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6/11/2011     hro
1

                      2


                  3

            4



6/11/2011       hro
1
            ATTITUDE
                           Read 1

                                             2
                                         Take note

                       3                       4
            Revision                               Recall




                                           5
                                    Evaluate

            PROACTIVE, POSITIVE THINKING,
6/11/2011   PHYSICALLY AND MENTALLY HEALTHY .
                          hro
2
                                   TIME MANAGEMENT ?




                                   BEFORE EXAM, DURING EXAM

      6/11/2011                           hro
Hajah Rokiah Hj Othman smktp2011
3
            Skills In Physics




6/11/2011           hro
4

                     physics
                Examination papers




    6/11/2011           hro
Physics Assessments Format
                     SPM 2011

                 Paper 1 - 4531/1
                 Paper 2 - 4531/2
                 Paper 3 - 4531/3
                Peka physics 4531/4

6/11/2011               hro
6/11/2011   hro
6/11/2011   hro
1. INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS
                    WHAT TO LEARN?
              2. FORCES AND MOTION
                 3. FORCES AND PRESSURE
                     4. HEAT
                        5. LIGHT
                           6. WAVE
                               7. ELECTRIC
                                      8. ELECTROMAGNETISM.
                                      9. ELECTRONIC
                  STYLE OF LEARNING
                                10.RADIOACTIVE
                  SYLLABUS
              MASTERING THE TOPICS AND THE SYLLABUS

6/11/2011                       hro
6/11/2011   hro
QUESTION ELEMENTS
•    Knowledge
•    Understanding
•    Applications of knowledge
•    Problem solving
•    Conceptualization
•    Decision making
6/11/2011            hro
KNOWLEDGE
            An ability to recall back or
            to identify specific matters
            in the contents of Physics
            for example facts,
            concepts, principles,
            theory and laws.
6/11/2011               hro
SUMMARY


                               principles

             Facts                                 concept

                      KNOWLEDGE

                     Theory                 laws



              MASTER AND EXPLORE IT THEN YOU`LL
                 UNDERSTAND PHYSICS BETTER
6/11/2011                     hro
6/11/2011   hro
Example of knowledge questions
• What is meant by displacement?
         Path taken /distance in a specific direction.
• What is meant by resistance? V = IR, R = V/I
• What is meant by speed?
     Ratio of voltage to the current flows in a conductor//
• What is meant by pressure?
• What is R =V/I states the meaning of the symbols,
          meant by momentum?
• (a) What does the term isotope mean? I = current,
          R= resistance, V = voltage,
• What is meant by power?


6/11/2011                 hro
1. Diagram 1 shows a slinky spring
             being moved left and right
        (b) On Diagram continuously of the crests of the
                         1, mark ‘X’ on any one
     (c) complete the following sentence by underlining the correct
    wave.                                              [1 mark]
  phrase in the bracket.
  The direction of the hand movement is ( the same as/
  perpendicular to the direction of the wave movement)
                  x         x
 (a)Complete the sentence below by ticking (x) the correct box.
                                                        [1 mark]
 The wave produced by the slinky is a Energy
  (d) What is transferred by the wave? ……………..
 Transverse wave                x
                              -------
 Longitudinal wave             -------
                                                      [1 mark]




Q1
     6/11/2011                      hro             SPM 2008 Q1
2006
         - What type of wave is the sound waves?
            Longitudinal wave            [1 mark]
      - What is meant by magnetic field?
       A region of magnetic force [1mark ]


6/11/2011                hro
(b) Draw the position of
 the second glass prism at A
(c) complete
the ray path
in the instrument above
             (a) Name the optical instrument P?


                                            periscope




 6/11/2011                      hro
High force/ High energy/Hard surface




                                                   SPM 2009 Q2
              Impulsive force
6/11/2011                         hro
Momentum = mass x velocity

                        = 0.05 kg x 5 m/s

                        = 0.25 kgm/s
                                                  SPM 2009 Q2




            Put sponge / plasticine on the wooden block


6/11/2011                          hro
Reflection



                                            SPM 2008 Q2
            Virtual // laterally inverted
6/11/2011                       hro
6/11/2011   hro
The action of gravitational force on mass //
    W = mg , w= weight, m= mass, g = gravitational force




               2



            Upthrust force // buoyant force


6/11/2011                      hro
Q3
      4. Diagram 3.1 and Diagram 3.2
            show two photographs of
               electrical circuits.
            (a) Which diagram shows a parallel circuit?
                Diagram 3.2
              ……………………………………………
                             [1 mark]




6/11/2011                  SPM 2008 Q3
                               hro
5       Diagram 7.1 shows a hydraulic system. A force F is    Q7
            exerted on the small piston.




•           (a)(i) Name the principle involved in this hydraulic
            system.
•             Pascal’s principle // pascal Rej : wrong spelling
            ……………………………………….[1 mark]
•            (ii) Compare the pressure at point P and at point Q.
•           Same // equal // P = Q // Pp = PQ // no difference
            …………………………….[1 mark]
6/11/2011
             Rej : serupa // setara // hro
                                       simillar          SPM 2008 Q7
7.
                                       7.




