Section 9

Section 9
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

INHALATION
HAZARD
6

THIS SECTION IS FOR DRIVERS WHO WILL HAUL
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS REQUIRING PLACARDS

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS/Section 9

SECTION 9: HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

THIS SECTION COVERS
• Overview and Procedures
• The Intent of the Regulations • Driver Responsibilities
• Communications Rules • Loading and Unloading
• Bulk Tank Loading, Unloading and Marking
• Driving and Parking Rules • Emergencies

Hazardous materials are products that pose a risk to health, safety and property during
transportation. The term often is shortened to HAZMAT, which you may see on road signs, or to HM
in government regulations. Hazardous materials include explosives, various types of gas, solids,
flammable and combustible liquid, and other materials. Because of the risks involved and the
potential consequences these risks impose, the handling of hazardous materials is very heavily
regulated by all levels of government.

The Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMR) are found in parts 171-180 of title 49 of the Code of
Federal Regulations. The common reference for these regulations is 49 CFR 171-180.

The Hazardous Materials Table in these regulations contains a list of these items. However, this list
is not all-inclusive. Whether or not a material is considered hazardous is based on its characteristics
and the shipper's decision on whether or not the material meets a definition of a hazardous material
in the regulations.

The regulations require vehicles transporting certain types or quantities of hazardous materials to
display diamond-shaped, square-on-point, warning signs called placards.

This section is designed to assist you in understanding your role and responsibilities in hauling
hazardous materials. Due to the constantly changing nature of government regulations, it is
impossible to guarantee absolute accuracy of the materials in this section. An up-to-date copy of the
complete regulations is essential for you to have. Included in these regulations is a complete
glossary of terms.

You must have a commercial driver's license (CDL) with a hazardous materials endorsement before
driving vehicles carrying hazardous materials which require placards. You must pass a written test
about the regulations and requirements and successfully complete a Federal Security Threat
Assessment to get this endorsement.

Everything you need to know to pass the written test is in this section. However, this is only a
beginning. Most drivers need to know much more on the job. You can learn more by reading and
understanding the federal and state rules applicable to hazardous materials as well as attending
hazardous materials training courses. These courses are usually offered by your employer, colleges
and universities, and various associations. You can get copies of the Federal Regulations (49 CFR)
through your local Government Printing Office bookstore and various industry publishers. Union or
company offices often have copies of the rules for driver use. Find out where you can get your own
copy to use on the job.
The regulations require training and testing for all drivers involved in transporting hazardous
materials. Your employer or a designated representative is required to provide this training and
testing. Hazardous materials employers are required to keep a record of that training on each
employee as long as the employee is working with hazardous materials and for 90 days thereafter.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS/Section 9 Page 9-1

The regulations require that hazardous materials employees be trained and tested at least once
every three years. A dated certificate of radioactive materials training must be carried by the driver.
The training must have occurred within the last two (2) years if the driver transports route
controlled radioactive materials.
Some locations require permits to transport certain explosives or bulk hazardous wastes. States and
counties also may require drivers to follow special hazardous materials routes. The Federal
Government may require permits or exemptions for special hazardous materials cargo such as
rocket fuel. Find out about permits, exemptions and special routes for places you drive.

9.1 OVERVIEW AND PROCEDURES
State and Federal law requires all commercial motor vehicle operators who transport Hazardous
Materials (HAZMAT) and wish to retain a HAZMAT endorsement (H or X endorsement on their
Commercial Driverʼs License) to take and pass the written English version of the HAZMAT
Knowledge Test before every renewal of their Commercial Driverʼs License (CDL).
Commercial drivers who pass a CDL with a HAZMAT endorsement will receive a “Hazardous
Material Recertification Notice “ (DL-746CD) approximately seven (7) months before their CDL
expiration date. This notice will act as your test authorization and should be taken with you when
you go to take the recertification test.

Commercial Drivers who wish to retain a HAZMAT endorsement on their CDL should visit the testing
location of their choice as soon as possible following receipt of the Recertification Notice. Effective
5/31/05, drivers renewing a CDL with a HAZMAT endorsement also need to successfully complete a
Federal Security Threat Assessment.

NOTE:
If an individual passes the HAZMAT re-test and the results are not credited to the driverʼs record
before they renew their CDL, the renewed CDL will not display an “H” or “X” endorsement. Should
this occur and a HAZMAT endorsement is needed, the driver MUST apply for a CDL HAZMAT
Learnerʼs Permit and complete the HAZMAT Knowledge Test to obtain the “H” or “X” endorsement.
Additional information is provided in the Hazardous Materials Endorsement Renewal Manual (Pub
288). This manual is available on our website at www.dmv.state.pa.us

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q. How often must I take and pass the HAZMAT test?
A. Prior to every CDL renewal, i.e., before the expiration date that is printed on your CDL.
Q. Will I be reminded when to take the HAZMAT Recertification Test?
A. Yes. The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation will mail HAZMAT Recertification Notices to
ALL individuals who have a HAZMAT endorsement on their CDL approximately seven (7)
months before the expiration date of their CDL.
Q. What happens if I lose or misplace my HAZMAT Recertification Notice?
A. A HAZMAT Recertification replacement letter can be obtained by contacting 1-800-932-4600.
The letter will serve as your test authorization.
Q. How many chances do I have to pass the HAZMAT Recertification test?
A. Like any other CDL test, you will be allowed to take the test three (3) times. If you fail the
recertification test the third time, you will be required to obtain a Learnerʼs Permit and take the
HAZMAT Knowledge Test.
Q. What happens if I do not pass the HAZMAT test by the expiration date of my CDL?
A. If you have not passed the HAZMAT test by the time your CDL expires, you will be decertified and
will not be allowed to operate a vehicle which transports hazardous materials until you obtain a
Learnerʼs Permit, and pass the HAZMAT Knowledge Test and Federal Security Threat Assessment.

Page 9-2 COMMERCIAL DRIVER'S MANUAL/Section 9

Q. Where do I go to take the written HAZMAT test?
A. The HAZMAT test can be taken at any CDL Knowledge Test site. A pamphlet listing test site
locations should be included with your HAZMAT Recertification Notice (DL-746CD).
Q. What does the Federal Security Threat Assessment consist of?
A. In general, CDL Drivers who apply for HAZMAT endorsement or renew their CDL with a
HAZMAT endorsement will be required to:
• Provide proof of US citizenship or appropriate immigration status at a PennDOT Driver
License Center
• Submit a Federal “Application for Security Threat Assessment” (Form DL-288, available on
PennDOTʼs Driver and Vehicle Services Website, www.dmv.state.pa.us)
• Pay in Federal fees, as indicated on the DL-288. The Federal fees will include a Federal
Security Threat Assessment fee (Federal criminal history background check) and a FBI
fingerprint fee.
• Have their fingerprints taken at a Pennsylvania State Police (PSP) Fingerprint Location
(a listing of locations is available on www.dmv.state.pa.us)
• Receive Federal clearance from TSA before being issued a HAZMAT endorsement
Additional information is available on PennDOTʼs Driver & Vehicle Services website,
www.dmv.state.pa.us
Q. How often must CDL HAZMAT drivers apply for the Federal Security Threat Assessment
and be fingerprinted?
A. Everytime a HAZMAT endorsement is intially issued or renewed.
Q. Will I have to take a driving test if I get a Learnerʼs Permit for HAZMAT?
A. No. You will only be required to take and pass the HAZMAT Written Knowledge test.

9.2 THE INTENT OF THE REGULATIONS

CONTAIN THE MATERIAL
Transporting hazardous materials can be risky. The regulations are intended to protect you, those
around you and the environment. They tell shippers how to package the materials safely and drivers
how to load, transport and unload the material. These are called quot;containment rules.quot;

COMMUNICATE THE RISK
To communicate the risk, shippers must warn drivers and others about the material's hazards. The
regulations require shippers to put hazard warning labels on packages, provide proper shipping
papers, emergency response information and placards. These items communicate the hazard to the
shipper, the carrier and the driver.

ASSURE SAFE DRIVERS AND EQUIPMENT
In order to get a hazardous materials endorsement on a CDL, you must pass a written test about
transporting hazardous materials. To pass the test, you must know how to:
• Identify what are hazardous materials.
• Safely load shipments.
• Properly placard your vehicle in accordance with the rules.
• Safely transport shipments.


