa yang jatuh di jalan kemarin ? Tas saya. EXERCISE II. Change the following sentences into (+), (-), ( ?), Present Continous Tense. 1. Communicative English Course 5
  • 6. 16 Tenses In English 3. PRESENT FUTURE TENSE We often use will in this situation: Offering to do something: e.g. That bag looks heavy. I’ll help with it. Agreeing and refusing to do something: e.g. I’ve asked john to help me but he won’t Promising to do something. e.g. I will come to your house tonight. I promise. Asking someone to do something. Will you close the window,please! The pattern : S + will/shall + Verb 1…………………………………… Tomorrow S + won’t/shan’t + Verb 1…………………… ………… Tomorrow Will/Shall + S + Verb 1………………………………….. Tomorrow? QW + will/shall + S + Verb 1…………………….………Tomorrow? We often use will to be going to when we say what we have already decided to do, what we intend to do in the future. e.g. A:There’s a film on television tonight. Are you going to watch it? B: No, I am too tired. I am going to have an early night. The pattern : S + am/is/are + going to + Verb 1…………………………………… S +am/is/are + not + going to + Verb 1…………………… ………… Am/is/are + S + going to + Verb 1………………………………….. .? QW + am/is/are + S + going to + verb 1…………………………… ..? Communicative English Course 6
  • 7. 16 Tenses In English 4. PRESENT TENSE Present Tense is used to talk about something in general. And it is also used to talk about something which is happened repeatedly or habituallly activities. e.g. + The earth goes round the sun - The earth doesn’t go round the sun ? Does the earth go round the sun ? + I get up at 8 o’clock every morning - I don’t get up at 8 o’clock every morning ? Do you get up at 8 o’clock very morning? The pattern : S + Verb 1 (s/es)…………………………………… Everyday/today S + don’t/doesn’t + Verb 1…………………… ……Everyday/today Do/Does + S + Verb 1………………………………Everyday/today? QW + Do/does + S + Verb 1…………………….…Everyday/today? We use the present simple when wse say how often we do things: e.g. How often do you go to the dentist ? Mary doesn’t often drink tea. Communicative English Course 7
  • 8. 16 Tenses In English 5. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE We use past continuous Tense to say that someone was in the middle of doing something at a certain time. The action or situation had already started before this time but hadn’t finished: This time last year I was living in Brazil We often use the past continuous Tense and the past simple together to say that something happened in the middle of something else: When I was working in the garden, I hurt my back. The pattern : S + was/were + verb 4………………….When + s + Verb 2…….…… S + was/were + not + Verb 4…………….When + s + Verb 2………… Was/were + S + verb 4…………………. When + s + Verb 2 ……. ….? QW + was/were + S + verb 4……………When + s + Verb 2 …………? e.g. + She was cooking rice when Tom came yesterday - She wasn’t cooking rice when Tom came yesterday ? Was she cooking rice when Tom came yesterday ? Communicative English Course 8
  • 9. 16 Tenses In English 6. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE We often use the present perfect Tense to give new information or to announce recent happening: e.g. Do you know about Mary ? She’s gone to Jakarta. We can use the Present Perfect Tense with already to say that something has happened sooner than expected : e.g. Don’t forget to post this letter, will you? I’ve already posted it. We can use the Present Perfect Tense with just (= a short time ago) e.g. Would you like something to eat? ‘No, thanks. I’ve just had lunch’. We talk about a period of time that continuous up to the present, we use the present perfect. e.g. Dave: Have you travelled a lot, Nora? Nora: Yes, I have been to 47 different countries. We often use ever and never with the present perfect: e.g. have you ever eaten caviar? We have never had a car. We have to use present perfect Tense with This is the first time…, It the first time… e.g. This is the first time he has driven a car. (not drives) We often use the present perfect with yet. Yet shows that the speaker is expecting something to happen. Use yet only in questions and negative sentences: e.g. Has it stopped raining yet ? (not ‘did it stop’). The pattern: S + have/has + verb 3……………………….etc S + haven’t/hasn’t + Verb 3…………….