10. 1. INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS
WHAT TO LEARN?
2. FORCES AND MOTION
3. FORCES AND PRESSURE
4. HEAT
5. LIGHT
6. WAVE
7. ELECTRIC
8. ELECTROMAGNETISM.
9. ELECTRONIC
STYLE OF LEARNING
10.RADIOACTIVE
SYLLABUS
MASTERING THE TOPICS AND THE SYLLABUS
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12. QUESTION ELEMENTS
• Knowledge
• Understanding
• Applications of knowledge
• Problem solving
• Conceptualization
• Decision making
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13. KNOWLEDGE
An ability to recall back or
to identify specific matters
in the contents of Physics
for example facts,
concepts, principles,
theory and laws.
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14. SUMMARY
principles
Facts concept
KNOWLEDGE
Theory laws
MASTER AND EXPLORE IT THEN YOU`LL
UNDERSTAND PHYSICS BETTER
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16. Example of knowledge questions
• What is meant by displacement?
Path taken /distance in a specific direction.
• What is meant by resistance? V = IR, R = V/I
• What is meant by speed?
Ratio of voltage to the current flows in a conductor//
• What is meant by pressure?
• What is R =V/I states the meaning of the symbols,
meant by momentum?
• (a) What does the term isotope mean? I = current,
R= resistance, V = voltage,
• What is meant by power?
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17. 1. Diagram 1 shows a slinky spring
being moved left and right
(b) On Diagram continuously of the crests of the
1, mark ‘X’ on any one
(c) complete the following sentence by underlining the correct
wave. [1 mark]
phrase in the bracket.
The direction of the hand movement is ( the same as/
perpendicular to the direction of the wave movement)
x x
(a)Complete the sentence below by ticking (x) the correct box.
[1 mark]
The wave produced by the slinky is a Energy
(d) What is transferred by the wave? ……………..
Transverse wave x
-------
Longitudinal wave -------
[1 mark]
Q1
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18. 2006
- What type of wave is the sound waves?
Longitudinal wave [1 mark]
- What is meant by magnetic field?
A region of magnetic force [1mark ]
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19. (b) Draw the position of
the second glass prism at A
(c) complete
the ray path
in the instrument above
(a) Name the optical instrument P?
periscope
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20. High force/ High energy/Hard surface
SPM 2009 Q2
Impulsive force
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21. Momentum = mass x velocity
= 0.05 kg x 5 m/s
= 0.25 kgm/s
SPM 2009 Q2
Put sponge / plasticine on the wooden block
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24. The action of gravitational force on mass //
W = mg , w= weight, m= mass, g = gravitational force
2
Upthrust force // buoyant force
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25. Q3
4. Diagram 3.1 and Diagram 3.2
show two photographs of
electrical circuits.
(a) Which diagram shows a parallel circuit?
Diagram 3.2
……………………………………………
[1 mark]
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hro
26. 5 Diagram 7.1 shows a hydraulic system. A force F is Q7
exerted on the small piston.
• (a)(i) Name the principle involved in this hydraulic
system.
• Pascal’s principle // pascal Rej : wrong spelling
……………………………………….[1 mark]
• (ii) Compare the pressure at point P and at point Q.
• Same // equal // P = Q // Pp = PQ // no difference
…………………………….[1 mark]
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Rej : serupa // setara // hro
simillar SPM 2008 Q7
27. 7.
7.
State the energy change involved when using the
heater to heat the water.
Electrical energy to heat energy
…………………………………………… [1 mark]
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Hajah Rokiah Hj Othman smktp2010 SPM 2008 Q8
28. (a)Name the light phenomenon involved at Y. [1 mark]
Total internal reflection
…………………………………………… [1 mark]
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SPM 2008 Q11
hro
31. Region X is deeper than region Y
Wave length of region X is longer than region Y
The deeper the depth the longer the wave length
Refraction
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32. Understanding Element
• Understanding concept and principle of
physics:
the ability to interpret, translate,
extrapolate and understand concept or
principles in physics fields which involve
the use of knowledge without new situation
and do not require explanation about the
implications towards the knowledge
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33. 10
Boyle’ law
Pressure decreases
Pressure is directly proportional to depth
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34. Q3
11
SPM 2008 Q3
(C) (iii) One of the 10 Ω resistors is removed from
the circuit. What happens to the ammeter
reading?