Learn the rules and follow them. Following the rules reduces the risk of injury from hazardous
materials. Taking shortcuts by breaking rules is unsafe. Rule breakers can be fined and put in jail.
Inspect your vehicle before and during each trip. Law enforcement officers may stop and inspect
your vehicle. When stopped, they may check your shipping papers, vehicle placards, the hazardous
materials endorsement on your driver's license and your knowledge of hazardous materials.

9.3 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TRANSPORTATION–
WHO DOES WHAT

THE SHIPPER
• Sends products from one place to another by truck, rail, vessel or airplane.
• Uses the hazardous materials regulations to determine the product's:
- Proper Shipping name.
- Hazard class.
- Identification number.
- Correct packaging.
- Correct label and markings.
- Correct placards.
• Must package, mark and label the materials; prepare shipping papers; provide emergency
response information; and supply placards.
• Certify on the shipping paper that the shipment has been prepared according to the rules
(unless you are pulling cargo tanks supplied by you or your employer.)

THE CARRIER
• Takes the shipment from the shipper to its destination.
• Prior to transportation, checks that the shipper correctly described, marked, labeled and
otherwise prepared the shipment for transportation.
• Refuses improper shipments.
• Reports accidents and incidents involving hazardous materials to the proper government
agency.

THE DRIVER
• Makes sure the shipper has identified, marked and labeled the hazardous materials properly.
• Refuses leaking packages and shipments.
• Placards his vehicle when loading, if required.
• Safely transports the shipment without delay.
• Follows all special rules about transporting hazardous materials.
• Keeps hazardous materials shipping papers and emergency response information in the proper
place.


9.4 COMMUNICATION RULES

DEFINITIONS
Some words and phrases have special meanings when talking about hazardous materials. Some of
these may differ from meanings you are used to. The words and phrases in this section may be on
your test. The meanings of other important words are in the glossary at the end of this section.
A material's hazard class reflects the risks associated with it. There are 9 different hazard classes.
Figure 9.1 tells the exact meaning of each hazard class. The types of material included in these 9
classes are in the table below:

Class Division Name of Class Example
or Division

Figure 9-1
1 1.1 Mass Explosives Dynamite

Hazardous Materials
1.2 Projection Hazards Ammunition, Incendiaries, Flares

Hazard Class/Division
1.3 Mass Fire Hazards Display Fireworks

Table
1.4 Minor Hazards Ammunition
1.5 Very Insensitive Blasting Agents
1.6 Extremely Insensitive Explosive, Detonating Devices
2 2.1 Flammable Gases Propane
2.2 Non-Flammable Gases Helium
2.3 Poisonous/Toxic Gases Fluorine, Compressed
3 – Flammable Liquids Gasoline
4 4.1 Flammable Solids Ammonium Picrate, Wetted
4.2 Spontaneously Combustible White Phosphorous
4.3 Dangerous When Wet Sodium
5 5.1 Oxidizers Ammonium Nitrate
5.2 Organic Peroxides Organic Peroxide Type B, Solid
6 6.1 Poison (Toxic Material) Potassium Cyanide
6.2 Infectious Substances Infectious Substances
Effecting Animals, Anthrax Virus
7 – Radioactive Uranium
8 – Corrosives Battery Fluid
9 – Miscellaneous Hazardous Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Materials (PCB)
None – ORM-D (Other Regulated Food Flavorings, Medicines
Material - Domestic)
None – Combustible Liquids Fuel Oil

A shipping paper describes the hazardous materials being transported. Shipping orders, bills of
lading and manifests are all shipping papers. Figure 9-6 shows an example of shipping paper.


After an accident or hazardous materials spill or leak, you may be injured and unable to
communicate the hazards of the materials you are transporting. Firefighters and police can prevent
or reduce the amount of damage or injury at the scene if they know what hazardous materials are
being carried. Your life, and the lives of others, may depend on quickly locating the hazardous
materials shipping papers. For that reason the rules:
• Require shippers to describe hazardous materials correctly and include an emergency
response telephone number on shipping papers.
• Require carriers and drivers to put tabs on hazardous materials shipping papers, or keep them
on top of other shipping papers and keep the required emergency response information with
the shipping papers.
• Require drivers to keep hazardous materials shipping papers:
- In a pouch on the driver's door, or
- In clear view within immediate reach while the seat belt is fastened while driving, or
- On the driver's seat when out of the vehicle.

PACKAGE LABELS
Shippers put diamond-shaped hazard warning labels on most hazardous materials packages.
These labels inform others of the hazard. If the diamond label won't fit on the package, shippers
may put the label on a tag securely attached to the package. For example, compressed gas
cylinders that will not hold a label will have tags or decals. Labels look like the example in figure 9-2.

Figure 9-2
Example of Labels

LISTS OF REGULATED PRODUCTS
Placards are used to warn others of hazardous materials. Placards are signs put on the outside of
a vehicle which identify the hazard class of the cargo. A placarded vehicle must have at least 4
identical placards. They are put on the front, rear and both sides of the vehicle (see figure 9-3).
Placards must be readable from all four directions. They are 10 3/4 inches (273 mm) square,
square-on-point, in a diamond shape. Cargo tanks and other bulk packaging display the I.D. number
of their contents on placards or orange panels or white square-on-point displays that are the same
size as placards.


Hazardous material identification numbers may be
displayed on placards or orange panels.

Figure 9-3
Placard and
1760
Panel
Locations

There are three main lists used by shippers, carriers and drivers when trying to identify hazardous
materials. Before transporting a material, look for its name on all three lists which can be found in
the Hazardous Materials Regulations. Some materials are on all lists, others on only one. Always
check the following lists:
• Section 172.101, the Hazardous Materials table.
• Appendix A to Section 172.101, the List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities.
• Appendix B to Section 172.101, the List of Marine Pollutants.

THE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLE
Figure 9-4 shows part of the Hazardous Materials Table. Column 1 tells which shipping mode(s) the
entry affects and other information concerning the shipping description. The next five columns show
each material's shipping name, hazard class or division, ID number, packaging group and required
labels.
Five (5) different symbols may appear in Column 1 of the table.
(+) Shows the proper shipping name, hazard class and packing group to use, even if the material
doesn't meet the hazard class definition.
(A) Means the hazardous material described in Column 2 is subject to the HMR only when offered
or intended for transport by air unless it is a hazardous substance or hazardous waste.
(W) Means the hazardous material described in Column 2 is subject to the HMR only when offered
or intended for transportation by water unless it is a hazardous substance, hazardous waste or
marine pollutant.


(D) Means the proper shipping name is appropriate for describing materials for domestic
transportation, but may not be proper for international transportation.
(I) Identifies a proper shipping name that is used to describe materials in international
transportation. A different shipping name may be used when only domestic transportation is
involved.
Column 2 lists the proper shipping names and descriptions of regulated materials. Entries are in
alphabetical order so you can more quickly find the right entry. The table shows proper shipping
names in regular type. The shipping paper must show proper shipping names. Names shown in
italics are not proper shipping names.
Column 3 shows a material's hazard class or division, or the entry quot;Forbidden.quot; Never transport a
quot;Forbiddenquot; material. You placard shipments based on the quantity and hazard class. You can
decide which placards to use if you know these three things:
• Material's hazard class.
• Amount being shipped.
• Amount of all hazardous materials of all classes on your vehicle.
Column 4 lists the identification number for each proper shipping name. Identification numbers are
preceded by the letters quot;UNquot; or quot;NA.quot; The letters quot;NAquot; are associated with proper shipping names
that are only used within the United States and to and from Canada. The identification number must
appear on the shipping paper as part of the shipping description and also appear on the package. It
also must appear on cargo tanks and other bulk packaging. Police and firefighters use this number
to quickly identify the hazardous materials.
Column 5 shows the packing group assigned to a material.
Column 6 shows the hazard warning label(s) shippers must put on packages of hazardous
materials. Some products require use of more than one label due to a dual hazard being present.
No label is needed where the table shows the word NONE.
Column 7 lists the additional (special) provisions that apply to this material. When there is an entry
in this column, you must refer to the federal regulations for specific information.
Column 8 is a three-part column showing the section numbers covering the packaging requirements
for each hazardous material.
NOTE: Columns 9 and 10 do not apply to transportation by highway.