                  State the energy change involved when using the
                     heater to heat the water.
               Electrical energy to heat energy
          ……………………………………………                             [1 mark]
      6/11/2011                        hro
Hajah Rokiah Hj Othman smktp2010                      SPM 2008 Q8
(a)Name the light phenomenon involved at Y.      [1 mark]

            Total internal reflection
       ……………………………………………                        [1 mark]


6/11/2011
                                          SPM 2008 Q11
                                 hro
9




6/11/2011   hro
Number of complete oscillation in one second

6/11/2011                     hro
Region X is deeper than region Y



            Wave length of region X is longer than region Y



            The deeper the depth the longer the wave length



            Refraction
6/11/2011                         hro
Understanding Element

• Understanding concept and principle of
  physics:
  the ability to interpret, translate,
  extrapolate and understand concept or
  principles in physics fields which involve
  the use of knowledge without new situation
  and do not require explanation about the
  implications towards the knowledge
6/11/2011             hro
10




            Boyle’ law




                 Pressure decreases
                 Pressure is directly proportional to depth
     6/11/2011                          hro
Q3
11
                                         SPM 2008 Q3




(C) (iii) One of the 10 Ω resistors is removed from
the circuit. What happens to the ammeter
reading?
Decreases // smaller // reduce //    .
less // lower // less than 2A [1 mark]
6/11/2011                hro
Section B 2005                                      Q 10

(e) Figure 6.1 shows the arrangement of the apparatus for
       an experiment to study a wave phenomenon.


             (i) Figure 6.2 shows the bright and dark bands of the
             wave pattern formed on the screen when plane waves
             pass through narrow and wide gaps.
                                                           [4 marks]
             (ii) Observe Figure 6.2. Compare the wave patterns and
             the wavelengths of the waves before and after they
             pass through the gaps. Relate the size of the gaps, the
             wave patterns and the wavelengths to deduce a relevant
             physics concept.
                                                            [5 marks ]
6/11/2011                         hro
12          (a)(i) Explain how the dark and light
               bands are formed on the screen.
                                                  [4]
               (ii) Observe Figure 6.2. Compare the
              wave patterns and the wavelengths of
              the waves before and after they pass
              through the gaps. Relate the size of
              the gaps, the wave patterns and the
              wavelengths to deduce a relevant
              physics concept.
                                                   [5]
6/11/2011                   hro
10 (a) (i) 1 (region ) crest /convex shape / convex
                      lens

     Labelled
     diagram
                  1   Light is focussed on the crest produce
                      bright region

     No need to   1   (region ) trough /concave shape /
     labelled
     diagram          concave lens

C
      Labelled    1   Light is diverged on the trough
      diagram         produce dark region
    6/11/2011                  hro
Eg. Labeled diagram




6/11/2011            hro
13
                      Understanding




            •   Before a football tournament, the ball to use in the
                game must have a suitable pressure. Explain why a
                ball with less pressure is not suitable for the football
                tournament.
                                                           [3 marks]

6/11/2011                           hro
Suggested answer
            • Ball with a suitable pressure have
              small/ less reaction time
            • So the impulsive force is greater,

                       (mv – mu)
               F   =
                           t

            • And the ball can goes further

6/11/2011                  hro
Q 10
14           (d) Diagram 10.3 shows two thin copper strips, PQ
             and RS connected to a circuit



      1 - When current flows the magnetic field is
      formed // Diagram
      2 –The flow of current is in the apposite
      direction // Diagram
      3 – The magnetic field between the two plates are
      in the same direction // Diagram
      4 – The two pieces of thin copper repulse against
      one another // Diagram

  Explain what happens to PQ and RS, when the switch is on.   [4 marks]
 6/11/2011                       hro
Mark given on diagram
                                         1 - When current flows the
                                         magnetic field is formed //
                                         Diagram       2 –The flow of current
                                                       is in the apposite
                                                       direction // Diagram
                Force                   Force
                                                    3 – The magnetic field
                                                    between the two plates are
                                                    in the same direction //
                                                    Diagram




            4 – The two pieces
            of thin copper
            repulse against one
            another // Diagram
6/11/2011                         hro
Knowledge Application
          criteria                  Example of key words:
    • Use knowledge to              • Apply
      explain clearly               • Show ,complete,
                                    • explain
                                    • Solve
          • Use method, concept,
                                    • modify
            theory in new situation
                                    • Relate
                                    • Change
          • Solve problem using     • Classified
            knowledge and           • Picturised
            understanding           • Illustrate
                                    • Calculate
6/11/2011                      hro  • Sketch /draw
15




                     image




Q2 6/11/2011   hro           SPM 2008 Q2
16




 6/11/2011   hro   SPM 2008 Q11
Calculate the critical angle of diamond and of glass
16                                                      [ 2 marks]
1- Sin c = 1/ n      // sin c glass =    // sin c diamond =

2- c glass = 41.8 0 (sehingga 41.8103) and c diamond = 24.4 0
(sehingga 24.4075) (Remark: Mesti ada kedua2 nilai)

                                                              In glass:
                                                              1- Draw ray from
                                                              glass refract away
                                                              from normal
                                                              In diamond:
                                                              2- Draw total
                                                              internal reflection
                                                              3- Draw another 2
                                                              total internal
  6/11/2011                             hro                   reflection2008 Q11
                                                                SPM
17      Diagram 3.3 shows
        an electrical circuit.
        Assume that the
        internal resistance
        of the battery is
        negligible.
 •      Calculate the
                                                  What is the reading of the
        effective resistance
                                                      ammeter?
        of the circuit.                           [1 mark]   12
 Method : 1-show how to calculate the                                  2A
 effective resistance in parallel circuit   10 x10
 2 – how to get effective resistance in the 10 10
                                                     5ohm     6
 circuit
              1Ω + 5 Ω = 6 Ω                                      [2 marks]
 6/11/2011                                  hro
18




 6/11/2011   hro
2     (a)       (i)    1   The distance in figure 6.2 is further / vice
                           versa
                (ii)   1
                           The work done by the
                           pupil in figure 6.2 is higher / vice versa

                (iii) 1    W = 20 x 0.5
                       1
                             = 10 Nm // J
      (b)       (i)    1   As the energy increases the distance of
                           projection increases / vice versa
                (ii)   1   The energy conservation principle

