Hemoglobin is the substance in red blood cells that transports oxygen throughout the body. It gives red blood cells their red color and is made in the bone marrow as needed. The transport of oxygen by hemoglobin is an example of chemical bonding through ionic and covalent bonding. Maintaining the proper pH level of 7.35 to 7.45 in blood is important for hemoglobin and other proteins to function correctly. Blood doping artificially increases red blood cell count to improve athletic performance but has serious health risks like kidney damage and blood clots.

1. Chemical BondingPower point By: Marissa Rooney All pictures found at google.com

3. Hemoglobin is the reason red blood cells appear red.

8. This blood is usually processed in order to create a concentration of red blood cells, then frozen until needed for transfusion back into the athlete shortly before the event.

13. Ex2 The recent doping scandal of the last Tour de France cycling competition drew the attention of the media to practices which, until then, had remained covert. This media coverage has increased public awareness of this phenomenon. Indeed, due to their scope and sophistication, doping practices are a threat to more than just the world of sport. Though first considered to be no more than a cheating problem, the doping issue has reached such proportions that it now concerns society as a whole. As the stakes involved in sport grow higher and the phenomenon more widespread, the moral values attached to sport are increasingly called into question and the health of athletes increasingly at risk. http://www.cnrs.fr/cw/en/pres/compress/dopage/dopage2.html

14. Side effects Blood doping is cheating and has several unhealthy side effects. Injecting blood doping chemicals can cause kidney damage, jaundice (the skin, eyes and body fluids turn yellow) and blood clots. Re-injecting blood from an athlete's own body can cause blood infections and heart problems.