….etc Have/has + S + verb 3………………….. ….etc? QW + have/has + S + verb 3………………..etc? Communicative English Course 9
  • 10. 16 Tenses In English 7. PAST PERFECT TENSE We use the Past perfect to say that something had already happened before this time : Example : - When I arrived at the party, Tom had already gone home - When I got home, I found that someone had broken into my flat and had stolen my fur coat. - George didn’t want to come to the cinema with us because he had already seen the film twice. - It was my first time in an aeroplane. I was very nervous because I hadn’t flown before. The pattern: S + had + verb 3…………when/before S + V2 S + hadn’t + Verb 3……… when/before S + V2 Had + S + verb 3………… when/before S + V2 ? QW + had + S + verb 3……… when/before S + V2 ? Translate these sentences into English ! 1. Rumah itu sangat sunyi ketika saya tiba. Semua orang sudah pergi tidur. 2. Saya merasa sangat lelah ketika saya pulang, jadi saya langsung pergi tidur 3. Saya tidak lapar, saya baru saja makan siang. 4. To tidak bearada di rumah ketika saya tiba. Dia baru saja keluar. Communicative English Course 10
  • 11. 16 Tenses In English 8. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE S + have/has + been + verb 4…………etc S + haven’t/hasn’t + been + verb 4……etc Have/has + S + been + verb 4……….etc ? QW + have/has + S + been + verb 4…etc ? Example : - Pelajar pelajar tengah menyanyi sejak pagi ini + The students have been singing since this morning - The students haven’t been singing since this morning ? Have the students been singing since this morning ? Translate these sentences into English ! 1. Hari sudah hujan selama dua jam 2. Berapa lama kamu sudah belajar bahasa inggris ? 3. Saya sudah menonton acara TV tersebut sejak dua jam 4. Dia (pr) sudah bermain tenis sejak dia berumur 8 tahun 5. Berapa lama kamu suah merokok ? 6. Mereka sudah bermain PS selama tiga jam Communicative English Course 11
  • 12. 16 Tenses In English 9. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE S + had been + verb 4…………when S + V2 S + hadn’t been + Verb 4……… when S + V2 Had + S + been + verb 4………… when S + V2 ? QW + had + S + been + verb 4……… when S + V2 ? Example : - Mereka tengah mengerjakan PR ketika saya datang kemarin + They had been doing the homework when I came yesterday - They hadn’t been doing the homework when I came yesterday ? Had they been doing the homework when I came yesterday ? Translate these sentences into English ! 1. Mereka sudah bermain bola selama satu jam ketika ada petir yang menakutkan 2. Ken sudah merokok selama 30 tahun ketika akhirnya dia berhenti 3. Orkestra itu sudah bermain selama sepuluh menit ketika seorang laki laki berteriak 4. Saya sudah mengetik selama tiga puluh menit ketika listrik itu padam 5. Mereka sudah tidur selama 6 jam ketika kebakaran itu terjadi Communicative English Course 12