Decreases // smaller // reduce // .
less // lower // less than 2A [1 mark]
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35. Section B 2005 Q 10
(e) Figure 6.1 shows the arrangement of the apparatus for
an experiment to study a wave phenomenon.
(i) Figure 6.2 shows the bright and dark bands of the
wave pattern formed on the screen when plane waves
pass through narrow and wide gaps.
[4 marks]
(ii) Observe Figure 6.2. Compare the wave patterns and
the wavelengths of the waves before and after they
pass through the gaps. Relate the size of the gaps, the
wave patterns and the wavelengths to deduce a relevant
physics concept.
[5 marks ]
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36. 12 (a)(i) Explain how the dark and light
bands are formed on the screen.
[4]
(ii) Observe Figure 6.2. Compare the
wave patterns and the wavelengths of
the waves before and after they pass
through the gaps. Relate the size of
the gaps, the wave patterns and the
wavelengths to deduce a relevant
physics concept.
[5]
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37. 10 (a) (i) 1 (region ) crest /convex shape / convex
lens
Labelled
diagram
1 Light is focussed on the crest produce
bright region
No need to 1 (region ) trough /concave shape /
labelled
diagram concave lens
C
Labelled 1 Light is diverged on the trough
diagram produce dark region
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39. 13
Understanding
• Before a football tournament, the ball to use in the
game must have a suitable pressure. Explain why a
ball with less pressure is not suitable for the football
tournament.
[3 marks]
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40. Suggested answer
• Ball with a suitable pressure have
small/ less reaction time
• So the impulsive force is greater,
(mv – mu)
F =
t
• And the ball can goes further
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41. Q 10
14 (d) Diagram 10.3 shows two thin copper strips, PQ
and RS connected to a circuit
1 - When current flows the magnetic field is
formed // Diagram
2 –The flow of current is in the apposite
direction // Diagram
3 – The magnetic field between the two plates are
in the same direction // Diagram
4 – The two pieces of thin copper repulse against
one another // Diagram
Explain what happens to PQ and RS, when the switch is on. [4 marks]
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42. Mark given on diagram
1 - When current flows the
magnetic field is formed //
Diagram 2 –The flow of current
is in the apposite
direction // Diagram
Force Force
3 – The magnetic field
between the two plates are
in the same direction //
Diagram
4 – The two pieces
of thin copper
repulse against one
another // Diagram
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43. Knowledge Application
criteria Example of key words:
• Use knowledge to • Apply
explain clearly • Show ,complete,
• explain
• Solve
• Use method, concept,
• modify
theory in new situation
• Relate
• Change
• Solve problem using • Classified
knowledge and • Picturised
understanding • Illustrate
• Calculate
6/11/2011 hro • Sketch /draw
46. Calculate the critical angle of diamond and of glass
16 [ 2 marks]
1- Sin c = 1/ n // sin c glass = // sin c diamond =
2- c glass = 41.8 0 (sehingga 41.8103) and c diamond = 24.4 0
(sehingga 24.4075) (Remark: Mesti ada kedua2 nilai)
In glass:
1- Draw ray from
glass refract away
from normal
In diamond:
2- Draw total
internal reflection
3- Draw another 2
total internal
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SPM
47. 17 Diagram 3.3 shows
an electrical circuit.
Assume that the
internal resistance
of the battery is
negligible.
• Calculate the
What is the reading of the
effective resistance
ammeter?
of the circuit. [1 mark] 12
Method : 1-show how to calculate the 2A
effective resistance in parallel circuit 10 x10
2 – how to get effective resistance in the 10 10
5ohm 6
circuit
1Ω + 5 Ω = 6 Ω [2 marks]
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49. 2 (a) (i) 1 The distance in figure 6.2 is further / vice
versa
(ii) 1
The work done by the
pupil in figure 6.2 is higher / vice versa
(iii) 1 W = 20 x 0.5
1
= 10 Nm // J
(b) (i) 1 As the energy increases the distance of
projection increases / vice versa
(ii) 1 The energy conservation principle
(c) (i) 1 The time is the same
(ii) 1
The falling height is the same / the mass
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50. CONCEPTUALISATION
ELEMENT
• The ability to reason by identifying
and analysing common
characteristics or variables involve,
and synthesis the common
characteristic or relation with
variables to create a physics
concept..
