1. Art 271 Ch. 19 Pop Art

2. Looking ahead Today: Lecture on Assemblage, Happenings, Pop Art: Ch. 19 Tues. 11/17: Film: Andy Warhol. Also, discussion about MAG Paper due Thurs. Dec. 3rd Thurs. 11/19: Ch. 20, Sixties Abstraction: Minimalism REMINDER: NO CLASS WEEK OF NOV 24

3. 1950s & 1960s Beat Background Assemblage Happenings Pop Art

4. Historical Background: 1950s Conventional America: Emphasis on the nuclear family: TV’s ‘Leave it to Beaver’

5. 1950s Beat Generation Background “I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness, starving hysterical naked.” – Howl, 1955 Allen Ginsberg, Howl, 1955

6. 1950s Beat Culture BackgroundOn the Road, 1957 For: Jazz Zen Buddhism Experimentation Against: Conformity Materialism Mainstream

7. Art Movement: Assemblage (also called Neo-Dada) Artists gather seemingly random objects and put them together in unruly compositions to see what kind of meanings might emerge Emphasis on everyday surroundings for subject matter Create their works from the “refuse” of modern society Artists: Robert Rauschenberg, Jasper Johns Influences: Composer John Cage, Artist Marcel Duchamp (Dada)

8. Morris Louis, Saraband, 1959, over 8’ x 12’

9. Robert Rauschenberg, Canyon, 1959,Jasper Johns, Three Flags, 1958, encaustic on canvas

10. Marcel Duchamp, Bicycle Wheel, 1913 &Fountain, 1917 Readymades

11. John Cage, 1952 composer known for 4’ 33” – silent piece

12. Robert Rauschenberg (1925-2008)

13. 19.28, Robert Rauschenberg, Bed, Combine painting: oil and pencil on pillow, quilt, and sheet on wood supports, MOMA “Combine” – combination of painting and sculpture

14. 19.29, Robert Rauschenberg, Monogram, 1955-59Combine - combination of painting & sculpture

15. 19.30, Robert Rauschenberg, Estate, 1963. Oil on silkscreen ink on canvas, 8’ x 5’10”

16. Jasper Johns (b. 1930)

17. Assemblage Both Johns and Rauschenberg move away from individual personal expression and fixed identity associated with Abstract Expressionism toward an identity shaped by factors from the outside environment.

18. 19.31, Jasper Johns, Flags, 1954-55. Encaustic oil and collage on fabric mounted on plywood. MOMA

19. 19.32, Jasper Johns, Target with Plaster Casts, 1955. Encaustic and collage on canvas with wood construction and plaster casts. 51 x 44 x 3 ½ inches

20. Art Movement: Happenings Purpose: to call into question the idea that a work of art was an enduring record of artistic genius Sought to integrate art with life and extend art into a theatrical situation Approach: Ephemeral works; chance; mixed media **Audience is necessary to “activate” the work of art Influenced by: John Cage Dadaism (Duchamp) Action Painting Artist: Allan Kaprow

21. Happenings, Allan Kaprow, Yard, 1961 Early to mid 1960s Name Happening from Allan Kaprow’s 1st show at N.Y.’s Reuben Gallery 1959.

22. Hans Namuth, Jackson Pollock at work, 1950

23. Allan Kaprow, Yard, 1961, Happening: Environmental artwork activated by performers & viewers.

24. 19.36, Allan Kaprow, Photograph from Household, a Happening commissioned by Cornell University, 1964

25. Art Movement: Pop Art (1960s) Backdrop was rise of consumer culture/ advertising/ celebrity Pop Art was the union of art and popular culture. They embraced mass culture Deal with the “new”, the “store-bought” Pop artists borrowed images that were mass produced and made them repetitive British Pop Art came first: Richard Hamilton American Pop Art: Claes Oldenburg, Roy Lichtenstein, Andy Warhol

26. Pop Art Pop artists made an effort to make viewers aware of the extent to which advertising and the production/consumption cycle dominated everyday life America’s shared knowledge no longer came from “high culture” sources like literature, mythology, or religion, but rather from television, movies, and advertisements. Pop artists reflected this by blurring the distinction between art and consumption. The movement examined the effects of consumerism on human thought, emotion, and creativity. It posed the question: what is more important, the thing or its image?

27. BRITISH POP

28. 19.19, Richard Hamilton, Just What Is It That Makes Today’s Homes So Different, So Appealing?, 1956, collage, 10” x 9”

29. 1960sAMERICAN POP

30. Claes Oldenburg, Soft Typewriter, 1963

31. Claes Oldenburg Soft Pay Telephone, 1963 “Basically collectors want nudes…so I have supplied for them nude cars, nude telephones, nude electric plugs, nude switches…”

32. 19.41, ClaesOldenburg, The Store, 1961

33. Claes Oldenburg, Installation, Green Gallery, NY, 1962

34. 19.43, Claes Oldenburg, Geometric Mouse, Scale A, 1969-71, Aluminum, Steel, and Paint, 12’ tall, Walker Art Center, Minneapolis

35. 23.21, Claes Oldenburg, Batcolumn, 1977, Chicago

36. 23.22, Claes Oldenburg, Spoonbridge and Cherry, 1985-88. Aluminum, stainless steel, and paint. Walker Art Center, Minneapolis

37. roylichtenstein (1923-1997)Photo: 1985

38. Roy Lichtenstein, Oh, Jeff…I Love You, Too…But.., 1964, 48” x 48”

39. Roy Lichtenstein, Blam, 1962

40. Roy Lichtenstein, Image Duplicator, 1963

41. Morris Louis, Saraband, 1959, over 8’ x 12’ Lichtenstein, OK Hot Shot, 1963

42. Andy Warhol (1928-1987) Self Portrait, 1960

43. Andy Warhol, Self Portrait, 1967 If you want to know all about Andy Warhol, just look at the surface of my paintings and films and me, and there I am…There’s nothing behind it.-Warhol

44. Andy Warhol, Untitled (Shoes), 1956

45. Andy Warhol, Roll of Bills, 1962

46. Andy Warhol,32 Campbell’s Soup Cans, 1961-2, acrylic on canvas, each 20 x 16”

47. 19.58, Andy Warhol, Installation view of Campbell’s Soup Cans, Ferus Gallery, Los Angeles, 1962

48. 19.57, Andy Warhol, 210 Coke Bottles, 1962 “A coke is a Coke & no amount of money can get you a better Coke than the one the bum on the corner is drinking. All the Cokes are the same and all the Cokes are good”

49. Andy Warhol, Ambulance Disaster, 1963

50. Andy Warhol, Black and White Disaster, 1962 “The more you look at the same exact thing, the more the meaning goes away, and the better & emptier you feel”.-Warhol

51. Andy Warhol, Electric Chair, 1964

52. Andy Warhol, Birmingham Race Riot, 1964

53. Andy Warhol, The Week that Was, 1963

54. 19.59, Andy Warhol, Marilyn Monroe, 1962, Silkscreen ink on synthetic oil, acrylic, and silkscreen enamel on canvas, 20 x 16”

55. Andy Warhol, Monroe Diptych, 1962