2. A Study of the Sports Shoes' insole Structures that Affect Decreasing Ground Reaction Force on Foot of Flat Foot Pattern Introduction Foot’s structures consist of 3 main components - Forefoot - Midfoot - hindfoot or rearfoot

3. Normal foot Flat foot High arch A Study of the Sports Shoes' insole Structures that Affect Decreasing Ground Reaction Force on Foot of Flat Foot Pattern Introduction

4. A Study of the Sports Shoes' insole Structures that Affect Decreasing Ground Reaction Force on Foot of Flat Foot Pattern Introduction Ratio of pronation symptom in boys 27% 0% 73% overpronation normal supination D-maq, 2547-2548

5. A Study of the Sports Shoes' insole Structures that Affect Decreasing Ground Reaction Force on Foot of Flat Foot Pattern Introduction Ratio of pronation symptom in girls 39% 60% 1% overpronation normal supination D-maq, 2547-2548

6. Functions of sports shoes -absorb the ground reaction force on feet -protect the feet from pain during exercising A Study of the Sports Shoes' insole Structures that Affect Decreasing Ground Reaction Force on Foot of Flat Foot Pattern Introduction

7. A Study of the Sports Shoes' insole Structures that Affect Decreasing Ground Reaction Force on Foot of Flat Foot Pattern Introduction

9. Research boundary Study i n Mahidol University students having the Body Mass Index (BMI) during 18 to 23 kilograms /square meters , exercising by running 10-15 kilometer per week for 3 months Age : 18-25 years old A Study of the Sports Shoes' insole Structures that Affect Decreasing Ground Reaction Force on Foot of Flat Foot Pattern

11. Variable Sports shoes' insole structures Ground reaction force Age Body Mass Index Velocity Strength ness Independent variable Dependent variable Controlled variable A Study of the Sports Shoes' insole Structures that Affect Decreasing Ground Reaction Force on Foot of Flat Foot Pattern

12. Definitions Force The ground reaction force that impact on subjects’ left foot when it contracts Force Platform at the fix point. In this research we will study the vertical ground reaction force only. The velocity that the subjects have to run on Force Platform is equal to 3.5 meter/sec A Study of the Sports Shoes' insole Structures that Affect Decreasing Ground Reaction Force on Foot of Flat Foot Pattern Controlled velocity

13. Definitions The distance that the subjects run on Force Platform is equal to 4.5 meter The pattern of foot segregated by analyzing the foot’s photographs to the lowered arch group and flat arch group A Study of the Sports Shoes' insole Structures that Affect Decreasing Ground Reaction Force on Foot of Flat Foot Pattern Controlled distance Flat foot

14. Related Research Effects of Shoe Inserts and Heel Height on Foot Pressure, Impact Force, and Perceived Comfort During Walking. (Yung-Hui L and Hong WH.,2005) Biomechanical aspects of running. (Nigg BM, 1986) A Study of the Sports Shoes' insole Structures that Affect Decreasing Ground Reaction Force on Foot of Flat Foot Pattern