1. Hearing Impairment By: Heather Motter, Sarah Urchuck, Megan Daley, Lindsay Kimes, and Amanda Vogler

3. Can happen to any organism that perceives sound

4. Caused by a range of biological and environmental factors

5. Trauma to the ear, genetic factors, diseases like meningitis

6. Categories of hearing loss: neural/sensorineural, conductive, combination

7. Hearing impairment can lead to social isolation and someone who deals with this must use many adaptations to live independently

8. Otologist and audiologist will primarily treat those with hearing impairments.

10. More specifically there are four major ways in which hearing loss affects children:

11. It causes delay in the development of receptive and expressive communication skills (speech and language).

12. The language deficit causes learning problems that result in reduced academic achievement.

13. Communication difficulties often lead to social isolation and poor self-concept.

14. It may have an impact on vocational choices.

15. Treatment includes cochlear implants and possible gene therapy

16. Statistics

17. 2006- 37 Million adults in the U.S. had trouble with hearing (full range)

19. It (if you can’t hear it, it will be hard to produce it)

20. Voice problems that result from improper use of the respiratory system:

21. Breathiness, roughness, diplophonia, poor pitch, inability to control intensity

22. Speech problems in the phonatory system include:

23. Poor articulation, poor vowel discrimination, improper placement of articulator

25. Spoken Language Approaches:

26. 1)Auditory/Oral: makes use of residual hearing through hearing aids or cochlear implants and lip reading to maximize input

27. 2) Auditory/Verbal: believes that children with hearing loss can be taught to use any residual hearing they have. Encourages listening without visual cues such as sign language or lip reading.

28. 3)Cued Speech: a visual system to demonstrate phonetic info with hand signals along with natural speech movements. Therapists will also use tactile cues to increase input.

29. A video online that shows a therapist working with a deaf child on pitch and intensity:

31. Sounds may be distorted and/or omitted from words

32. Example: “I caught a fish” may be spoken or written as “I cau_ fi_”

33. -May drop plural and possessive endings

34. Example: “The boy hat” for “The boy’s hat.”

35. Pitch, rhythm, stress, inflection and/or volume are inappropriate

36. Difficulty following oral and written directions people with a hearing impairment also have a limited vocabulary

37. A child with such a loss as difficulty learning the speech sounds

38. Child tends to distort, substitute, and omit many speech sounds

39. Childs voice will lack normal intonation and rhythm; the voice may also be of higher pitch

40. Children with hearing loss comprehend and produce shorter and simpler sentences than children with normal hearing.

42. Ossicles

43. malleus, incus, stapes

44. eustachian tube

45. Outer Ear

46. Pinna

47. ear canal

48. ear drum

49. Inner Ear

50. vestibular system

51. Cochlea

53. damage to outer/middle ear

54. air conduction

55. Sensorineural

56. damage to inner ear/auditory nerve

57. bone conduction

60. Articulation

61. final consonant deletion

62. volume of voice

64. hearing tests

65. hearing aids

66. Speech-Language Pathologist

67. pure tone hearing screenings

68. assist in language/speech problems

69. Other

70. face the other person

73. An electronic device that directly stimulates the auditory nerve by bypassing a person’s damaged cochlea.

74. Implants are able to detect and transmit a wide range of frequencies.

75. Parts: microphone, signal processor, transmitter and receiver/stimulator, and electrode array

76. This is used with sensorineural hearing loss.

77. When speech has more contextual cues and linguistic structure, then fewer electrodes in the implant need stimulated.

79. Hearing aids amplify sounds, they only make them louder.

80. They are limited in the high frequency range.

81. Styles: in-the-canal, in-the-ear, and behind-the-ear aids

82. Parts: microphone, amplifier, and speaker

83. If there is greater damage to the hair cells in the inner ear, then greater amplification is needed.

84. Other options include American Sign Language or Speech Reading