  • 13. 16 Tenses In English 10. PRESENT FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE S + will be + Verb 4 + O + at…………..o’clock S + won’t be + Verb 4 + O + at………..o’clock Will + S + be + Verb 4 + O + at……….o’clock ? QW + will + S + be +Verb 4…………o’clock ? Example : - Kamu sedang akan pergi ke sekolah pukul 7 besok pagi + You will be going to school at seven o’clock tomorrow morning - You won’t be going to school at seven o’clock tomorrow morning ? Will you be going to school at seven o’clock tomorrow morning ? Translate these sentences into English ! 1. George sedang akan meninggalkan Indonesia pada pukul 9 besok pagi 2. Saya sedang akan menyelesaikan PR itu sore nanti 3. Dia (pr) sedang akan menonton acara di stadion tersebut nanti malam 4. Mereka sedang akan makan malam di restauran itu nanti malam 5. Para karyawan sedang akan menyelesaikan pekerjaan itu pukul 9 nanti malam Communicative English Course 13
  • 14. 16 Tenses In English 11. PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT TENSE S + will have + verb 3 + ……….by the end…… S + won’t have + Verb 3 + ………..by the end…. Will + S + have + Verb 3 + ………by the end…. ? QW + will + S + have +Verb 3 +…………by the end… ? Example : - Kita sudah akan tiba di Jakarta besok sore. + We will have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow afternoon - We won’t have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow afternoon ? Will we have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow afternoon ? Translate these sentences into English ! 1. John sudah akan selesai mengerjakan pekerjaanya menjelang akhir minggu ini 2. Menjelang minggu depan saya akan selesai membaca buku ini 3. Menjelang bulan depan dia akan membayar hutangnya 4. Kami sudah akan mendapat rumah baru menjelang akhir tahun ini Communicative English Course 14
  • 15. 16 Tenses In English 12. PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE S + will have been + verb 4………since………. S + won’t have been + verb 4…….since………. Will + S + have been + verb 4……since……….? QW + will + S + have been + verb 4….since…..? Example : - Mereka tengah akan belajar sejak pagi besok + They will have been studying since this morning - They won’t have been studying since this morning ? Will they have been studying since this morning ? Translate these sentences into English ! 1. Menjelang akhir tahun ini kami akan sudah mempelajari bahasa inggris selama tiga tahun 2. Menjelang hari natal saya akan sudah bekerja di kantor ini selama lima tahun 3. Menjelang liburan sekolah ini saya sudah mengikuti tes selama 5 kali 4. Menjelang hari raya idul fitri saya sudah akan dua kali pulang ke desa Communicative English Course 15
  • 16. 16 Tenses In English 13. PAST FUTURE TENSE S + would + V1…IF + S + verb 2………….etc S + wouldn’t + verb 1….+ object…………..etc Would + S + verb 1 ….+ object ……….…..etc ? Example : 1. Saya akan datang ANDAIKATA kamu mengundang saya I would come if you invited me 2. Tom akan melakukan perjalanan JIKAdia punya uang Tom would travel if he had more money Exercise : Translate these sentences into English! 1. Jika saya jadi kamu, saya tidak akan membeli rumah itu 2. Saya akan keluar jika hari tidak hujan 3. Jika saya kaya, saya akan membeli sebuah villa 4. Jika saya dapat berbicara bahasa inggris, saya akan pergi keluar negeri 5. Saya tidak akan keberatan tinggal di Amerika jika cuacanya bagus Communicative English Course 16
  • 17. 16 Tenses In English 14. PAST FUTURE CINTINUOUS TENSE S + would be + Verb 4……when S + verb 2……….etc S + wouldn’t + be + verb 4….when S + verb 2………etc Would + S + be + verb 4 ….. when S + verb 2……etc ? Example : - Sedianya mereka sedang akan pulang KETIKA kami datang + They would be going home when we came - They wouldn’t be going home when we came ? Would they be going home when we came ? Translate these sentences into English ! 1. Saya akan sedang menempuh ujian hari berikutnya pada waktu itu 2. Kami akan sedang membangun rumah itu pada waktu itu 3. Mereka sedang akan bermain babak kedua pada pertandingan sepakbola waktu itu. Communicative English Course 17