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51. CONCEPTUALISATION ELEMENT
CRITERIA
• - list common characteristics
correctly
• - classify or explain common
characteristic or variables
correctly
• - relate characteristic and
variables to create concept
correctly with identical
justification.
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52. Observe Figure 6.2. Compare the wave patterns and the
wavelengths of the waves before and after they pass
through the gaps. Relate the size of the gaps, the wave
patterns and the wavelengths to deduce a relevant physics
concept.
[5]
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53. 10 (a) (ii) 1 Wave length does not change /same
/ constant (before and after the
waves....)
2 Before passing (front ) is a plain
wave /straight
3 (front ) wave (in both situations)
curved / dispersed after passing the
gaps
4 Wide gap less curve and when
passing through a narrow gap the
wave is spherical / round /
5 The smaller the gap the more
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curvehro wave // vice versa
the
54. Problem solving
• The ability of using knowledge ,
scientific skills and thinking skills
to solve physics problem by
• Scientific and non scientific
investigation
• Qualitatively and
• Quantitatively with systematic
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and well planned
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55. ELEMENT : PROBLEM SOLVING
IN A QUALITATIVE WAY
The ability to solve qualitative
problems in a systematic and
organized manner
Paper 2 Section A No.7
Section B No. 9 (c), No. 10 (c)
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56. Example 1
You are given two pieces of plane mirror measuring 5 cm x 6 cm to
make a periscope.
(i) Using these mirrors and other materials, describe how you would
make a periscope. (4 marks)
1. Material to make the box –
cardboard/manila card/plywood
2. Holes for light to enter and
leave the periscope
3. Correct positions of mirrors –
facing the holes
4. Placing mirrors at angle of 45
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58. Problem solving
Small incubator
Incubator for 200 eggs
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59. DECISION MAKING ELEMENT
• The ability to choose best solving
alternative for a problem referring to
certain criteria to achieve the objective.
• The aspects of identifying, analysing and
evaluating all problem solving alternatives
to choose suitable alternative with the
objective for making decision and state
decision justification that have been taken.
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60. ELEMENT : MAKING DECISIONS
The ability to identify objectives, analyse and
assess all alternatives to solving a problem,
choosing the most suitable alternative and
justifying the choice made
Paper 2 Section A No. 8
Section C No. 11, No.12
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62. Paper 2 Section A
Example 1
Figure 1.1 Figure 1.2
(a)On Figure 1.1 and Figure 1.2, indicate and label :
(i) the direction of force F exerted by the gardener on the handle
of each wheelbarrow to make it move ;
(ii) the direction of the vertical component FY of the force in (a) (i).
(b)(i) Based on the answers in (a) (i) and (a) (ii), which of the
way is more suitable on a muddy road?
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(ii) Explain the reason for your answer in (b) (i).
63. Example 1 Answers
Fy
F F
Fy
(b) (i) The way used in Figure 1.2 (pulling) is more
suitable to be used on a muddy road.
(ii) When the wheelbarrow is pulled, the force
component FY acts upwards. The resultant force (W –
F Y) downwards is smaller.
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64. Example 2
Encik Ahmad will be taking part in a four-wheel drive expedition to Taman
Negara. In the expedition, he will have to drive through a hilly and unpaved
area, and to cross streams. like to try the decision making
Would you
question?
Table 1 shows the characteristic of vehicles that can be used in the expedition
characteristic Mass/Kg Engine CapacityTypes of Diameter of
You are asked to investigate/ the engine
characteristics
tyres/mm
vehicles (cc) cm3
of the four wheel drive that can be used in
Diesel 800
P 3000 2000
the expedition.
Based on the table as shown in Table 1;
Q Petrol 400
1000 1500
(I) Explain the suitability of each characteristics of
the vehicles 2000 table above
R in the 2500 Diesel 600
(ii) Determine the most suitable vehicle to
participate in the expedition.
S 1800 2000 petrol 500
T 1500 2500 [petrol 500]
10 marks
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65. Study the given characteristics
characteristic Mass/Kg Engine Capacity Types of Diameter
engine of
vehicles (cc) / cm3
tyres/mm
P 3000 2000 Diesel 800
Q 1000 1500 Petrol 400
R 2000 2500 Diesel 600
S 1800 2000 petrol 500
T 1500 2500 petrol 500
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66. Section C (Decision Making)
NOTE:
• DON’T WRITE THE CRITERIA FOR ALL THE
CHOICE GIVEN IN THE QUESTION
• DON’T STATE VALUE
• DON’T COMPARE BETWEEN THE CRITERIA
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67. Section C (Decision Making)
NOTE:
• DO WRITE EACH CRITERIA FOR THE
CHOSEN SUBJECT
• DO STATE THE CHARACTERISTIC AS HIGH /
LOW /LARGE /SMALL
• DO THE JUSTIFICATION BY REPEATING ALL
THE CHARACTERICS OF THE CHOSEN
SUBJECT.