      (c)       (i)    1   The time is the same

                (ii)   1
                           The falling height is the same / the mass
    6/11/2011              does not influence the time of fall
                                        hro
CONCEPTUALISATION
                ELEMENT
        • The ability to reason by identifying
          and analysing common
          characteristics or variables involve,
          and synthesis the common
          characteristic or relation with
          variables to create a physics
          concept..
6/11/2011                hro
CONCEPTUALISATION ELEMENT
  CRITERIA
            • - list common characteristics
              correctly
            • - classify or explain common
              characteristic or variables
              correctly
            • - relate characteristic and
              variables to create concept
              correctly with identical
              justification.
6/11/2011                    hro
Observe Figure 6.2. Compare the wave patterns and the
            wavelengths of the waves before and after they pass
            through the gaps. Relate the size of the gaps, the wave
            patterns and the wavelengths to deduce a relevant physics
            concept.
                                                       [5]




6/11/2011                          hro
10 (a) (ii) 1 Wave length does not change /same
                          / constant (before and after the
                          waves....)
                       2 Before passing (front ) is a plain
                         wave /straight
                       3 (front ) wave (in both situations)
                         curved / dispersed after passing the
                         gaps
                       4 Wide gap less curve and when
                         passing through a narrow gap the
                         wave is spherical / round /
                       5 The smaller the gap the more
6/11/2011
                         curvehro wave // vice versa
                               the
Problem solving
            • The ability of using knowledge ,
              scientific skills and thinking skills
              to solve physics problem by
            • Scientific and non scientific
              investigation
            • Qualitatively and
            • Quantitatively with systematic
6/11/2011
              and well planned
                          hro
ELEMENT : PROBLEM SOLVING
                   IN A QUALITATIVE WAY
The ability to solve qualitative
problems in a systematic and
organized manner
Paper 2 Section A No.7
              Section B   No. 9 (c), No. 10 (c)



 6/11/2011                      hro
Example 1
You are given two pieces of plane mirror measuring 5 cm x 6 cm to
     make a periscope.
(i) Using these mirrors and other materials, describe how you would
     make a periscope.                                (4 marks)


1. Material to make the box –
   cardboard/manila card/plywood
2. Holes for light to enter and
   leave the periscope
3. Correct positions of mirrors –
   facing the holes
4. Placing mirrors at angle of 45
     6/11/2011                   hro
Problem solving




   6/11/2011      hro
Problem solving




      Small incubator
                              Incubator for 200 eggs



   6/11/2011            hro
DECISION MAKING ELEMENT
            • The ability to choose best solving
              alternative for a problem referring to
              certain criteria to achieve the objective.
            • The aspects of identifying, analysing and
              evaluating all problem solving alternatives
              to choose suitable alternative with the
              objective for making decision and state
              decision justification that have been taken.

6/11/2011                    hro
ELEMENT : MAKING DECISIONS
The ability to identify objectives, analyse and
assess all alternatives to solving a problem,
choosing the most suitable alternative and
justifying the choice made


Paper 2 Section A No. 8
              Section C No. 11, No.12

  6/11/2011                   hro
Push     or   Pull   ?
6/11/2011          hro
Paper 2 Section A
 Example 1




  Figure 1.1                                                 Figure 1.2
(a)On Figure 1.1 and Figure 1.2, indicate and label :
  (i) the direction of force F exerted by the gardener on the handle
  of each wheelbarrow to make it move ;
 (ii) the direction of the vertical component FY of the force in (a) (i).
(b)(i) Based on the answers in (a) (i) and (a) (ii), which of the
   way is more suitable on a muddy road?
     6/11/2011                    hro
   (ii) Explain the reason for your answer in (b) (i).
Example 1                    Answers

                                            Fy
                             F                   F




                                 Fy




             (b) (i) The way used in Figure 1.2 (pulling) is more
             suitable to be used on a muddy road.
             (ii) When the wheelbarrow is pulled, the force
             component FY acts upwards. The resultant force (W –
             F Y) downwards is smaller.

 6/11/2011                            hro
Example 2
 Encik Ahmad will be taking part in a four-wheel drive expedition to Taman
 Negara. In the expedition, he will have to drive through a hilly and unpaved
 area, and to cross streams. like to try the decision making
              Would you
                                     question?
 Table 1 shows the characteristic of vehicles that can be used in the expedition

                characteristic Mass/Kg   Engine CapacityTypes of Diameter of
        You are asked to investigate/ the               engine
                                                   characteristics
                                                                 tyres/mm
  vehicles                       (cc) cm3
          of the four wheel drive that can be used in
                                                   Diesel 800
              P           3000        2000
         the expedition.
         Based on the table as shown in Table 1;
              Q                                    Petrol 400
                          1000        1500
         (I) Explain the suitability of each characteristics of
             the vehicles 2000 table above
              R            in the     2500         Diesel 600
         (ii) Determine the most suitable vehicle to
             participate in the expedition.
              S           1800        2000         petrol 500

                T             1500       2500              [petrol 500]
                                                             10 marks
    6/11/2011                            hro
Study the given characteristics
                  characteristic   Mass/Kg   Engine Capacity   Types of   Diameter
                                                               engine     of
            vehicles                         (cc) / cm3
                                                                          tyres/mm
                      P            3000      2000              Diesel     800
                      Q            1000      1500              Petrol     400
                      R            2000      2500              Diesel     600
                      S            1800      2000              petrol     500
                      T            1500      2500              petrol     500
6/11/2011                              hro
Section C (Decision Making)
             NOTE:

             • DON’T WRITE THE CRITERIA FOR ALL THE
               CHOICE GIVEN IN THE QUESTION
             • DON’T STATE VALUE
             • DON’T COMPARE BETWEEN THE CRITERIA




6/11/2011                  hro
Section C (Decision Making)
             NOTE:

             • DO WRITE EACH CRITERIA FOR THE
               CHOSEN SUBJECT
             • DO STATE THE CHARACTERISTIC AS HIGH /
               LOW /LARGE /SMALL
             • DO THE JUSTIFICATION BY REPEATING ALL
               THE CHARACTERICS OF THE CHOSEN
               SUBJECT.



