Difference Between Search & Browse Methods in Odoo 17
Esp chap 4 materials design (finished)
1. Chapter 4
Designing
Materials in ESP
By:
Bazrina binti Ramly
(159209)
Lylia binti Aziz
(161759)
Nik Nor Nabillah Anis binti Nik Yahya (157814)
Sayidatul Fatima binti Mohd Mazeli
(160121)
2. Definition
Forms of Materials
Roles of Materials
Characteristics of Materials
Where to get Materials
Sample of Materials
Conclusion
Questions
3. Materials can be anything in
linguistic, visual, auditory and
kinaesthetic forms that are used to
facilitate the teaching and learning
process. (Tomlinsom,1998)
9. Materials specifically generated for
teachers that teach ESP.
Factors that need to be taken into
account:
• Matching carrier content to real
content
• Providing variety
• Grading exercises
• Presenting the material well
10. Real content
- the main purpose of the course
Carrier content
- aspects that is used to assist the
real content
(e.g.: English for Banking)
11.
12. Variety in micro-skills
- Focus on more than one macro-skill (e.g
writing, speaking, reading, listening)
Variety in types of activities
- Using visuals & thinking based activities (e.g
diagrams, flowcharts)
Variety in interaction
- Changes from teacher input to individual
work to pair work to class discussion
13. Grading basically helps provide
learners with tasks at different
levels of difficulty.
One way to achieve this is by
setting tasks in three levels. (e.g
unsupported, partially
supported, fully supported)
14.
15. Materials specifically generated by
learners for their own learning
experience.
Examples:
Framework materials
Activities that are devised by learners
16. Remove the difficulty to balance the
levels and appropriateness of carrier
and real content
Set a context or a framework
learners fit their own carrier content
and their existing language
competence
17. Relocation of head office to a new site
London Midlands
Prestigious Space to expand
Close to Heathrow Airport Some loss of personnel
Traffic Congestion More flexible layout
More expensive Good road and air
communication
Short-term relocation costs
Production Process
Advantages Disadvantages
18. Text comprehension
- A pair of learners prepare some comprehension
questions (as well as the answers) and exchange them
with another pair. Each pair will answer the other
pair's set of questions.
Note taking / Information transfer
- Learners themselves can think of some creative
activities to transfer information for their peers (and
their teachers)
Vocabulary Development
- Learners can generate their own sets or word
partnerships
19. Carefully selected so that it’ll be appropriate
to the subject
Make sure do not go out of the intended topic
Teacher knows the level of the students’
language knowledge and the target level
they want to achieve (course objectives)
Select or design materials/task that will
simulate the students’ real-life situation as
closely as possible
Leave room for flexibility
20. Teachers should consider the following
questions in selecting the materials (Lewis &
Hill,1993) :
Will the materials be useful to the
students?
Do they stimulate students’ curiosity?
Are the materials relevant to the students
and their needs?
Are they fun to do?
Will the students find the tasks and
activities worth doing?
21. I) Textbook-based
Readily available
Psychologically represents something
concrete
Publishers, commercial companies
Bookstores, conferences, colleagues, friends,
web pages
Teachers will know what materials are
available and what materials are
appropriate for various purposes
Be creative
22. II) Tailor-made
More precisely geared to the needs of the
students
Collecting the materials when the teachers
go abroad to English speaking country
Browsing the internet for ideas
TVs and radios (current information)
Printed materials
Provide the teachers with the opportunity to
decide on the vocabulary, functions and
structures combination that will be most
relevant
23. Teachers can rely on some important
considerations (Haycraft, 1987):
length of the course.
The target audience of the course.
The appropriate structural grading: students
should be taught what they need to know “in
the right order with the right priorities”.
The vocabulary should be useful and in current
use.
The appropriate idiomatic English.
The materials should be “visually alive” and
“well presented”.
25. Definition of materials
Forms of materials
The role of materials
Categories of materials
Materials Selection
Sources of materials
Sample of materials
26. Materials are not just a mere tools
that can be randomly use to assist
the teaching and learning process,
but, materials are also one of the
important aspects in teaching ESP
to guide the teachers and students
in understanding the subjects
better.
27. Briefly define the meaning of
materials.
Briefly explain two roles of materials
for ESP teaching and learning.
What are the three categories of the
materials?
How does a teacher get ideas for
tailor-made materials? Explain.
Give one benefit each for textbook
and tailor-made materials.