  • 18. 16 Tenses In English 15. PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE S + would have + verb 3…..IF + S + had + verb 3……. S + wouldn’t have + verb 3 ……object………..etc Would + S + have + verb 3 …….object………..etc ? Example : - Ia sudah akan menjadi presiden ANDAIKATA partainya menang dalam pemilihan umum. - He would have become a presiden if his party had won in general election Exercise : Translate these sentences into English! 1. Jika saya telah mengetahui bahwa kamu sakit, saya akan menemuimu 2. Tom tidak akan mengikuti ujian itu jika dia mengetahui bahwa soalnya akan begitu sulit. 3. Jika saya berjumpa dengan mu, saya akan mengatakan hello 4. Jika saya telah mengumpulakan uang, saya akan menikahi mu 5. Saya akan mengirim surat ini jika kamu telah selesai membuatmya Communicative English Course 18
  • 19. 16 Tenses In English 16. PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE S + would have + been + verb 4…..IF + S + had + verb 3……. S + wouldn’t have been + verb 4…….object…………etc Would + S + have been + verb 4.. …….object………..etc ? Example : - Sedianya rapat tengah akan dimulai sejak pagi ANDAIKATA walikota sudah datang tepat pada waktunya - The meeting would have been starting since this morning if Mayor had come on time. Exercise : Translate these sentences into English! 1. Sedianya concert itu tengah akan dimulai andaikata artis artis itu datang pada waktunya. 2. Sedianya saya tengah akan tidur andaikata mereka belum datang 3. Andaikata ayah saya telah selesai berbelanja, ibu saya akan memasak makanan itu Communicative English Course 19
  • 20. 16 Tenses In English 17. Abbreviation (singkatan) 1. I am = I’m 2. You are = You’re 3. We are = We’re 4. They are = They’re 5. He is = He’s 6. She is = She’s 7. It is = It’s 8. Will not = won’t 9. Would not = Wouldn’t 10. Do not = Don’t 11. Does not = Doesn’t 12. Did not = Didn’t 13. Is not = Isn’t 14. Are not = Aren’t 15. Was not = Wasn’t 16. Were not = Weren’t 17. Have not = Haven’t 18. Has not = Hasn’t 19. Had not = Hadn’t 20. Can not = Can’t 21. Could not = Couldn’t 22. Must not = Mustn’t 23. Should not = Shouldn’t 24. Might not = Mightn’t 25. May not = Mayn’t Communicative English Course 20
  • 21. 16 Tenses In English 18. PASSIVE VOICE (IN POSITIVE FORM) Penjelasan: 1. Kalimat pasif ialah suatu kalimat yang subjeknya dikenai oleh suatu perbuatan atau yang predikatnya berawalan di…/ ter… 2. Kata kerja yang digunakan harus kata kerja transitive, yaitu kata kerja yang bisa diikuti oleh suatu objek atau benda. 3. Rumus kalimat pasif dalam bahasa inggris adalah sebagai berikut: S + To be + V3…………………………………by… 4. To be berfungsi untuk menentukan Tenses dari suatu kalimat dan untuk membentuk awalan : di….atau: ter… 5. To be dapat dijabarkan dalam 16 Tenses (lihatlah 16 Tenses pada rumus kalimat aktif) Pelajarilah Rumus dibawah ini : 1. Present Future Tense: S + will be + V3…by… 2. Present Future Continuous Tense: S + will be + being + V3…by… 3. Present Future Perfect Tense: S + will have been + V3 4. Present Future Perfect Continuous Tense: S + will have been + being + V3…. 5. Simple Present Tense: S + am/is/are + V3… 6. Present Continuous Tense: S + am/is/are + being +V3… 7. Present Perfect Tense: S + have/has + been + V3 8. Present Perfect Continuous Tense: S + have been/has been +being +V3… 9. Past Perfect Tense: S + had been +V3… 10. Past Perfect Continuous Tense: S + had been + being + V3… 11. Simple Past Tense: S + Was/were + V3… 12. Past Continuous Tense: S + was/were + being + V3… Communicative English Course 21