6/11/2011                  hro
You may answer in table form
                  Characteristics                     Reason
            Large Mass                      more stable across the
                                            stream
            High Engine Capacity            More powerful on hilly and
                                            unpaved road
            Types of engine-Diesel          Cheaper and economic
            Diameter of tyres Large         Increases surface area
                                            produce less pressure
            Choose R                        Large mass, High Engine
                                            Capacity , use diesel and has
                                            large diameter of tyres
6/11/2011                             hro
A new harbour is to be built at a new location. The suggested
new location is either at a bay or a cape. Four models for the
structure of the retaining wall are given. Table 12 shows the
location and the characteristics of the four retaining wall




       Explain the best location and the suitability
         of each characteristic in Table 12.
         Determine the most suitable retaining wall
         to be used. Give reasons for your choice.

                                     [ 10 marks ]


  6/11/2011                    hro
                                                   SPM 2008 Q12
Study the given characteristics




6/11/2011               hro
                                   SPM 2008 Q12
You may answer in table form
         Characteristics                     Reason
              Bay
    Location …………..                   calmer // waves energy
                                      smaller
    Structure of retaining wall      speed decrease //
        Sloping                      wavelength decrease
    Surface of retaining wall         absorb energy //
       Uneven surface
    ………………………                         reduce energy
    Height of retaining wall      protect from high wave //
    ……………………..
    High retaining wall           prevent water from overflowing

          Choose W because at bay, sloping, uneven surface and
6/11/2011
          high retaing wall    hro
6/11/2011   hro
PHYSICS 2
            • PAPER 2 , CODE 4531/2
            • Questions consists of three sections
            • SECTION A –STRUCTURED QUESTION: 8
              COMPULSORY QUESTIONS
            • SECTION B – ESSAY QUESTION : 2
              QUESTION (CHOOSE ONE)
            • SECTION C – ESSAY QUESTION : 2
              QUESTION (CHOOSE ONE)

6/11/2011                   hro
PAPER 2 (4531/2)
• Type of Instrument : Subjective Test
• Type of Item : Subjective Items
• Number of Questions :
  Section A : 8 structured questions (Answer all)
  Section B : 2 (Choose one)
  Section C : 2 (Choose one)
• Total Marks : 100
• Duration of Test : 2 hr 30 min
• Elements Assessed Knowledge, Understanding,
  Application, Problem Solving (Qualitative, Quantitative),
  Conceptualization, Making Decisions
• Things to Bring : Scientific Calculator
   6/11/2011                hro
CONCEPTUALISING
                        compare




PROBLEM SOLVING
                        modify




DECISION MAKING

                         select
  6/11/2011       hro
PAPER 3 (4531/3)
• Type of Instrument : Written Practical Test
• Number of Questions :
       Section A : 2 (Answer both)
       Section B : 2 (Choose 1 )
• Total marks        : 40
• Duration of Test : 1 hr 30 minutes
• Element assessed : Problem Solving through
  scientific investigation (experimenting)
• Things to bring : Scientific calculator, Protractor,
                      Ruler 30 cm, Compass


   6/11/2011                 hro
PHYSICS 3




   6/11/2011   hro
PHYSICS 3       Take readings (measure / read scale)
                Tabulate results
                Plot a graph
                State the relationship


                 Graph shown - extrapolate / intrapolate
                 Calculate the gradient
                 Calculate related quantities
                 State precautions

               Observe the diagrams
               State an inference
               State a hypothesis
               Describe experiment, stating aim, variables,
               apparatus and materials, set-up, procedure,
               table of data, analyzing the data


   6/11/2011      hro
Paper 3 Question 2
• You have to draw a graph
• Construct V Peka physics
• To determine the gradient of the graph

   Analyzing the Data                Graph


6/11/2011             hro
Smooth graph




6/11/2011        hro
Don’t join the points of the graph




6/11/2011             hro
Analyzing the Data                               Graph

            State how the data is analyzed to make a conclusion

               quantity / unit
 Responding
 variable
                                                  Manipulated
                                                  variable


                                        quantity / unit



6/11/2011                         hro
Graph
                                  Example
                                          Best fit
                                       straight line
Extension e / mm




                                      Minimum size 8cm X 10 cm




      0                                 Force F / N


                  Uniform scale ( not odd)
      6/11/2011                         hro
Graph
                           Best Fit Straight Line
                                Example 1 Title
                         Graph of distance against time
            Distance/m




                                         Approximately
                                         equal number of
                                         points on both
                                         sides of the line




6/11/2011
                                                     Time/s
                                  hro
Graph : Best Fit Straight Line
                     Example 2

             Correct graph         Not the best fit line




6/11/2011                    hro
Graph
          Extrapolating a graph
Extrapolation is producing a straight line graph in order to
estimate a value beyond the range of experimental values
Example 1




                            Extrapolating the
                            graph to intercept the
   6/11/2011                axis
                              hro
Extrapolation
             Example 2




6/11/2011        hro
Extrapolation
                       Example 2


     E.m.f. = 1.5 V




6/11/2011                hro
Gradient of the graph
            The gradient of the graph is?