Figure 9-4: Part of the Hazardous Materials Table
§172.101 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLE
(8)
Packaging
Authorizations
(§ 173.***)
Non-
Hazardous Materials Hazard Identifi- bulk Bulk
Descriptions and Proper Class or cation Packing Label Excep- pack- pack-
Symbols Shipping Names Division Numbers Group Codes Special Provisions tions aging aging
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8A) (8B) (8C)

TOXIC SOLIDS 6.1 UN3124 I 6.1, 4.2 A5____________ None 211 241
SELF-HEATING,
N.O.S.


APPENDIX A TO §172.101 - THE LIST OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES AND
REPORTABLE QUANTITIES
The DOT and the EPA want to know about spills of hazardous substances. They are named in the
List of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities (see figure 9-5). Column 3 of the list
shows each product's reportable quantity (RQ). When these materials are being transported in a
reportable quantity or greater in one package, the shipper displays the letters RQ on the shipping
paper and package. The letters RQ may appear before or after the basic description. You or your
employer must report any spill of these materials which occurs in a reportable quantity.
If the words POISON INHALATION HAZARD appear on the shipping paper or package, the rules
require display of the POISON INHALATION HAZARD placards, as appropriate. These placards
must be used in addition to other placards which may be required by the product's hazard class.
Always display the hazard class placard and the POISON INHALATION HAZARD placard, even for
small amounts.

Figure 9-5 Spills of 10 pounds or more
must be reported.
List of Hazardous Substances
LIST OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES
AND REPORTABLE QUANTITIES (continued)
Reportable Quantity (RQ
Hazardous Substance Synonyms Pounds (Kilograms)
Phenyl mercaptan @ Benzinethiol 100 (45.4)
Thiophenol
Phenylmercuric acetate Mercury, (acetato-0) phenyl 100 (45.4)
N-Phenylthiourea Thiourea, phenyl 100 (45.4)
Phorate Phosphorodithioic acid, O,O-diethyl
S-(ethylthio), methylester 10 (4.54)
Phosgene Carbonyl chloride 10 (4.54)
Phosphine Hydrogen Phosphide 100 (45.4)
Phosphoric acid 5000 (2270)
Phosphroic acid, diethyl
4-nitrophenyl ester Diethyl-p nitrophenyl phosphate 100 (45.4)
Phosphoric acid, lead salt Lead Phosphate 1 (0.454)

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
1. Shippers package in order to (fill in the blank) the material.
2. Drivers placard their vehicle to (fill in the blank) the risk.
3. What three things do you need to know to decide which placards (if any) you
need?
4. A hazardous materials ID number must appear on the (fill in the blank) and
on the (fill in the blank). The identification number must also appear on cargo
tanks and other bulk packagings.
5. Where must you keep shipping papers describing hazardous materials?
F F F
These questions may be on the test.
If you can't answer them all, re-read pages 9-1 through 9-9


THE SHIPPING PAPER
The shipping paper shown in figure 9-6 describes a shipment. A shipping paper for hazardous
materials must include:
• Page numbers if the shipping paper has more than one page. The first page must tell the total
number of pages. For example, quot;Page 1 of 4.quot;
• A proper shipping description for each hazardous material.
• A quot;shipper's certification,quot; signed by the shipper, saying they prepared the shipment
according to the rules.

THE ITEM DESCRIPTION
If a shipping paper describes both hazardous and non-hazardous products, the hazardous materials
will be either:
• Described first, or
• Highlighted in a contrasting color, or
• Identified by an quot;Xquot; placed before the shipping name in a column captioned quot;HM.quot; The letters
quot;RQquot; may be used instead of quot;Xquot; if a reportable quantity is present in one package.
The basic description of hazardous materials includes the proper shipping name, hazard class or
division, the identification number, and the packing group, if any, in that order. The packing group is
displayed in Roman numerals and may be preceded by quot;PG.quot;
Shipping name, hazard class, and ID number must not be abbreviated unless specifically
authorized in the hazardous materials regulations. The description must also show:
• The total quantity and unit of measure, and
• The letters RQ, if a reportable quantity.
• If the letters RQ appear, the name of the hazardous substance.
• For quot;n.o.s.quot; and generic descriptions, the technical name of the hazardous material.

Hazard Class from Column 3 of the Table
quot;RQquot; means that this is
a reportable quantity
Proper shipping name from Column 2 ID Number from Column 4 of the
of the Hazardous Materials Table Hazardous Materials Table

SHIPPING PAPER Page 1 of 1

TO: Wafers R US FROM: Essex Corporation
88 Valley Street 5775 Dawson Avenue
Silicon Junction, CA Coleta, CA 93117
QTY HM DESCRIPTION WEIGHT
1 cyl RQ Phosgene, 2.3, UN1076, 25 lbs.
Poison, Inhalation
Hazard, Zone A
This is to certify that the above named materials are properly classified, described, packaged, marked, labeled and
placarded and are in proper condition for transportation according to the applicable regulations of the Department of
Transportation.

Shipper: Essex Corp. Carrier: Knuckle Bros.
Per: Shultz Per:
Date: 6/17/88 Date:
SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS: 24 hour Emergency Contact, Ed Shultz, 1-800-555-5555

Figure 9-6 - Example of Shipping Paper


Shipping papers also must list an emergency response telephone number. The emergency
response telephone number is the responsibility of the shipper. It can be used by emergency
responders to obtain information about any hazardous materials involved in a spill or fire.
Shippers also must provide emergency response information to the motor carrier for each
hazardous material being shipped. The emergency response information must be able to be used
away from the motor vehicle and must provide information on how to safely handle incidents
involving the material. It must include information on the shipping name of the hazardous materials,
risks to health, fire, explosion, and initial methods of handling spills, fires, and leaks of the materials.
Such information can be on the shipping paper or some other document that includes the basic
description and technical name of the hazardous material. Or, it may be in a guidance book such as
the Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG). Motor carriers may assist shippers by keeping an
ERG on each vehicle carrying hazardous materials. The driver must provide the emergency
response information to any federal, state, or local authority responding to a hazardous materials
incident or investigating one.
Total quantity must appear before or after the basic description. The packaging type and the unit of
measurement may be abbreviated. For example:
10 ctns. Paint, 3, UN1263, PG II, 500 lbs.
The shipper of hazardous wastes must put the word WASTE before the proper shipping name of the
material on the shipping paper (hazardous waste manifest). For example:
Waste Acetone, 3, UN1090, PG II, 500 lbs.
A non-hazardous material may not be described by using a hazard class or an ID number.

SHIPPERS CERTIFICATION
When the shipper packages hazardous materials, he/she certifies that the package has been
prepared according to the rules. The signed shipper's certification appears on the original shipping
paper. The only exceptions are when a shipper is a private carrier transporting their own product
and when the package is provided by the carrier (for example, a cargo tank). Unless a package is
clearly unsafe or does not comply with the HMR, you may accept the shipper's certification
concerning proper packaging. Some carriers have additional rules about transporting hazardous
materials. Follow your employer's rules when accepting shipments.

PACKAGE MARKINGS AND LABELS
Shippers print required markings directly on the package, an attached label, or tag. An important
package marking is the name of the hazardous materials. It is the same name as the one on the
shipping paper. When required, the shipper will put the following on the package:
• The name and address of shipper or consignee.
• The hazardous material's shipping name and ID number.
• The labels required.
If the rules require it, the shipper also will put RQ or INHALATION HAZARD on the package.
Packages with liquid containers inside will also have package orientation markings with the arrows
pointing in the correct upright direction. The labels used always reflect the hazard class of the
product. If a package needs more than one label, the labels will be close together, near the proper
shipping name.

RECOGNIZING HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Learn to recognize shipments of hazardous materials. To find out if the shipment includes
hazardous materials, look at the shipping paper. Does it have:
• An entry with a proper shipping name, hazard class, and ID number?


• A highlighted entry, or one with an X or RQ in the hazardous materials column?
Other clues suggesting hazardous materials:
• What business is the shipper in? Paint Dealer? Chemical supply? Scientific supply house? Pest
control or agricultural supplier? Explosives, munitions, or fireworks dealer?
• Are there tanks with diamond labels or placards on the premises?
• What type of package is being shipped? Cylinders and drums are often used for hazardous
materials shipments.
• Is a hazard class label, proper shipping name, or ID number on the package?
• Are there any handling precautions?