  • 22. 16 Tenses In English 13. Past Future Tense: S + would be + V3… 14. Past Future Continuous Tense: S + would be being +V3… 15. Past Future Perfect Tense: S + would have been + V3… 16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense: S + would have been + being + V3… Penjelasan : 1. Kata kerja yang dipakai dalam kalimat pasif ialah V3 (bukan V1, V2, V4) 2. Tenses dalam kalimat pasifditentukan aleh bentuk To be nya 3. TO BE bisa terdiri dari: a. Satu kata saja (am/is/are/was/were) lihat nomor 5 dan 11. b. Dua kata(will be,have been, has been, had been, would be) lihat nomor1, 7, 9, 13. (am being-is being-are being-was being-were being) no. 6 dan no. 12. c. Tiga kata (will be being, will have been, have been being, has been being, had been being, would be being and would have been) lihat nomor 2, 3, 8, 10, 14 dan 15. d. Empat kata (will have been being dan would have been being ) no. 4 dan 16. 4. Being dalam kalimat pasif menunjukan: Continuous. Communicative English Course 22
  • 23. 16 Tenses In English 19. PASSIVE – VOICE IN NEGATIVE FORM 1. Present Future Tense S + Won’t be + V3……….(by him)……… = S tak akan di………………… Example : Engkau tak akan dimarahi olehnya. 2. Present Future Continuous Tense S + Won’t be + being + V3…(by them)…. = S tidak sedang akan di………. Example : Rapat tidak sedang akan dimulai oleh mereka pukul 9 besok pagi. 3. Present Future Perfect Tense S + Won’t have been + V3….(by her) = S belum akan di………… Example : Nasi belum akan dimasak olehnya sore ini 4. Present Future Perfect Continuous Tense S + Won’t have been + V3….(by the Bank)……… Example : Rumah itu belum lagi akan disita oleh Bank pada akhir tahun ini. 5. Simple Present Tense S + (am not/isn’t/aren’t) + V3….(by the Judge) Example : Pengacau-pengacau itu tidak dikenakan hukuman oleh Hakim. 6. Present Continuous Tense S + (am not/isn’t/aren’t) + being + V3… (by……) Example : Mobil saya tidak sedang direparasi sekarang 7. Present Perfect Tense S + (hasn’t/haven’t) + been + V3….(by ……..) Example : Saya belum diajak dalam percakapan bahasa Inggris oleh kawan- kawan saya. Communicative English Course 23
  • 24. 16 Tenses In English 8. Present Perfect Continuous Tense S + (hasn’t/haven’t) + been + being + V3…by….. Example : Korupsi masih belum diberantas oleh pemerintah sejak bertahun-tahun yang lalu. 9. Past Perfect Tense S + hadn’t been + V3…by….. Example : Tomy belum dituduh sebagai penghianat, sebelum Jaksa Agung terbunuh. 10. Past Perfect Continuous Tense S + hadn’t been + being + V3…(by……….) Example : Buchary masih belum dicalonkan Walikota, ketika otonomi dilimpahkan ke-propinsi. 11. Simple Past Tense S + (wasn’t/weren’t) + V3…(by……….) Example : Tindakan keras tidak dilakukan oleh pemerintah terhadap para koruptor. 12. Past Continuous Tense S + (wasn’t/weren’t) + V3…(by……….) Example : Pasien tidak sedang dioperasi ketika ia meninggal kemarin. • No. 13 s/d No. 16, hanya menambahkan kata Not, pada kata bantu yang pertama. Lihat pada 16 Tenses kalimat pasip bentuk berita. Communicative English Course 24
  • 25. 16 Tenses In English Note : Keterangan pelaku (by me, by us, by him, dst) dan keterangan waktu, bisa dipakai bila diperlukan. Tergantung kepada : kondisi dan situasi dari tiap kalimat yang diucapkan. 20. PASSIVE VOICE IN INTERROGATIVE 1. Present Future Tense Will + S + be + V3…(by..) few years from now ? = Yes/No,……… Example : Apakah Bahasa Inggris akan dipakai di Pontianak ? When + ……………………………… ? = Few years from now. 2. Present Future Continuous Tense Will + S + have been + V3…………… ? = Yes/No,………………... Example : Apakah rapat sedang akan diadakan pukul 9 besok ? What time + ………………... ? = At 9 o’clock. 3. Present Future Perfect Tense Will + S + have been + V3……………? = Yes/No,………………... Example : Apakah pekerjaanmu sudah akan diselesaikan sore ini ? What + …………………….. ? = Your job. 4. Present Future Perfect Continuous Tense Will + S + have been + being + V3………… ? = Yes/No,………………. Example : Apakah norma-norma hukum tengah akan diberlakukan sesudah negara bangkrut ? Why + …………………………... ? = Because none is hones in government. 5. Simple Present Tense (Am /Is/Are) + S + V3……………. ? = Yes/No,……………… Communicative English Course 25