                    -Sufficiently large triangle - 8 cm X 8 cm
                    - State value of the gradient with correct unit.
6/11/2011                            hro
Graph
            Determining the gradient of a graph
        Gradient of a graph =         Δy
                                      Δx
                          Draw a big right-angled triangle
                          on the graph paper
                                                    8 cm x 8 cm


                                                         Show
                                                         working
                                Gradient = 16 m s-1
                                             20 s
                                                              Answer
                                           = 0.8 m s-2         plus
                                                               unit
6/11/2011                       hro
Making a Conclusion
                     Example

1. The extension is directly proportional to the force
2. The period of oscillation of a pendulum is directly
   proportional to the square root of its length
3. The mass is inversely proportional to the period of an
   inertial balance
4. Linearly increase
5. Linearly decrease

  6/11/2011                 hro
Graph conclusions
                                Linearly
                Linearly        decrease
                increase




                  Directly       Inversely
                  propotional    propotional



6/11/2011              hro
State the precautions should be
                         taken
• The circuit connections must be tight
• Off the switch after taking the reading of the
  meters.
• Make sure the amplitude of oscillation is small.
• Eye must be perpendicular to the scale taken
• Ensure that the object, lens and screen are placed
  vertically


6/11/2011                 hro
Let’s explore physics 2
              SECTION A : structured questions



            Question 1 – knowledge& understanding
            Question 2, 3 & 4 – knowledge,
            understanding, application

            Question 5 & 6– knowledge ,
            understanding , conceptualisation
            Question 7– knowledge , understanding ,
            application,problem solving
            Question 8– knowledge, application,decision making

6/11/2011                         hro
6/11/2011   hro
6/11/2011   hro
BERUSAHA DAN BERTAQWA AGAR
             CEMERLANG DUNIA DAN AKHIRAT.
            HAJAH ROKIAH HAJI OTHMAN,smsc,physics,Julai09