HAZARDOUS WASTE MANIFEST
When transporting hazardous wastes, you must sign by hand and carry a Uniform Hazardous
Waste Manifest. The name and EPA registration number of the shippers, carriers, and destination
must appear on the manifest. Shippers must prepare, date, and sign by hand the manifest. Treat
the manifest as a shipping paper when transporting the waste. Only give the waste shipment to
another registered carrier or disposal/treatment facility. Each carrier transporting the shipment must
sign by hand the manifest. After you deliver the shipment, keep your copy of the manifest. Each
copy must have all needed signatures and dates, including those of the person to whom you
delivered the waste.

PLACARDING
Attach the appropriate placards to the vehicle before you drive it. You are only allowed to move an
improperly placarded vehicle during an emergency, in order to protect life or property.
Placards must appear on both sides and ends of the vehicle. Each placard must be:
• Easily seen from the direction it faces.
• Placed so the words or numbers are level and read from left to right.
• At least 3 inches (76.2 mm) away from any other markings.
• Kept clear of attachments or devices such as ladders, doors, and tarpaulins.
• Kept clean and undamaged so that the color, format, and message are easily seen.
To decide which placards to use, you need to know:
• The hazard class of the materials.
• The amount of hazardous materials shipped.
• The total weight of all classes of hazardous materials in your vehicle.
Always make sure that the shipper shows the correct basic description on the shipping paper and
verifies that the proper labels are shown on the packages. If you are not familiar with the material,
ask the shipper to contact your office.

PLACARD TABLES
There are two placard tables, Table 1 and Table 2. Table 1 materials must be placarded whenever
any amount is transported.


PLACARD TABLE 1 - ANY AMOUNT
IF YOUR VEHICLE PLACARD AS. . .
CONTAINS ANY AMOUNT OF. . .

1.1..................................................................EXPLOSIVE 1.1
1.2..................................................................EXPLOSIVE 1.2
1.3..................................................................EXPLOSIVE 1.3
2.3..................................................................POISON GAS
4.3..................................................................DANGEROUS WHEN WET
6.1 (PG I, inhalation hazard only) ..................POISON INHALATION HAZARD PLACARD
7 (Radioactive Yellow III label only) ..............RADIOACTIVE

Except for bulk packagings, the hazard classes in Table 2 need placards only if the total amount
transported is 1,001 lbs. (454 kg) or more including the package. Add the amounts from all shipping
papers for all the Table 2 products you have on board. You may use DANGEROUS placards instead
of separate placards for each Table 2 hazard class when:
• You have 1,001 lbs. (454 kg) or more of two or more Table 2 hazard classes, requiring different
placards and
• You have not loaded 5,000 lbs. (2,268 kg) or more of any Table 2 hazard class material at any
one place. (You must use the specific placard for this material.)
If the word INHALATION HAZARD are on the shipping paper or package, you must display POISON
INHALATION HAZARD placards in addition to any other placards needed by the product's hazard
class.
You need not use EXPLOSIVES 1.5, OXIDIZER, and DANGEROUS placards if a vehicle contains
Division 1.1 or 1.2 explosives and is placarded with EXPLOSIVES 1.1 or 1.2 placards. You need not
use a Division 2.2 NON-FLAMMABLE GAS placard on a vehicle displaying a Division 2.1
FLAMMABLE GAS or for oxygen a Division 2.2 OXYGEN placard.
Placards used to identify the primary hazard class of a material must have the hazard class or
division number displayed in the lower corner of the placard. No hazard class or division number is
allowed on placards used to identify a secondary hazard class of a material.
Placards may be displayed for hazardous materials even if not required so long as the placard
identifies the hazard of the material being transported.


PLACARD TABLE 2 - 1,001 LBS. (454 kg) OR MORE
CATEGORY OF MATERIAL PLACARD NAME
(Hazard class or division number
and additional description, as appropriate)

1.4............................................................................... EXPLOSIVES 1.4
1.5............................................................................... EXPLOSIVES 1.5
1.6............................................................................... EXPLOSIVES 1.6
2.1............................................................................... FLAMMABLE GAS
2.2............................................................................... NON-FLAMMABLE GAS
3.................................................................................. FLAMMABLE
Combustible liquid ...................................................... COMBUSTIBLE *
4.1............................................................................... FLAMMABLE SOLID
4.2............................................................................... SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE
5.1............................................................................... OXIDIZER
5.2............................................................................... ORGANIC PEROXIDE
6.1 (PG I or II, other than PG I Inhalation hazard) ...... POISON
6.1 (PG III) .................................................................. KEEP AWAY FROM FOOD
6.2............................................................................... (NONE)
8.................................................................................. CORROSIVE
9.................................................................................. CLASS 9**
ORM-D........................................................................ (NONE)

* FLAMMABLE placard may be used in place of COMBUSTIBLE placard on a cargo tank or portable tank.

** Class 9 placard is not required for domestic transportation.

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
1. What is a shipper's certification? Where does it appear? Who signs it?
2. When may non-hazardous materials be described by hazard class words or
ID numbers?
3. Name five hazard classes that require placarding in any amount.
4. A shipment described on the Hazardous Waste Manifest may only be
delivered to another (fill in the blank) carrier or treatment facility, which then
signs the (fill in the blank) giving you a copy which you must keep.
5. Your load includes 20 lbs. (9.1 kg) of Division 2.3 gas and 1,001 lbs. (454
kg) of flammable gas. What placards do you need, if any?
F F F
If you can't answer them all, re-read pages 9-10 through 9-14.


9.5 LOADING AND UNLOADING

GENERAL LOADING REQUIREMENTS
• Do all you can to protect containers of hazardous materials. Don't use any tools which might
damage containers or other packaging during loading. Don't use hooks.
• Before loading or unloading, set the parking brake. Make sure the vehicle will not move.
• Many products become more hazardous when exposed to heat. Load hazardous materials
away from heat sources.
• Watch for signs of leaking or damaged containers: LEAKS SPELL TROUBLE! Do not transport
leaking packages. Depending on the material, you, your truck, and others could be in danger.
Containers of Class 1 (explosives), Class 3 (flammable liquids), Class 4 (flammable solids), Class 5
(oxidizers), Class 8 (corrosives), Class 2 (gases), and Division 6.1 (poisons) must be braced to
prevent movement of the packages during transportation.

NO SMOKING
When loading or unloading hazardous materials, keep fire away. Don't let people smoke nearby.
Never smoke around:
Class 1 Division 2.1 Class 4
EXPLOSIVES FLAMMABLE GAS FLAMMABLE SOLIDS
Class 5 Class 3
OXIDIZERS FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS
SECURE AGAINST MOVEMENT
Brace containers so they will not fall, slide, or bounce around during transportation. Be very careful
when loading containers that have valves or other fittings.
After loading, do not open any package during your trip. Never transfer hazardous materials from
one package to another while in transit. You may empty a cargo tank, but do not empty any other
package while it is on the vehicle.

CARGO HEATER RULES
There are special cargo heater rules for loading:
Class 1 Class 3 Division 2.1
EXPLOSIVES FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS FLAMMABLE GAS
The rules usually forbid use of cargo heaters, including automatic cargo heater/air conditioner
units. Unless you have read all the related rules, don't load the above products in a cargo space
that has a heater.

USE CLOSED CARGO SPACE
You cannot have overhang or tailgate loads of:
Class 1 Class 4 Class 5
EXPLOSIVES FLAMMABLE SOLIDS OXIDIZERS
You must load these hazardous materials into a closed cargo space unless all packages are:
• Fire and water resistant, or
• Covered with a fire and water resistant tarp.