  • 26. 16 Tenses In English Example : Apakah saya diminta untuk menemani kamu ? By whom + …………………………. ? = By our director. 6. Present Continuous Tense (Am/Is/Are ) + S + being + V3………. ? = Yes/No,………………... Example : Apakah penari-penari itu sedang dijemput sekarang ? Where + ……………………. ? = At the airport. 7. Present Perfect Tense (Has/Have) + S + been + V3 ………… ? = Yes/No,………………... Example : Sudahkah tiket-tiket itu dibeli olehmu ? How many tickets + ……….. ? = 5 tickets 8. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Has/Have) + S + been + being + V3………. ? = Yes/No,……………… Example : Apakah Budi tengah diopname di rumah sakit ? How long + …………………. ? = For 3 days. 9. Past Perfect Tense Had + S + been + V3………. ? = Yes/No,……………… Example : Apakah perampok-perampok itu sudah tertembak dikakinya sebelum mereka menyerahkan diri ? Who + ………………… ? = The robbers. 10. Past Perfect Continuous Tense Had + S + been + being + V3……………. ? = Yes/No,……………… Example : Apakah ia tengah diperbantukan sebelum kepada Departemen Pendidikan sebelum ia menjadi Menteri ? Communicative English Course 26
  • 27. 16 Tenses In English How long + …………………. ? = More than 3 year. 11. Simple Past Tense (Were/Was) + S + V3 …………. ? = Yes/No,……………… Example : Apakah masalah Tomy dibicarakan di DPR ? What + ………………………. ? = Tomy’s problem. 12. Past Continuous Tense (Were/Was) + S + being + V3………… ? = Yes/No,……………… Example : Apakah proyek perumahan sedang direncanakan di kota ini ketika saya ada di luar negeri tahun lalu ? By whom + ………………… ? = By the mayor. 13. Past Future Tense : Hanya mengubah : Will dengan Would dan keterangan waktu 14. Past Future Continuous Tense : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendiri) 15. Past Future Perfect Tense : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendri) 16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendiri) Communicative English Course 27
  • 28. 16 Tenses In English 21. CAUSATIVE Dengan HAVE Dan GET Fungsi : I. Menyuruh sesorang untuk mengerjakan sesuatu. II. Menyuruh agar sesuatu dikerjakan oleh orang lain. Bandingkanlah kalimat-kalimat berikut: 1. Tono mengecat rumahnya hari ini. 2. Rumah Tono dicat sendiri olehnya. 3. Tono menyuruh tukang cat mengecatkan rumahnya. 4. Tono mengecatkan rumahnya. Rumus-Rumus Causative: A. S + to have + someone + V1 + … etc Eg: 1. He has a mechanic repair his car today 2. He will have a mechanic repair his car tomorrow 3. He is having a mechanic ………etc now B. S + to have + something + Eg: 1. I had my tooth pulled out yesterday 2. Ali has had his hair cut since yesterday Note : Perubahan Tenses hanya terjadi pada kata kerja to have. (have (has) – had – had – having) C. S + to get + someone + to + V1 + … etc Communicative English Course 28
  • 29. 16 Tenses In English Eg : 1. He will get me to help him tomorrow 2. He doesn’t get me to come to his house today 3. He has get me to bring a dictionary D. S + to get + somthing + to + V3 + … etc Eg : 1. The girl gets her face made up (dihias) 2. I won’t get my hair cut short. 3. Budi is getting his tooth pulled out now Catatan penting : Something = (sth) = sesuatu benda Someone = (so) = seseorang (object): me, him, … One’s (kepunyaan) = my…, your…, her…, our…, their… Eg = example = contoh. (Eg = example gratia) Communicative English Course 29