6/11/2011                                            hro

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PHYSICS TALK SMKTP 2011

  • 1. Nice to see you 11 6/11/2011 hro
  • 2. 1 2 3 4 6/11/2011 hro
  • 3. 1 ATTITUDE Read 1 2 Take note 3 4 Revision Recall 5 Evaluate PROACTIVE, POSITIVE THINKING, 6/11/2011 PHYSICALLY AND MENTALLY HEALTHY . hro
  • 4. 2 TIME MANAGEMENT ? BEFORE EXAM, DURING EXAM 6/11/2011 hro Hajah Rokiah Hj Othman smktp2011
  • 5. 3 Skills In Physics 6/11/2011 hro
  • 6. 4 physics Examination papers 6/11/2011 hro
  • 7. Physics Assessments Format SPM 2011 Paper 1 - 4531/1 Paper 2 - 4531/2 Paper 3 - 4531/3 Peka physics 4531/4 6/11/2011 hro
  • 8. 6/11/2011 hro
  • 9. 6/11/2011 hro
  • 10. 1. INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS WHAT TO LEARN? 2. FORCES AND MOTION 3. FORCES AND PRESSURE 4. HEAT 5. LIGHT 6. WAVE 7. ELECTRIC 8. ELECTROMAGNETISM. 9. ELECTRONIC STYLE OF LEARNING 10.RADIOACTIVE SYLLABUS MASTERING THE TOPICS AND THE SYLLABUS 6/11/2011 hro
  • 11. 6/11/2011 hro
  • 12. QUESTION ELEMENTS • Knowledge • Understanding • Applications of knowledge • Problem solving • Conceptualization • Decision making 6/11/2011 hro
  • 13. KNOWLEDGE An ability to recall back or to identify specific matters in the contents of Physics for example facts, concepts, principles, theory and laws. 6/11/2011 hro
  • 14. SUMMARY principles Facts concept KNOWLEDGE Theory laws MASTER AND EXPLORE IT THEN YOU`LL UNDERSTAND PHYSICS BETTER 6/11/2011 hro
  • 15. 6/11/2011 hro
  • 16. Example of knowledge questions • What is meant by displacement? Path taken /distance in a specific direction. • What is meant by resistance? V = IR, R = V/I • What is meant by speed? Ratio of voltage to the current flows in a conductor// • What is meant by pressure? • What is R =V/I states the meaning of the symbols, meant by momentum? • (a) What does the term isotope mean? I = current, R= resistance, V = voltage, • What is meant by power? 6/11/2011 hro
  • 17. 1. Diagram 1 shows a slinky spring being moved left and right (b) On Diagram continuously of the crests of the 1, mark ‘X’ on any one (c) complete the following sentence by underlining the correct wave. [1 mark] phrase in the bracket. The direction of the hand movement is ( the same as/ perpendicular to the direction of the wave movement) x x (a)Complete the sentence below by ticking (x) the correct box. [1 mark] The wave produced by the slinky is a Energy (d) What is transferred by the wave? …………….. Transverse wave x ------- Longitudinal wave ------- [1 mark] Q1 6/11/2011 hro SPM 2008 Q1
  • 18. 2006 - What type of wave is the sound waves? Longitudinal wave [1 mark] - What is meant by magnetic field? A region of magnetic force [1mark ] 6/11/2011 hro
  • 19. (b) Draw the position of the second glass prism at A (c) complete the ray path in the instrument above (a) Name the optical instrument P? periscope 6/11/2011 hro
  • 20. High force/ High energy/Hard surface SPM 2009 Q2 Impulsive force 6/11/2011 hro
  • 21. Momentum = mass x velocity = 0.05 kg x 5 m/s = 0.25 kgm/s SPM 2009 Q2 Put sponge / plasticine on the wooden block 6/11/2011 hro
  • 22. Reflection SPM 2008 Q2 Virtual // laterally inverted 6/11/2011 hro
  • 23. 6/11/2011 hro
  • 24. The action of gravitational force on mass // W = mg , w= weight, m= mass, g = gravitational force 2 Upthrust force // buoyant force 6/11/2011 hro
  • 25. Q3 4. Diagram 3.1 and Diagram 3.2 show two photographs of electrical circuits. (a) Which diagram shows a parallel circuit? Diagram 3.2 …………………………………………… [1 mark] 6/11/2011 SPM 2008 Q3 hro
  • 26. 5 Diagram 7.1 shows a hydraulic system. A force F is Q7 exerted on the small piston. • (a)(i) Name the principle involved in this hydraulic system. • Pascal’s principle // pascal Rej : wrong spelling ……………………………………….[1 mark] • (ii) Compare the pressure at point P and at point Q. • Same // equal // P = Q // Pp = PQ // no difference …………………………….[1 mark] 6/11/2011 Rej : serupa // setara // hro simillar SPM 2008 Q7
  • 27. 7. 7. State the energy change involved when using the heater to heat the water. Electrical energy to heat energy …………………………………………… [1 mark] 6/11/2011 hro Hajah Rokiah Hj Othman smktp2010 SPM 2008 Q8
  • 28. (a)Name the light phenomenon involved at Y. [1 mark] Total internal reflection …………………………………………… [1 mark] 6/11/2011 SPM 2008 Q11 hro
  • 29. 9 6/11/2011 hro
  • 30. Number of complete oscillation in one second 6/11/2011 hro
  • 31. Region X is deeper than region Y Wave length of region X is longer than region Y The deeper the depth the longer the wave length Refraction 6/11/2011 hro
  • 32. Understanding Element • Understanding concept and principle of physics: the ability to interpret, translate, extrapolate and understand concept or principles in physics fields which involve the use of knowledge without new situation and do not require explanation about the implications towards the knowledge 6/11/2011 hro
  • 33. 10 Boyle’ law Pressure decreases Pressure is directly proportional to depth 6/11/2011 hro
  • 34. Q3 11 SPM 2008 Q3 (C) (iii) One of the 10 Ω resistors is removed from the circuit. What happens to the ammeter reading? Decreases // smaller // reduce // . less // lower // less than 2A [1 mark] 6/11/2011 hro
  • 35. Section B 2005 Q 10 (e) Figure 6.1 shows the arrangement of the apparatus for an experiment to study a wave phenomenon. (i) Figure 6.2 shows the bright and dark bands of the wave pattern formed on the screen when plane waves pass through narrow and wide gaps. [4 marks] (ii) Observe Figure 6.2. Compare the wave patterns and the wavelengths of the waves before and after they pass through the gaps. Relate the size of the gaps, the wave patterns and the wavelengths to deduce a relevant physics concept. [5 marks ] 6/11/2011 hro
  • 36. 12 (a)(i) Explain how the dark and light bands are formed on the screen. [4] (ii) Observe Figure 6.2. Compare the wave patterns and the wavelengths of the waves before and after they pass through the gaps. Relate the size of the gaps, the wave patterns and the wavelengths to deduce a relevant physics concept. [5] 6/11/2011 hro
  • 37. 10 (a) (i) 1 (region ) crest /convex shape / convex lens Labelled diagram 1 Light is focussed on the crest produce bright region No need to 1 (region ) trough /concave shape / labelled diagram concave lens C Labelled 1 Light is diverged on the trough diagram produce dark region 6/11/2011 hro
  • 39. 13 Understanding • Before a football tournament, the ball to use in the game must have a suitable pressure. Explain why a ball with less pressure is not suitable for the football tournament. [3 marks] 6/11/2011 hro
  • 40. Suggested answer • Ball with a suitable pressure have small/ less reaction time • So the impulsive force is greater, (mv – mu) F = t • And the ball can goes further 6/11/2011 hro
