Playful Toothbrush Teaches Kindergarteners Proper Tooth Brushing

Playful Toothbrush: Ubicomp Technology for Teaching Tooth Brushing to Kindergarten Children CHI 2008, Florence Italy Yu-Chen Chang, Chao-Ju Huang, Hao Chu , Peggy Chi National Taiwan University Jin-Ling Lo, Nan-Yi Hsu, Hisn-Yen Wang, Ya-Lin Hsieh National Taiwan University Hospital

Child Behavior Training ,[object Object],[object Object]

Persuade Children to Change Behaviors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

A Case Study: Child Tooth Brushing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Play-based Occupational Therapy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Play-Based O.T. Limitations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

HCI/UBICOMP Opportunities ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Playful Toothbrush Goals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Playful Toothbrush Brush extension Web camera for tracking brushing motions Camera #2 to record videos for later human analysis Brushing game

Play-based Occupational Therapy Model ,[object Object],Volition Performance Habituation Bring enough enjoyment to attract a child to participate in the target activity. Ensure a child will have a successful experience. Set appropriate level of difficulty. Apply reinforcement to reward good performance, so increase change of repeating desirable behavior. Enough times to become a habit.

Design Considerations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Playful Toothbrush Prototype (two main components) Vision-based brushing tracker Brushing game

Vision-based Brushing Tracker ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

How to recognize a brushing stroke on a specific teeth surface area? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Computer Vision Technique ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],x (θ roll ) z (θ yaw ) y brush extension

Accuracy Test (vision-based brushing tracker) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

8.4% 6.8% Average 12.0% 41/343 3.7% 241/6493 13 0% 0/168 2.4% 118/4974 12 17.6% 111/630 10.2% 695/6847 11 8.6% 115/1298 0.9% 32/3532 10 3.3% 23/688 3.4% 239/7104 9 12.2% 206/1288 13.5% 579/4302 8 0% 0/196 5.3% 290/5520 7 0% 0/80 2% 90/4551 6 9.5% 60/634 4.3% 209/4813 5 5.3% 20/380 11.7% 617/5270 4 16% 209/1304 6.5% 331/5130 3 14.8% 49/332 14.8% 880/5958 2 9.7% 47/483 9.2% 602/6521 1 (%) false positive rate (frame) (%) false negative rate (frame) Children

Brushing Game ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Brushing Game ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2 3 2

User Study ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

User Study Test Subjects ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

User Study Procedure (11 days spanned over 3 weeks) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

User Study: Brushing Effect ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

User Study: Brushing Behavior ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

User Study: Cleaning Effect Results 0 .70( 0 .14) 0 .18( 0 .10) 0 .88( 0 .14) Day 11 Follow-up 0.66(0.28) 0.16(0.07) 0.85(0.10) Average 0 .70( 0 .15) 0 .15( 0 .08) 0 .86( 0 .16) Day 10 0 .67( 0 .13) 0 .16( 0 .10) 0 .83( 0 .11) Day 9 Post - test 0.66(0.17) 0.08(0.06) 0.74(0.19) Average 0 .68( 0 .17) 0 .11( 0 .10) 0 .79( 0 .18) Day 8 0 .64( 0 .26) 0 .04( 0 .05) 0 .68( 0 .28) Day 6 0 .67( 0 .15) 0 .09( 0 .10) 0 .76( 0 .14) Day 4 Training 0 .32( 0 .21) 0 .37( 0 .18) 0 .69( 0 .25) Day 3 Pre-test Cleaning effect M ean ( SD ) After brushing M ean ( SD ) Before brushing M ean ( SD )

User Study: Brushing Behavior Results 120(36) 8.31(5.07) 239.62(107.48) Day 11 Follow-up 118(30) 8.46(4.82) 248.00(87.12) Average 99(31) 9.46(5.12) 214.31( 71.91) D ay 10 137(41) 7.46(4.89) 281.69(120.66) D ay 9 Posttest Average Training 76(45) 12.39(4.75) 190.46(138.38) Average 67(46) 13.46(5.35) 168.62(157.03) Day 3 84(53) 11.31(5.25) 212.31(137.77) Day 2 Pretest Brushing time M ean (SD) (sec) Number of unbrushed teeth areas M ean (SD) Number of brushing strokes M ean (SD)

Result Summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Conclusion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Examples of Other Persuasive Technologies

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Case Study: Playful Tray Encourage good eating habit in young children

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Case Study: Mug-Tree Encourage healthy habit of drinking fluid regularly

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Case Study: ChroMirror Persuade people to explore more colorful dressing

Lesson #4 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Lesson #1 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Lesson #2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Lesson #3 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Implementation Details ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Playful Toothbrush Teaches Kindergarteners Proper Tooth Brushing

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Playful Toothbrush Teaches Kindergarteners Proper Tooth Brushing

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