  • 30. 16 Tenses In English THE 16 TENSES Perhatikan perubahan yang terjadi dari Rumus umum ke – TENSES TERTENTU: S + TO HAVE + SOME ONE + V1 + …DST 1. S + will + have + S.O + V1 + … 2. S + will + have had + S.O + V1 + … 3. S + have (has) + S.O + V1 + … 4. S + had + S.O + V1 + … 5. S + have + had + S.O + V1 + … has 6. S + had + had + S.O + V1 + … 7. S + will be + having + S.O + V1 + … 8. S + will + have been + having + S.O + V1 + … 9. S + (am, is, are) + V4 + S.O + V1 + … 10. S + (was, were) + V4 + S.O + V1 + … 11. S + (have been/has been) + having + S.O + V1 + … 12. S + had been + having + S.O + V1 + … 13. S + would + have + S.O + V1 + … 14. S + would be + having + S.O + V1 + … 15. S + would + have had + S.O + V1 + … 16. S + would + have been + having + S.O + … RENUNGKAN: 1. to have, adalah bentuk : Infinitive (=kata kerja pokok) yang berubah menurut Tenses tertentu. (dilahat 16 Tenses diatas). 2. S.O = Some One = adalah Object, dan bukan Subjek. Communicative English Course 30
  • 31. 16 Tenses In English Jadi: S.O, bisa menjadi = me, you, him, her, us, them. One’s = bisa menjadi : my, your, his, her, our, dsb S = (Subjek), seperti: I, You, He, She, We They, It, dan benda-benda lainnya. (T.V, Radio, Weather, the wind). 3. V1, dalam rumus diatas tidak berubah dalam segala bentuk kalimat dan bentuk Tenses apapun. V1, tetap V1, tidak ada perubahan. 4. V1 V2 V3 V4 have had had having PATTERN EXERCISE: TASK : Make free statements according to the PATTERNS (rumus) below: A. 1. S + didin’t have + me + V1 + … etc Eg : ………………………………………… 2. Do +S + have + Us + V1 ………….? Does Eg : ………………………………………… 3. QW + will + S + have + someone + V1 + … ? Eg : When ………………………………………….. 4. Who + has + someone +V1 + …… ? Eg : Who has ……………………………… 5. Have + someone + V1 + …… ! = suruhlah ……! Eg : …………………………………… B. 1. S + won’t have + one’s house + V3 + … etc Saya tidak akan mengecatkan rumahku. = ………………………………………… Do +S + have + something + V3 …… today ? 2. Does Communicative English Course 31
  • 32. 16 Tenses In English Apakah Budi mereparasikan mobilnya hari ini ? = ………………………………………………... ? 3. QW + did + S + have + something + V3 + … yesterday Dimana Evi mencabutkan giginya kemarin = ……………………………………………. 4. Who + will have + One’s + sth + V3 + …… ? Siapa yang akan berpoto ? = Who will have one’s picture taken ? One’s picture = seseorang yang belum diketahui. Communicative English Course 32
  • 33. 16 Tenses In English LIST OF TRANSITIVE – VERB Infinitive Past Present No (Kata Dasar) Past Tense Participle Participle The Meaning in Indonesian: V1 V2 V3 V4 1 to do did done ~ing mengerjkan, melakukan. 2 to have had had having mempunyai 3 to tell told told ~ing mengatakan, menceritakan, menyuruh. 4 to own owned owned ~ing memiliki 5 to read read read ~ing membaca 6 to write wrote written writing menulis 7 to listen listened ~ed ~ing mendengarkan 8 to speak spoke spoken ~ing berbicara, pandai berbahasa 9 to say said said ~ing berkata, mengatakan 10 to ask asked ~ed ~ing bertanya, meminta, menyuruh 11 to answer answered ~ed ~ing menjawab 12 to borrow borrowed ~ed ~ing meminjam (dari) 13 to lend lent lent ~ing meminjamkan (kepada) 14 to give gave given giving memberi (kan) 15 to send sent sent ~ing mengirim, menyuruh 16 to repeat repeated ~ed ~ing mengulang 17 to buy bought bought ~ing membeli 18 to sell sold sold ~ing menjual 19 to present presented ~ed ~ing menyajikan (cerita, materi) 20 to wait (for) waited ~ed ~ing menunggu Communicative English Course 33