PRECAUTIONS FOR SPECIFIC HAZARDS
EXPLOSIVES
Turn the engine off before loading or unloading any explosives. Then check the cargo space. You
must:
• Disable cargo heaters. Disconnect heater power sources and drain heater fuel tanks.
• Make sure there are no sharp points that might damage cargo. Look for bolts, screws, nails,
broken side panels, and broken floor boards.
• Use a floor lining with Division 1.1, 1.2, or 1.3 (Class A or B explosives). The floors must be
tight and the liner must be either non-metallic material or non-ferrous metal.
Use extra care to protect explosives. Never use hooks or other metal tools. Never drop, throw, or
roll packages. Protect explosive packages from other cargo that might cause damage.
Do not transfer a Division 1.1, 1.2, or 1.3 (Class A or B explosive) from one vehicle to another on a
public roadway except in an emergency. If safety requires an emergency transfer, set out red
warning reflectors, flags, or electric lanterns. You must warn others on the road.
Never transport damaged packages of explosives. Do not take a package that shows any
dampness or oily stain.
Do not transport Division 1.1 or 1.2 (Class A explosives) in triples or in vehicle combinations if:
• There is a marked or placarded cargo tank in the combination, or
• The other vehicle in the combination contains:
- Division 1.1 A (initiating explosives).
- Packages of Class 7 (radioactive) materials labeled quot;Yellow III,quot;
- Division 2.3 (poisonous gas) or Division 6.1 (Poisonous) materials.
- Hazardous materials in a portable tank, on a DOT Spec 106A or 110A tank.

CLASS 8 (CORROSIVE) MATERIALS
If loading by hand, load breakable containers of corrosive liquid one by one. Keep them right side
up. Do not drop or roll the containers. Load them onto an even floor surface. Stack carboys only if
the lower tiers can bear the weight of the upper tiers safely.
Do not load nitric acid above any other product, or stack more than two high.
Load charged storage batteries so their liquid won't spill. Keep them right side up. Make sure other
cargo won't fall against or short circuit them.
Never load corrosive liquids next to or above:
• Division 1.4 (Explosives C).
• Class 4.1 (Flammable Solids).
• Class 5.1 (Oxidizers).
• Division 2.3, Zone B (Poisonous Gases).
Never load corrosive liquids with:
• Division 1.1 or 1.2 (Explosives A).
• Division 2.3, Zone A (Poisonous Gases).
• Division 4.2 (Spontaneously Combustible Materials).
• Division 6.1, PGI, Zone A (Poison Liquids).


CLASS 2 (COMPRESSED GAS) INCLUDING CRYOGENIC LIQUIDS
If your vehicle doesn't have racks to hold cylinders, the cargo space floor must be flat. The cylinders
must be:
• Held upright or braced laying down flat, or
• In racks attached to the vehicle, or
• In boxes that will keep them from turning over.
DIVISION 2.3 (POISONOUS GAS) OR DIVISION 6.1 (POISONOUS) MATERIALS
Never transport these materials in containers with interconnections. Never load a package labeled
POISON or POISON GAS in the driver's cab or sleeper or with food material for human or animal
consumption.
CLASS 7 (RADIOACTIVE) MATERIALS
Some packages of Class 7 (radioactive) materials bear a number called the quot;transport index.quot; The
shipper labels these packages Radioactive II or Radioactive III, and prints the package's transport
index on the label. Radiation surrounds each package, passing through all nearby packages. To
deal with this problem, the number of packages you can load together is controlled. Their closeness
to people, animals, and unexposed film is also controlled. The transport index tells the degree of
control needed during transportation. The total transport index of all packages in a single vehicle
must not exceed 50.
Appendix A to this section shows rules for each transport index. It shows how close you can load
Class 7 (radioactive) materials to people, animals, or film. For example, you can't leave a package
with a transport index of 1.1 within 2 feet of people or cargo space walls.

MIXED LOADS
The rules require some products to be loaded separately. You cannot load them together in the
same cargo space. Figure 9-7 lists some examples. The regulations (the Segregation and
Separation Chart) name other materials you must keep apart.

Figure 9-7: Prohibited Loading Combinations
DO NOT LOAD. . . IN THE SAME VEHICLE WITH. . .

Division 6.1 or 2.3 Animal or human food unless the poison package is
(POISON or poison overpacked in an approved way. Foodstuffs are anything you
gas labeled material) swallow. However, mouthwash, toothpaste, and skin creams
are not foodstuff.
Division 2.3 (poisonous) gas Division 5.1 (oxidizers), Class 3 (flammable liquid), Class 8
Zone A or Division 6.1 (poison) (corrosive liquids), Division 5.2 (organic peroxides), Division
liquids, PGI, Zone A 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 (Class A or B) explosives, Division 1.5 (blasting
agents), Division 2.1 (flammable gases), Class 4 (flammable
solids).
Charged storage batteries Division 1.1 (Class A Explosives)
Division 1.4 (Detonating primers) Any other explosives unless in authorized containers or
packagings.
Division 6.1 (Cyanides or Acids, corrosive materials, or other acidic materials which
cyanide mixtures) could release hydrocyanic acid from cyanides. For example:
Cyanides, Inorganic, n.o.s.
Silver Cyanide
Sodium Cyanide
Nitric acid (Class 8) Other materials unless the nitric acid is not loaded above any
Other material and not more than two tiers high.


TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
1. Around which hazard classes must you never smoke?
2. Which three hazard classes should not be loaded into a trailer that has a
heater/air conditioner unit?
3. Should the floor liner required for Division 1.1 or 1.2 (Explosives A) be
stainless steel?
4. At the shipper's dock you're given a paper for 100 cartons of battery acid.
You already have 100 lbs. (45.4 kg) of dry Silver Cyanide on board. What
precautions do you have to take?
5. Name a hazard class that uses transport indexes to determine the amount
that can be loaded in a single vehicle.
F F F
If you can't answer them all, re-read pages 9-15 through 9-17.

9.6 BULK PACKAGING MARKING,
LOADING AND UNLOADING
The glossary at the end of this section gives the meaning of the word bulk. Cargo tanks are bulk
packagings permanently attached to a vehicle. Cargo tanks remain on the vehicle when you load
and unload them. Portable tanks are bulk containers which are not permanently attached to a
vehicle. The product is loaded or unloaded while the portable tanks are off the vehicle. Portable
tanks are then put on a vehicle for transportation. There are many types of cargo tanks in use. The
most common cargo tanks are MC306 for liquids and MC331 for gases.

MARKINGS
You must display the ID number of the hazardous materials in portable tanks and cargo tanks and
other bulk packagings (such as dump trucks). ID numbers are in column 4 of the Hazardous
Materials Table. The rules require black 100 mm (3.9 inch) numbers on orange panels, placards, or
a white, diamond-shaped background if no placard is required. Specification cargo tanks must show
retest date markings.
Portable tanks must also show the lessee or owner's name. They must also display the shipping
name of the contents on two (2) opposing sides. The letters of the shipping name must be at least
two (2) inches tall on portable tanks with capacities of more than 1,000 (3,785L) gallons and one (1)
inch tall on portable tanks with capacities of less than 1,000 gallons (3,785L). The ID number must
appear on each side and each end of a portable tank or other bulk packaging that hold 1,000
(3,785L) gallons or more and on two opposing sides if the portable tank holds less than 1,000
(3,785L) gallons. The ID numbers must still be visible when the portable tank is on the motor
vehicle. If they are not visible, you must display the ID number on both sides and ends of the motor
vehicle.

TANK LOADING
The person in charge of loading and unloading a cargo tank must be sure a qualified person is
always watching. This person watching the loading or unloading must:

• Be alert.
• Have a clear view of the cargo tank.
• Be within 25 feet (7.6m) of the tank.
• Know of the hazards of the materials involved.
• Know the procedures to follow in an emergency, and
• Be authorized to move the cargo tank and able to do so.
Close all manholes and valves before moving a tank of hazardous materials, no matter how small
the amount in the tank or how short the distance. Manholes and valves must be closed to prevent
leaks.

FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS
Turn off your engine before loading or unloading any flammable liquids. Only run the engine if
needed to operate a pump. Ground a cargo tank correctly before filling it through an open filling
hole. Ground the tank before opening the filling hole, and maintain the ground until after closing the
filling hole.

COMPRESSED GAS
Keep liquid discharge valves on a compressed gas tank closed except when loading and unloading.
Unless your engine runs a pump for product transfer, turn it off when loading or unloading. If you
use the engine, turn it off after product transfer, before you unhook the hose. Unhook all
loading/unloading connections before coupling, uncoupling, or moving a chlorine cargo tank. Always
chock trailers and semi-trailers to prevent motion when uncoupled from the power unit.

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
1. What are cargo tanks?
2. How is a portable tank different from a cargo tank?
3. Your engine runs a pump used during delivery of compressed gas. Should
you turn off the engine before or after unlocking hoses after delivery?
F F F
If you can't answer them all, re-read Section 9.5.