  • 41. Q 10 14 (d) Diagram 10.3 shows two thin copper strips, PQ and RS connected to a circuit 1 - When current flows the magnetic field is formed // Diagram 2 –The flow of current is in the apposite direction // Diagram 3 – The magnetic field between the two plates are in the same direction // Diagram 4 – The two pieces of thin copper repulse against one another // Diagram Explain what happens to PQ and RS, when the switch is on. [4 marks] 6/11/2011 hro
  • 42. Mark given on diagram 1 - When current flows the magnetic field is formed // Diagram 2 –The flow of current is in the apposite direction // Diagram Force Force 3 – The magnetic field between the two plates are in the same direction // Diagram 4 – The two pieces of thin copper repulse against one another // Diagram 6/11/2011 hro
  • 43. Knowledge Application criteria Example of key words: • Use knowledge to • Apply explain clearly • Show ,complete, • explain • Solve • Use method, concept, • modify theory in new situation • Relate • Change • Solve problem using • Classified knowledge and • Picturised understanding • Illustrate • Calculate 6/11/2011 hro • Sketch /draw
  • 44. 15 image Q2 6/11/2011 hro SPM 2008 Q2
  • 45. 16 6/11/2011 hro SPM 2008 Q11
  • 46. Calculate the critical angle of diamond and of glass 16 [ 2 marks] 1- Sin c = 1/ n // sin c glass = // sin c diamond = 2- c glass = 41.8 0 (sehingga 41.8103) and c diamond = 24.4 0 (sehingga 24.4075) (Remark: Mesti ada kedua2 nilai) In glass: 1- Draw ray from glass refract away from normal In diamond: 2- Draw total internal reflection 3- Draw another 2 total internal 6/11/2011 hro reflection2008 Q11 SPM
  • 47. 17 Diagram 3.3 shows an electrical circuit. Assume that the internal resistance of the battery is negligible. • Calculate the What is the reading of the effective resistance ammeter? of the circuit. [1 mark] 12 Method : 1-show how to calculate the 2A effective resistance in parallel circuit 10 x10 2 – how to get effective resistance in the 10 10 5ohm 6 circuit 1Ω + 5 Ω = 6 Ω [2 marks] 6/11/2011 hro
  • 49. 2 (a) (i) 1 The distance in figure 6.2 is further / vice versa (ii) 1 The work done by the pupil in figure 6.2 is higher / vice versa (iii) 1 W = 20 x 0.5 1 = 10 Nm // J (b) (i) 1 As the energy increases the distance of projection increases / vice versa (ii) 1 The energy conservation principle (c) (i) 1 The time is the same (ii) 1 The falling height is the same / the mass 6/11/2011 does not influence the time of fall hro
  • 50. CONCEPTUALISATION ELEMENT • The ability to reason by identifying and analysing common characteristics or variables involve, and synthesis the common characteristic or relation with variables to create a physics concept.. 6/11/2011 hro
  • 51. CONCEPTUALISATION ELEMENT CRITERIA • - list common characteristics correctly • - classify or explain common characteristic or variables correctly • - relate characteristic and variables to create concept correctly with identical justification. 6/11/2011 hro
  • 52. Observe Figure 6.2. Compare the wave patterns and the wavelengths of the waves before and after they pass through the gaps. Relate the size of the gaps, the wave patterns and the wavelengths to deduce a relevant physics concept. [5] 6/11/2011 hro
  • 53. 10 (a) (ii) 1 Wave length does not change /same / constant (before and after the waves....) 2 Before passing (front ) is a plain wave /straight 3 (front ) wave (in both situations) curved / dispersed after passing the gaps 4 Wide gap less curve and when passing through a narrow gap the wave is spherical / round / 5 The smaller the gap the more 6/11/2011 curvehro wave // vice versa the
  • 54. Problem solving • The ability of using knowledge , scientific skills and thinking skills to solve physics problem by • Scientific and non scientific investigation • Qualitatively and • Quantitatively with systematic 6/11/2011 and well planned hro
  • 55. ELEMENT : PROBLEM SOLVING IN A QUALITATIVE WAY The ability to solve qualitative problems in a systematic and organized manner Paper 2 Section A No.7 Section B No. 9 (c), No. 10 (c) 6/11/2011 hro
  • 56. Example 1 You are given two pieces of plane mirror measuring 5 cm x 6 cm to make a periscope. (i) Using these mirrors and other materials, describe how you would make a periscope. (4 marks) 1. Material to make the box – cardboard/manila card/plywood 2. Holes for light to enter and leave the periscope 3. Correct positions of mirrors – facing the holes 4. Placing mirrors at angle of 45 6/11/2011 hro
  • 57. Problem solving 6/11/2011 hro
  • 58. Problem solving Small incubator Incubator for 200 eggs 6/11/2011 hro
  • 59. DECISION MAKING ELEMENT • The ability to choose best solving alternative for a problem referring to certain criteria to achieve the objective. • The aspects of identifying, analysing and evaluating all problem solving alternatives to choose suitable alternative with the objective for making decision and state decision justification that have been taken. 6/11/2011 hro
  • 60. ELEMENT : MAKING DECISIONS The ability to identify objectives, analyse and assess all alternatives to solving a problem, choosing the most suitable alternative and justifying the choice made Paper 2 Section A No. 8 Section C No. 11, No.12 6/11/2011 hro
  • 61. Push or Pull ? 6/11/2011 hro
  • 62. Paper 2 Section A Example 1 Figure 1.1 Figure 1.2 (a)On Figure 1.1 and Figure 1.2, indicate and label : (i) the direction of force F exerted by the gardener on the handle of each wheelbarrow to make it move ; (ii) the direction of the vertical component FY of the force in (a) (i). (b)(i) Based on the answers in (a) (i) and (a) (ii), which of the way is more suitable on a muddy road? 6/11/2011 hro (ii) Explain the reason for your answer in (b) (i).
  • 63. Example 1 Answers Fy F F Fy (b) (i) The way used in Figure 1.2 (pulling) is more suitable to be used on a muddy road. (ii) When the wheelbarrow is pulled, the force component FY acts upwards. The resultant force (W – F Y) downwards is smaller. 6/11/2011 hro
  • 64. Example 2 Encik Ahmad will be taking part in a four-wheel drive expedition to Taman Negara. In the expedition, he will have to drive through a hilly and unpaved area, and to cross streams. like to try the decision making Would you question? Table 1 shows the characteristic of vehicles that can be used in the expedition characteristic Mass/Kg Engine CapacityTypes of Diameter of You are asked to investigate/ the engine characteristics tyres/mm vehicles (cc) cm3 of the four wheel drive that can be used in Diesel 800 P 3000 2000 the expedition. Based on the table as shown in Table 1; Q Petrol 400 1000 1500 (I) Explain the suitability of each characteristics of the vehicles 2000 table above R in the 2500 Diesel 600 (ii) Determine the most suitable vehicle to participate in the expedition. S 1800 2000 petrol 500 T 1500 2500 [petrol 500] 10 marks 6/11/2011 hro