  • 34. 16 Tenses In English 21 to see saw seen ~ing melihat, bertemu, berkenalan 22 to visit visited ~ed ~ing mengunjungi 23 to invite invited ~ed inviting mengundang, mengajak 24 to reject rejected ~ed ~ing menolak 25 to refuse refused ~ed refusing menolak (tawaran, ajakan) 26 to inprove improved ~ed improving memperbaiki, meningkatkan 27 to avoid avoided ~ed ~ing menghindari (kan) 28 to deny denied denied ~ing menyangkal, mambantah 29 to arrange arranged ~ed arranging menyusun, mengatur, merencanakan 30 to plan planned ~ned ~ing merencanakan 31 to make made made making membuat, menyebabkan 32 to build buit built ~ing membangun, mendirikan 33 to burry burried burried ~ing menguburkan 34 to scold scolded ~ed ~ing memarahi 35 to rebuke rebuked ~d rebuking memarahi 36 to bribe bribed ~d bribing menyuap, menyogok 37 to attack attacked ~ed ~ing menyerang 38 to defend defended ~ed ~ing mempertahankan 39 to enforce enforced ~d enforcing memaksa, memberlakukan 40 to learn learnt learnt ~ing belajar 41 to study studied studied ~ing mempelajari 42 to copy copied copied ~ing menyalin 43 to compose composed ~d composing menyusun, mengarang 44 to review reviewed ~ed ~ing mengulang kembali 45 to interview intervived ~ed ~ing mewawancarai 46 to repair repaired ~ed ~ing mereparasi 47 to know knew known ~ing mengetahui, tahu, kenal 48 to understand understood understood ~ing mengerti 49 to take took taken taking mengambil, mengantarkan 50 to eat ate eaten ~ing makan 51 to drink drank drunk ~ing minum 52 to substitute ~d ~d subtituting mengganti 53 to succeed ~ed ~d ~ing berhasil, menggantikan Communicative English Course 34
  • 35. 16 Tenses In English 54 to devide ~d ~d dividing membagi 55 to nominate ~d ~d nominating mencalonkan 56 to cook ~ed ~ed ~ing memasak 57 to receive ~d ~d receiving menerima 58 to believe ~d ~d believing percaya 59 to agree ~d ~d ~ing setuju 60 to disagree ~d ~d ~ing tidak setuju 61 to propose ~d ~d proposing mengusulkan 62 to oppose ~d ~d opposing menentang, melawan 63 to predict ~ed ~ed ~ing meramalkan 64 to let ~ed ~ed ~ting membiarkan, mengijinkan 65 to put ~ed ~ed ~ting meletakkan 66 to cut ~ed ~ed ~ting memotong 67 to continue ~d ~d ~ing meneruskan, melanjutkan 68 to draw drew drawn ~ing menggambar, menarik 69 to think thought thought ~ing berpikir, berpendapat 70 to express ~ed ~ed ~ing menyatakan, mengutarakan 71 to prove ~d ~d proving membuktikan 72 to remember ~ed ~ed ~ing ingat 73 to remind ~ed ~ed ~ing mengingatkan 74 to warn ~ed ~ed ~ing memperingatkan 75 to memorize ~d ~d memorizing mengingat-ingat, menghafal 76 to forget forgot forgotten ~ting melupakan 77 to admire ~d ~d admiring mengagumi, memuji 78 to praise ~d ~d praising memuji 79 to insult ~ed ~ed ~ing menghina 80 to submit ~ted ~ted ~ting menyerahkan 81 to report ~ed ~ed ~ing melaporkan 82 to open ~ed ~ed ~ing membuka 83 to shut ~ed ~ed ~ting menutup 84 to close ~d ~d closing menutup 85 to mark ~ed ~ed ~ing manandai, memberi tanda 86 to weigh ~ed ~ed ~ing menimbang Communicative English Course 35
  • 36. 16 Tenses In English 87 to measure ~d ~d measuring mengukur 88 to evaluate ~d ~d evaluating mengevaluasi 89 to taste ~d ~d tasting mencicipi, merasa (dengan lidah) 90 to hold held held ~ing memegang, mengadakan 91 to touch ~ed ~ed ~ing menyentuh, meraba 92 to teach taught taught ~ing mengajar 93 to return ~ed ~ed ~ing mengembalikan 94 to reply replied replied ~ing menjawab 95 to pay ~ed ~ed ~ing membayar 96 to calculate ~d ~d calculating menghitung 97 to throw threw thrown ~ing melempar 98 to hit ~ed ~ed ~ting memukul 99 to beat ~ed ~ed ~ing memukul 100 to bite bit beaten ~ing menggigit 101 to hide hid hid hiding bersembunyi 102 to serve ~d ~d serving melayani, menghidangkan 103 to explain ~ed ~ed ~ing menerangkan 104 to interpret ~ed ~ed ~ing menafsirkan 105 to predict ~ed ~ed ~ing meramalkan 106 to activate ~d ~d activating mengaktifkan, menggiatkan 107 to motivate ~d ~d motivating memotivasi, menggerakan Note : tanda ~ (tilde), ialah tanda yang berarti Kata Dasar (Infinitive) Contoh : to work ……~ ed = worked // ~ ing = working, dst. “to” pada Infinitive, tidak dipakai sebagai predikat dalam suatu kalimat (Lihat Rumus) Communicative English Course 36