9.7 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS -
DRIVING & PARKING RULES

PARKING WITH DIVISION 1.1, 1.2, OR 1.3 (CLASS A OR B) EXPLOSIVES
Never park with Division 1.1, 1.2, or 1.3 (Class A or B) explosives within 5 feet (1.5m) of the
traveled part of the road. Except for short periods of time needed for vehicle operation necessities
(e.g., fueling), do not park with 300 feet (91.4m) of:
• A bridge, tunnel, or building, or


• A place where people gather, or
• An open fire.
If you must park to do your job, do so only briefly.
Don't park on private property unless the owner is aware of the danger. Someone must always
watch the parked vehicle. You may let someone else watch it for you only if your vehicle is:
• On the shipper's property, or
• On the carrier's property, or
• On the consignee's property.
You are allowed to leave your vehicle unattended in a safe haven. A safe haven is an approved
place for parking unattended vehicles loaded with explosives. Designation of authorized safe
havens are usually made by local authorities.

PARKING A PLACARDED VEHICLE NOT TRANSPORTING DIVISION 1.1,
1.2, OR 1.3 (CLASS A OR B) EXPLOSIVES
You may park a placarded vehicle (not laden with explosives) within 5 feet (1.5m) of the traveled
part of the road only if your work requires it. Do so only briefly. Someone must always watch the
vehicle when parked on a public roadway or shoulder. Do not uncouple a trailer and leave it with
hazardous materials on a public street. Do not park within 300 feet (91.4m) of an open fire.

ATTENDING PARKED VEHICLES
The persons attending a placarded vehicle must:
• Be in the vehicle, awake, and not in the sleeper berth, or within 100 feet (30.5m) of the vehicle
and have it within clear view.
• Be aware of the hazards of the materials being transported.
• Know what to do in emergencies.
• Be able to move the vehicle, if needed.

NO FLARES!
You might break down and have to use stopped vehicle signals. Use reflective triangles or red
electric lights. Never use burning signals, such as flares or fuses, around a:
• Tank used for Class 3 (flammable liquids) or Division 2.1 (flammable gas) whether loaded or
empty.
• Vehicle loaded with Division 1.1, 1.2, or 1.3 (Class A or B) explosives.

ROUTE RESTRICTIONS
Some states and counties require permits to transport hazardous materials or wastes. They may
limit the routes you can use. Local rules about routes and permits change often. It is your job as
driver to find out if you need permits or must use special routes. Make sure you have all needed
papers before starting.
If you work for a carrier, ask your dispatcher about route restrictions or permits. If you are an
independent trucker and are planning a new route, check with state agencies where you plan to
travel. Some localities prohibit transportation of hazardous materials through tunnels, over bridges,
or other roadways. Check before you start.
Whenever placarded, avoid heavily populated areas, crowds, tunnels, narrow streets, and alleys.
Take other routes, even if inconvenient, unless there is no other way. Never drive a placarded
vehicle near open fires unless you can safely pass without stopping.


If transporting Division 1.1, 1.2, or 1.3 (Class A or B) explosives, you must have a written route plan
and follow that plan. Carriers prepare the route plan in advance and give the driver a copy. You may
plan the route yourself if you pick up the explosives at a location other than your employer's
terminal. Write out the plan in advance. Keep a copy of it with you while transporting the explosives.
Deliver shipments of explosives only to authorized persons or leave them in locked rooms designed
for explosives storage.
A carrier must choose the safest route to transport placarded radioactive materials. After choosing
the route, the carrier must tell the driver about the radioactive materials, and show the route plan.

NO SMOKING
Do not smoke within 25 feet (7.6m) of a placarded cargo tank used for Class 3 (flammable liquids)
or Division 2.1 (gases). Also, do not smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar, or pipe within 25 feet
(7.6m) of any vehicle which contains:
Class 1 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5
EXPLOSIVES FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS FLAMMABLE SOLIDS OXIDIZERS

REFUEL WITH ENGINE OFF
Turn off your engine before fueling a motor vehicle containing hazardous materials. Someone must
always be at the nozzle, controlling fuel flow.

10 B:C FIRE EXTINGUISHER
The power unit of placarded vehicles must have a fire extinguisher with a UL rating of 10 B:C or
more.

CHECK TIRES
Make sure your tires are properly inflated. Check placarded vehicles with dual tires at the start of
each trip and each time the vehicle is parked. The only acceptable way to check tire pressure is to
use a tire pressure gauge.
Do not drive with a tire that is leaking or flat except to the nearest safe place to fix it. Remove any
overheated tire. Place it a safe distance from your vehicle. Don't drive until you correct the cause of
the overheating. Remember to follow the rules about parking and attending placarded vehicles.
They apply even when checking, repairing, or replacing tires.

WHERE TO KEEP SHIPPING PAPERS AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE
INFORMATION
Do not accept a hazardous materials shipment without a properly prepared shipping paper. A
shipping paper for hazardous materials must always be easily recognized. Other people must be
able to find it quickly after an accident.
• Clearly distinguish hazardous materials shipping papers from others by tabbing them or
keeping them on top of the stack of papers.
• When you are behind the wheel, keep shipping papers within your reach (with your seat belt
on), or in a pouch on the driver's door. They must be easily seen by someone entering the cab.
• When not behind the wheel, leave shipping papers in the driver's door pouch or on the driver's
seat.
• Emergency response information must be kept in the same location as the shipping paper.

PAPER FOR DIVISION 1.1, 1.2, OR 1.3 (CLASS A OR B) EXPLOSIVES
A carrier must give each driver transporting Division 1.1, 1.2, or 1.3 (Class A or B) explosives a copy


of Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations (FMCSR), Part 397. The carrier must also give written
instructions on what to do if delayed or in an accident. The written instructions must include:
• The names and telephone numbers of people to contact (including carrier agents or shippers).
• The nature of the explosives transported.
• The precautions to take in emergencies such as fires, accidents, or leaks.
Drivers must sign a receipt for these documents.
You must be familiar with, and have in your possession while driving, the:
• Shipping papers.
• Written emergency instructions.
• Written route plan.
• A copy of FMCSR, Part 397.

EQUIPMENT FOR CHLORINE
A driver transporting chlorine in cargo tanks must have an approved gas mask in the vehicle. The
driver must also have an emergency kit for controlling leaks in dome cover plate fittings on the cargo
tank.

STOP BEFORE RAILROAD CROSSINGS
Stop before a railroad crossing if your vehicle:
• Is placarded, or
• Carries any amount of chlorine, or
• Has cargo tanks, whether loaded or empty, used for hazardous materials.
You must stop 15 to 50 feet (4.6 to 15.2m) before the nearest rail. Proceed only when you are sure
no train is coming. Don't shift gears while crossing the tracks.

9.8 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS - EMERGENCIES
• No Smoking • Warn Others
• Keep People Away • Avoid Contact or Inhaling

EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK (ERG)
The Department of Transportation has a guidebook for firefighters, police, and industry workers on
how to protect themselves and the public from hazardous materials. The guide is indexed by proper
shipping name and hazardous materials identification number. Emergency personnel look for these
things on the shipping paper. That is why it is vital that the proper shipping name, ID number, label,
and placards are correct.

ACCIDENTS/INCIDENTS
As a professional driver, your job at the scene of an accident is to:
• Keep people away from the scene.
• Limit the spread of material, only if you can safely do so.
• Communicate the danger of the hazardous materials to emergency response personnel.
• Provide emergency responders with the shipping papers and emergency response information.


Follow this checklist:
• Check to see that your driving partner is OK.
• Keep shipping papers with you.
• Keep people far away and upwind.
• Warn others of the danger.
• Send for help.
• Follow your employer's instructions.
• Prevent smoking and keep open flame away.