  • 65. Study the given characteristics characteristic Mass/Kg Engine Capacity Types of Diameter engine of vehicles (cc) / cm3 tyres/mm P 3000 2000 Diesel 800 Q 1000 1500 Petrol 400 R 2000 2500 Diesel 600 S 1800 2000 petrol 500 T 1500 2500 petrol 500 6/11/2011 hro
  • 66. Section C (Decision Making) NOTE: • DON’T WRITE THE CRITERIA FOR ALL THE CHOICE GIVEN IN THE QUESTION • DON’T STATE VALUE • DON’T COMPARE BETWEEN THE CRITERIA 6/11/2011 hro
  • 67. Section C (Decision Making) NOTE: • DO WRITE EACH CRITERIA FOR THE CHOSEN SUBJECT • DO STATE THE CHARACTERISTIC AS HIGH / LOW /LARGE /SMALL • DO THE JUSTIFICATION BY REPEATING ALL THE CHARACTERICS OF THE CHOSEN SUBJECT. 6/11/2011 hro
  • 68. You may answer in table form Characteristics Reason Large Mass more stable across the stream High Engine Capacity More powerful on hilly and unpaved road Types of engine-Diesel Cheaper and economic Diameter of tyres Large Increases surface area produce less pressure Choose R Large mass, High Engine Capacity , use diesel and has large diameter of tyres 6/11/2011 hro
  • 69. A new harbour is to be built at a new location. The suggested new location is either at a bay or a cape. Four models for the structure of the retaining wall are given. Table 12 shows the location and the characteristics of the four retaining wall Explain the best location and the suitability of each characteristic in Table 12. Determine the most suitable retaining wall to be used. Give reasons for your choice. [ 10 marks ] 6/11/2011 hro SPM 2008 Q12
  • 70. Study the given characteristics 6/11/2011 hro SPM 2008 Q12
  • 71. You may answer in table form Characteristics Reason Bay Location ………….. calmer // waves energy smaller Structure of retaining wall speed decrease // Sloping wavelength decrease Surface of retaining wall absorb energy // Uneven surface ……………………… reduce energy Height of retaining wall protect from high wave // …………………….. High retaining wall prevent water from overflowing Choose W because at bay, sloping, uneven surface and 6/11/2011 high retaing wall hro
  • 72. 6/11/2011 hro
  • 73. PHYSICS 2 • PAPER 2 , CODE 4531/2 • Questions consists of three sections • SECTION A –STRUCTURED QUESTION: 8 COMPULSORY QUESTIONS • SECTION B – ESSAY QUESTION : 2 QUESTION (CHOOSE ONE) • SECTION C – ESSAY QUESTION : 2 QUESTION (CHOOSE ONE) 6/11/2011 hro
  • 74. PAPER 2 (4531/2) • Type of Instrument : Subjective Test • Type of Item : Subjective Items • Number of Questions : Section A : 8 structured questions (Answer all) Section B : 2 (Choose one) Section C : 2 (Choose one) • Total Marks : 100 • Duration of Test : 2 hr 30 min • Elements Assessed Knowledge, Understanding, Application, Problem Solving (Qualitative, Quantitative), Conceptualization, Making Decisions • Things to Bring : Scientific Calculator 6/11/2011 hro
  • 75. CONCEPTUALISING compare PROBLEM SOLVING modify DECISION MAKING select 6/11/2011 hro
  • 76. PAPER 3 (4531/3) • Type of Instrument : Written Practical Test • Number of Questions : Section A : 2 (Answer both) Section B : 2 (Choose 1 ) • Total marks : 40 • Duration of Test : 1 hr 30 minutes • Element assessed : Problem Solving through scientific investigation (experimenting) • Things to bring : Scientific calculator, Protractor, Ruler 30 cm, Compass 6/11/2011 hro
  • 77. PHYSICS 3 6/11/2011 hro
  • 78. PHYSICS 3 Take readings (measure / read scale) Tabulate results Plot a graph State the relationship Graph shown - extrapolate / intrapolate Calculate the gradient Calculate related quantities State precautions Observe the diagrams State an inference State a hypothesis Describe experiment, stating aim, variables, apparatus and materials, set-up, procedure, table of data, analyzing the data 6/11/2011 hro
  • 79. Paper 3 Question 2 • You have to draw a graph • Construct V Peka physics • To determine the gradient of the graph Analyzing the Data Graph 6/11/2011 hro
  • 81. Don’t join the points of the graph 6/11/2011 hro
  • 82. Analyzing the Data Graph State how the data is analyzed to make a conclusion quantity / unit Responding variable Manipulated variable quantity / unit 6/11/2011 hro
  • 83. Graph Example Best fit straight line Extension e / mm Minimum size 8cm X 10 cm 0 Force F / N Uniform scale ( not odd) 6/11/2011 hro
  • 84. Graph Best Fit Straight Line Example 1 Title Graph of distance against time Distance/m Approximately equal number of points on both sides of the line 6/11/2011 Time/s hro
  • 85. Graph : Best Fit Straight Line Example 2 Correct graph Not the best fit line 6/11/2011 hro
  • 86. Graph Extrapolating a graph Extrapolation is producing a straight line graph in order to estimate a value beyond the range of experimental values Example 1 Extrapolating the graph to intercept the 6/11/2011 axis hro
  • 87. Extrapolation Example 2 6/11/2011 hro
  • 88. Extrapolation Example 2 E.m.f. = 1.5 V 6/11/2011 hro
  • 89. Gradient of the graph The gradient of the graph is? -Sufficiently large triangle - 8 cm X 8 cm - State value of the gradient with correct unit. 6/11/2011 hro
  • 90. Graph Determining the gradient of a graph Gradient of a graph = Δy Δx Draw a big right-angled triangle on the graph paper 8 cm x 8 cm Show working Gradient = 16 m s-1 20 s Answer = 0.8 m s-2 plus unit 6/11/2011 hro
  • 91. Making a Conclusion Example 1. The extension is directly proportional to the force 2. The period of oscillation of a pendulum is directly proportional to the square root of its length 3. The mass is inversely proportional to the period of an inertial balance 4. Linearly increase 5. Linearly decrease 6/11/2011 hro
  • 92. Graph conclusions Linearly Linearly decrease increase Directly Inversely propotional propotional 6/11/2011 hro
  • 93. State the precautions should be taken • The circuit connections must be tight • Off the switch after taking the reading of the meters. • Make sure the amplitude of oscillation is small. • Eye must be perpendicular to the scale taken • Ensure that the object, lens and screen are placed vertically 6/11/2011 hro
  • 94. Let’s explore physics 2 SECTION A : structured questions Question 1 – knowledge& understanding Question 2, 3 & 4 – knowledge, understanding, application Question 5 & 6– knowledge , understanding , conceptualisation Question 7– knowledge , understanding , application,problem solving Question 8– knowledge, application,decision making 6/11/2011 hro
  • 95. 6/11/2011 hro
  • 96. 6/11/2011 hro
  • 97. BERUSAHA DAN BERTAQWA AGAR CEMERLANG DUNIA DAN AKHIRAT. HAJAH ROKIAH HAJI OTHMAN,smsc,physics,Julai09 6/11/2011 hro