1. TKT Module 1 Units 7, 8

2. Listening
Listening is a receptive skill which
involves making sense of meaningful
sounds of language.

3. To listen successfully we need:
 To understand the context
 To use our knowledge of language
 To use our knowledge of the world
 To understand different text types
 To understand different speed and
accents
 To use different subskills

4. Differences between spoken and
written languages:
WRITTEN LANGUAGE SPOKEN LANGUAGE
 Stays on the page
 Uses punctuation and
capital letters to show
sentences
 Consists of letters, words
etc.
 No body language involved
 Well organized (logical
structure)
 More complex grammar and
exact vocabulary

5. Differences between spoken and
written languages:
WRITTEN LANGUAGE SPOKEN LANGUAGE
 Stays on the page  Disappears as soon as it is
 spoken
Uses punctuation and capital
letters to show sentences
 Shows sentences through
stress and intonation
 Consists of letters, words etc.
 Consists of connected speech,
 No body language involved sentences, incomplete
 Well organized (logical sentences or words
structure)  Body language, facial
 More complex grammar and expressions, gestures
exact vocabulary  May have interruptions,
repetitions
 Uses rather general vocabulary
and simple grammar

6. Spoken texts can be:
 Coversations
 Stories
 Announcements
 Songs
 Instructions
 Lectures
 Advertisements

7. Listening subskills:
 Listen for gist
 Specific information
 Detail
 Attitude (what attitude a speaker is
expressing)
 Extensive listening

8. Separation of subskills training at
different age
Lower secondary student are trained to:
 Identify important words
 Understand and respond to simple
instuctions
 Recognise basic differences in information
(commands vs questions)
 Understand development of a simple story
 Identify main idea
 Etc.

9. Key concepts:
 Supply your learners with many sourses of spoken
language
 Listening based on visual support is easier to understand
 Introduce authentic listening
 Comprehension activities must be easier than the
listening itself
 Choose interesting stories to listen
 Vary focus – problem sounds, connected speech,
subskills, new language

10. Listening activities pattern
1. Intoduction (visualisation) – focus on
topic, language
2. Main activities – comprehension,
subskills
3. Post activities – personalisation,
discussion, dialogues

11. Speaking
Speaking is a productive skill, like
writing, and involves using language
to express meanings to other people.

12.  Pronounce words  Respond appropriately
 Answer questions  Persuade
 Use intonation  Tell stories
 Ask for clarification  Start speaking when
 Correct themselves someone else stops
 Take part in discussions  Use accurate grammar and
vocabulary
 Choose or change register
of the language according  Use tenses
to the situation  Take part in conversations
 Plan what they will say
 Smile
 Ask for and give
information

13. speaking means interaction with one or
more people using body language

14. Interactive strategies:
 Making eye contact
 Using facial expressions
 Asking check questions
 Clarifying your mening
 Confirming understanding

15. Speaking subskills:
 Fluency (speaking at a normal speed,
without hesitation, self-correction,
repetition with connected speech)
 Accuracy (using correct forms of
grammar, vocabulary and
pronunciation)

16. Key concepts:
 Focus learners on particular aspects of speaking
 Vary controlled practice with freer practice in order not
to limit communication
 Give learners a reason for communicating
 Give enough support, time and assessment to provide a
friendly environment for speaking
 Think of the way how to control (fluency vs accuracy)
 Prepare learners for speaking with practiced vocabulary
and grammar
 Don’t forget about TPR and silent period

17. Speaking activties pattern
 Lead-in – intro to the topic
 Practice activities
 Post-activities – a task where learners
can freely use new language in a
situation