FIRES
You might have to control minor truck fires on the road. However, unless you have the training
and equipment to do so safely, don't fight hazardous materials fires. Dealing with hazardous
materials fires requires special training and protective gear.
When you discover a fire, send for help. You may use the fire extinguisher to keep minor truck fires
from spreading to cargo before firefighters arrive. Feel trailer doors to see if they are hot before
opening them. If hot, you may have a cargo fire and should not open the doors. Opening doors lets
air in and may make the fire flare up. Without air, many fires only smolder until firemen arrive, doing
less damage. If your cargo is already on fire, it is not safe to fight the fire. Keep the shipping papers
with you to give to emergency personnel as soon as they arrive. Warn other people of the danger
and keep them away.
If you discover a cargo leak, identify the hazardous materials leaking by using shipping papers,
labels or package location. Do not touch any leaking material–many people injure themselves
by touching hazardous materials. Do not try to identify the material or find the source of a leak by
smell. Toxic gases can destroy your sense of smell and can injure or kill you even if they don't
smell. If hazardous material is leaking from a container, but not from your vehicle, drive to the
closest area where you can get help and call emergency personnel if they are needed. Never eat,
drink or smoke around a leak or spill.
If hazardous materials are spilling from your vehicle, do not move it any more than safety requires.
You may move off the road and away from places where people gather, if doing so serves safety.
Only move you vehicle if you can do so without danger to yourself or others.
Never continue driving with hazardous material leaking from your vehicle in order to find a phone
booth, truck stop, help or similar reason. Remember, the carrier pays for the cleanup of
contaminated parking lots, roadways and drainage ditches. The costs are enormous, so don't leave
a lengthy trail of contamination. If hazardous materials are spilling from your vehicle:
• Park it.
• Secure the area.
• Stay there.
• Send someone else for help.

When sending someone for help, give that person:
• A description of the emergency.
• Your exact location and direction of travel.
• Your name, the carrier's name and the name of the community or city where your terminal is
located.
• The proper shipping name, hazard class and ID number of the hazardous materials, if you
know them.
This is a lot for someone to remember. It is a good idea to write it all down for the person you send
for help. The emergency response team must know these things to find you and to handle the
emergency. They may have to travel miles to get to you. This information will help them to bring the
right equipment the first time, without having to go back for it.

Never move your vehicle, if doing so will cause contamination or damage the vehicle. Keep
downwind and away from roadside rests, truck stops, cafes and businesses. Never try to repack
leaking containers. Unless you have the training and equipment to repair leaks safely, don't try it.
Call your dispatcher or supervisor for instructions and, if needed, emergency personnel.

RESPONSES TO SPECIFIC HAZARDS
CLASS 1 (EXPLOSIVES)
If your vehicle has a breakdown or accident while carrying explosives, warn others of the danger.
Keep bystanders away. Do not allow smoking or open fire near the vehicle. If there is a fire, warn
everyone of the danger of explosion.
Remove all explosives before separating vehicles involved in a collision. Place the explosives at
least 200 feet (61m) from the vehicles and occupied buildings. Stay a safe distance away.

CLASS 2 (COMPRESSED GASES)
If compressed gas is leaking from your vehicle, warn others of the danger. Only permit those
involved in removing the hazard or wreckage to get close. You must notify the shipper if
compressed gas is involved in any accident.
Unless your are fueling machinery used in road construction or maintenance, do not transfer a
flammable compressed gas from one tank to another on any public roadway.

CLASS 3 (FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS)
If you are transporting a flammable liquid and have an accident or your vehicle breaks down,
prevent bystanders from gathering. Warn people of the danger. Keep them from smoking.
Never transport a leaking cargo tank farther than needed to reach a safe place. Get off the roadway
if you can do so safely. Don't transfer flammable liquid from one vehicle to another on a public
roadway except in an emergency.

CLASS 4 (FLAMMABLE SOLIDS) AND CLASS 5 (OXIDIZING MATERIALS)
If a flammable solid or oxidizing material spills, warn others of the fire hazard. Do not open
smoldering packages of flammable solids. Remove them from the vehicle if you can safely do so.
Also, remove unbroken packages if it will decrease the fire hazard.

CLASS 6 (POISONOUS MATERIALS AND INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES)
It is your job to protect yourself, other people and property from harm. Remember that many
products classed as poison are also flammable. If you think a Division 2.3 (Poison Gases) or
Division 6.1 (Poison Materials) might be flammable, take the added precautions needed for
flammable liquids or gases. Do not allow smoking, open flame or welding. Warn others of the
hazards of fire, of inhaling vapors, or coming in contact with the poison.
A vehicle involved in a leak of Division 2.3 (Poison Gases) or Division 6.1 (Poison Materials) must
be checked for stray poison before being used again.
If Division 6.2 (Infectious Substances) package is damaged in handling or transportation, you
should immediately contact your supervisor. Packages which appear to be damaged or show signs
of leakage should not be accepted.

CLASS 7 (RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS)
If radioactive material is involved in a leak or broken package, tell your dispatcher or supervisor as
soon as possible. If there is a spill or if an internal container might be damaged, do not touch or
inhale the material. Do not use the vehicle until it is cleaned and checked with a survey meter.


CLASS 8 (CORROSIVE MATERIALS)
If corrosives spill or leak during transportation, be careful to avoid further damage or injury when
handling the containers. Parts of the vehicle exposed to a corrosive liquid must be thoroughly
washed with water. After unloading, wash out the interior as soon as possible before reloading.
If continuing to transport a leaking tank would be unsafe, get off the road. If safe to do so, try to
contain any liquid leaking from the vehicle. Keep bystanders away from the liquid and its fumes. Do
everything possible to prevent injury to others.

REQUIRED NOTIFICATION
The National Response Center helps coordinate emergency response to chemical hazards. It is a
resource to the local police and firefighters. It maintains a 24-hour toll-free line. You or your
employer must phone when any of the following occur as a direct result of a hazardous materials
incident:
• A person is killed.
• An injured person requires hospitalization.
• Estimated property damage exceeds $50,000.
• The general public is evacuated for one or more hours.
• One or more major transportation arteries or facilities are closed or shut down for one hour or
more.
• Fire, breakage, spillage or suspected radioactive contamination occurs.
• Fire, breakage, spillage or suspected contamination occurs involving shipment of etiologic
agents (bacteria or toxins).
• A situation exists of such a nature (e.g., continuing danger to life exists at the scene of an
incident) that, in the judgment of the carrier, should be reported.

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (800) 424-8801
Persons telephoning the National Response Center should be ready to give:
• Their name.
• Name and address of the carrier they work for.
• Phone number where they can be reached.
• Date, time and location of incident.
• The extent of injuries, if any.
• Classification, name and quantity of hazardous materials involved, if such information is
available.
• Type of incident and nature of hazardous materials involvement and whether a continuing
danger to life exists at the scene.
If a reportable quantity of hazardous substance was involved, the caller should give the name of the
shipper and the quantity of the hazardous substance discharged.
Be prepared to give your employer the required information as well. Carriers must make detailed
written reports within 30 days of an incident.

CHEMTREC (800) 424-9300
The Chemical Transportation Emergency Center (CHEMTREC) in Washington also has a 24-hour
toll-free line. CHEMTREC was created to provide emergency personnel with technical information
about the physical properties of hazardous materials. The National Response Center and
CHEMTREC are in close communication. If you call either one, they will tell the other about the
problem when appropriate.


TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
1. If your placarded trailer has dual tires, how often should you check the tires?
2. What is a safe haven?
3. How close to the traveled part of the roadway can you park with Division 1.2
or 1.3 (Explosive B)?
4. How close can you park to a bridge, tunnel, or building with the same load?
5. What type of fire extinguisher must placarded vehicles carry?
6. You're hauling 100 lbs. (45.4 kg) of Division 4.3 (Dangerous When Wet)
material. Do you need to stop before railroad crossing?
7. At a rest area you discover your hazardous materials shipment is slowly
leaking from the vehicle. There's no phone around. What should you do?
8. What is the Emergency Response Guide (ERG)?
F F F
If you can't answer them all, re-read Section 9.6 and 9.7.

TABLE A
RADIOACTIVE SEPARATION TABLE
(Note: You will not be tested on the numbers in this table.)
Do not leave radioactive yellow-II or yellow-III labeled packages near people, animals, or film longer
than shown in this table.

MINIMUM DISTANCE IN FEET TO PEOPLE OR
TOTAL TO NEAREST UNDEVELOPED FILM CARGO
TRANSPORT 0-2 2-4 4-8 8-12 OVER 12 COMPARTMENT
INDEX HOURS HOURS HOURS HOURS HOURS PARTITIONS

None 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.1 to 1.0 1 2 3 4 5 2
1.1 to 5.0 3 4 6 8 11 2
5.1 to 10.0 4 6 9 11 15 3
10.1 to 20.0 5 8 12 16 22 4
20.1 to 30.0 7 10 15 20 29 5
30.1 to 40.0 8 11 17 22 33 6
40.1 to 50.0 9 12 19 24 36


TABLE B

TABLE OF HAZARD CLASS DEFINITIONS
(Note: You will not be tested on this table.)

KINDS OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Hazardous materials are categorized into nine major hazard classes and additional categories for
consumer commodities and combustible liquids. The classes of hazardous materials are as follows:

CLASS CLASS NAME EXAMPLE
1 Explosives Ammunition, Dynamite, Fireworks
2 Gases Propane, Oxygen, Helium
3 Flammable Gasoline Fuel, Acetone
4 Flammable Solids Matches, Fuses
5 Oxidizers Ammonium Nitrate, Hydrogen Peroxide
6 Poisons Pesticides, Arsenic
7 Radioactive Uranium, Plutonium
8 Corrosives Hydrochloric Acid, Battery Acid
9 Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials Formaldehyde, Asbestos
None ORM-D (Other regulated Material-Domestic) Hair Spray or Charcoal
None Combustible Liquids Fuel Oils, Lighter Fluid

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS GLOSSARY
This glossary presents definitions of certain terms used in this section. A complete glossary of terms
can be found in the Federal Hazardous Materials Rules (49 CFR 171.8). You should have an up-to-
date copy of these rules for your reference.
(Note: You will not be tested on this glossary)

SECTION 171.8 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS
BULK PACKAGING -
means a packaging, other than a vessel, or a barge, including a transport vehicle or freight
container, in which hazardous materials are loaded with no intermediate form of containment and
which has:
(1) A maximum capacity greater than 450 L (119 gallons) as a receptacle for a liquid;
(2) A maximum net mass greater than 400 kg (882 pounds) or a maximum capacity greater than
450 L (119 gallons) as a receptacle for a solid; or
(3) A water capacity greater than 454 kg (1,000 pounds) as a receptacle for a gas as defined in
Section 173.115.

CARGO TANK -
means a bulk packaging which:
(1) Is a tank intended primarily for the carriage of liquids or gases and includes appurtenances,


reinforcements, fittings, and closures (for quot;tank,quot;, see 49 CFR 178.345-1(c), 178.337-1, or
178.338-1, as applicable);
(2) Is permanently attached to or forms a part of a motor vehicle, or is not permanently attached to
a motor vehicle but which, by reason of its size, construction, or attachment to a motor vehicle
is loaded or unloaded without being removed from the motor vehicle; and
(3) Is not fabricated under a specification for cylinders, portable tanks, tank cars, or multi-unit tank
car tanks.
CARRIER -
means a person engaged in the transportation of passengers or property by:
(1) Land or water as a common, contract, or private carrier; or
(2) Civil aircraft.
CONSIGNEE -
means the business or person to whom a shipment is delivered.
DIVISION -
means a subdivision of a hazard class.
EPA -
means U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
FMCSR -
means the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations.
FREIGHT CONTAINER -
means a reusable container having a volume of 64 cubic feet (1.8 cubic meters) or more, designed
and constructed to permit being lifted with its contents intact and intended primarily for containment
of packages (in unit form) during transportation.
FUEL TANK -
means a tank, other than a cargo tank, used to transport flammable or combustible liquid or
compressed gas for the purpose of supplying fuel for propulsion of the transport vehicle to which it is
attached, or for the operation of other equipment on the transport vehicle.
GROSS WEIGHT OR GROSS MASS -
means the weight of a packaging plus the weight of its contents.
HAZARD CLASS -
means the category of hazard assigned to a hazardous material under the definitional criteria of Part
173 and the provisions of the Section 172.101 Table. A material may meet the defining criteria for
more than one hazard class but is assigned to only one hazard class.
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS -
means a substance or material which has been determined by the Secretary of Transportation to be
capable of posing an unreasonable risk to health, safety and property when transported in
commerce, and which has been so designated. The term includes hazardous substances,
hazardous wastes, marine pollutants and elevated temperature materials as defined in this section,
materials designated as hazardous under the provisions of Section 172.101 and 172.102, and
materials that meet the defining criteria for hazard classes and divisions in Part 173.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE -
means a material, including its mixtures and solutions, that:
(1) Is listed in Appendix A to Section 172.101;
(2) Is in a quantity, in one package, which equals or exceeds the reportable quantity (RQ) listed in
Appendix A to Section 172.101; and


(3) When in a mixture of solution:
(i) For radionuclides, conforms to paragraph 6 of Appendix A to Section 172.101.
(ii) For other than radionuclides, is in a concentration by weight which equals or exceeds the
concentration corresponding to the RQ of the material, as show in the following table:

CONCENTRATION BY
RQ POUNDS (KILOGRAMS) WEIGHT

PERCENT PPM
5,000 (2270) 10 100,000
1,000 (454) 2 20,000
100 (45.4) 0.2 2,000
10 (4.54) 0.02 200
1 (0.454) 0.002 20

This definition does not apply to petroleum products that are lubricants or fuels (see 40 CFR
300.6).
HAZARDOUS WASTE -
for the purposes of this chapter, means any material that is subject to the Hazardous Waste
Manifest Requirements of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency specified in 40 CFR Part 262.
LIMITED QUANTITY -
when specified as such in a section applicable to a particular material, means the maximum amount
of a hazardous material for which there may be specific labeling or packaging exception.
MARKING -
means the descriptive name, identification number, instructions, cautions, weight, specification or
UN marks or combinations thereof, required by this subchapter on outer packagings of hazardous
materials.
MIXTURE -
means a material composed of more than one chemical compound or element.
NAME OF CONTENTS -
means the proper shipping name as specified in Section 172.101.
NON-BULK PACKAGING -
means packaging which has:
(1) a maximum capacity of 450 L (119 gallons) as a receptacle for a liquid;
(2) A maximum net mass less than 400 kg (882 pounds) and a maximum capacity of 450 L (119
gallons) or less as a receptacle for a solid; or
(3) A water capacity greater than 454 kg (1,000 pounds) or less as a receptacle for a gas as
defined in Section 173.115.
N.O.S. -
means not otherwise specified.
OUTAGE OR ULLAGE -
means the amount by which a packaging falls short of being liquid full, usually expressed in percent
by volume.
PORTABLE TANK -
means a bulk packaging (except a cylinder having a water capacity of 1,000 pounds (454 kg) or


less) designed primarily to be loaded onto or on, or temporarily attached to a transport vehicle or
ship and equipped with skids, mountings or accessories to facilitate handling of the tank by
mechanical means. It does not include a cargo tank, tank car, multi-unit tank car tank or trailer
carrying 3AX, 3AAX or 3T cylinders.
PROPER SHIPPING NAME -
means the name of the hazardous materials shown in Roman print (not italics) in Section 172.101.
P.S.I. OR psi -
means pounds per square inch.
P.S.I.A. OR psia -
means pounds per square inch absolute.
REPORTABLE QUANTITY (RQ) -
means the quantity specified in Column 3 of the Appendix to Section 172.101 for any material
identified in Column 1 of the Appendix.
RSPA -
means the Research and Special Programs Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation,
Washington, DC 20590.
SHIPPER'S CERTIFICATION -
means a statement on a shipping paper, signed by the shipper, saying he/she prepared the
shipment properly according to law.
quot;This is to certify that the above named materials are properly classified, described,
packaged, marked and labeled, and are in proper conditions for transportation according
to the applicable regulations of the Department of Transportation.quot;
OR
quot;I hereby declare that the contents of this consignment are fully and accurately described
above the proper shipping name and are classified, packed, marked and
labeled/placarded, and are in all respects in proper condition for transport according to
applicable international and national government regulations.quot;

SHIPPING PAPER -
means a shipping order, bill of lading, manifest, or other shipping document serving a similar
purpose and containing the information required by Section 172.202, 172,203, and 172.204.
TECHNICAL NAME -
means a recognized chemical name or microbiological name currently used in scientific and
technical handbooks, journals, and tests.
TRANSPORT VEHICLE -
means a cargo-carrying vehicle such as an automobile, van, tractor, truck, semi-trailer, tank car, or
rail car used for the transportation of cargo by any mode. Each cargo-carrying body (trailer, rail car,
etc.) is a separate transport vehicle.
UN STANDARD PACKAGING -
means a specification packaging conforming to the requirements in Subpart L and M of Part 178.
UN -
means United Nations.


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