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68. You may answer in table form
Characteristics Reason
Large Mass more stable across the
stream
High Engine Capacity More powerful on hilly and
unpaved road
Types of engine-Diesel Cheaper and economic
Diameter of tyres Large Increases surface area
produce less pressure
Choose R Large mass, High Engine
Capacity , use diesel and has
large diameter of tyres
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69. A new harbour is to be built at a new location. The suggested
new location is either at a bay or a cape. Four models for the
structure of the retaining wall are given. Table 12 shows the
location and the characteristics of the four retaining wall
Explain the best location and the suitability
of each characteristic in Table 12.
Determine the most suitable retaining wall
to be used. Give reasons for your choice.
[ 10 marks ]
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SPM 2008 Q12
71. You may answer in table form
Characteristics Reason
Bay
Location ………….. calmer // waves energy
smaller
Structure of retaining wall speed decrease //
Sloping wavelength decrease
Surface of retaining wall absorb energy //
Uneven surface
……………………… reduce energy
Height of retaining wall protect from high wave //
……………………..
High retaining wall prevent water from overflowing
Choose W because at bay, sloping, uneven surface and
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high retaing wall hro
73. PHYSICS 2
• PAPER 2 , CODE 4531/2
• Questions consists of three sections
• SECTION A –STRUCTURED QUESTION: 8
COMPULSORY QUESTIONS
• SECTION B – ESSAY QUESTION : 2
QUESTION (CHOOSE ONE)
• SECTION C – ESSAY QUESTION : 2
QUESTION (CHOOSE ONE)
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74. PAPER 2 (4531/2)
• Type of Instrument : Subjective Test
• Type of Item : Subjective Items
• Number of Questions :
Section A : 8 structured questions (Answer all)
Section B : 2 (Choose one)
Section C : 2 (Choose one)
• Total Marks : 100
• Duration of Test : 2 hr 30 min
• Elements Assessed Knowledge, Understanding,
Application, Problem Solving (Qualitative, Quantitative),
Conceptualization, Making Decisions
• Things to Bring : Scientific Calculator
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75. CONCEPTUALISING
compare
PROBLEM SOLVING
modify
DECISION MAKING
select
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76. PAPER 3 (4531/3)
• Type of Instrument : Written Practical Test
• Number of Questions :
Section A : 2 (Answer both)
Section B : 2 (Choose 1 )
• Total marks : 40
• Duration of Test : 1 hr 30 minutes
• Element assessed : Problem Solving through
scientific investigation (experimenting)
• Things to bring : Scientific calculator, Protractor,
Ruler 30 cm, Compass
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78. PHYSICS 3 Take readings (measure / read scale)
Tabulate results
Plot a graph
State the relationship
Graph shown - extrapolate / intrapolate
Calculate the gradient
Calculate related quantities
State precautions
Observe the diagrams
State an inference
State a hypothesis
Describe experiment, stating aim, variables,
apparatus and materials, set-up, procedure,
table of data, analyzing the data
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79. Paper 3 Question 2
• You have to draw a graph
• Construct V Peka physics
• To determine the gradient of the graph
Analyzing the Data Graph
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82. Analyzing the Data Graph
State how the data is analyzed to make a conclusion
quantity / unit
Responding
variable
Manipulated
variable
quantity / unit
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83. Graph
Example
Best fit
straight line
Extension e / mm
Minimum size 8cm X 10 cm
0 Force F / N
Uniform scale ( not odd)
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84. Graph
Best Fit Straight Line
Example 1 Title
Graph of distance against time
Distance/m
Approximately
equal number of
points on both
sides of the line
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Time/s
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85. Graph : Best Fit Straight Line
Example 2
Correct graph Not the best fit line
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86. Graph
Extrapolating a graph
Extrapolation is producing a straight line graph in order to
estimate a value beyond the range of experimental values
Example 1
Extrapolating the
graph to intercept the
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88. Extrapolation
Example 2
E.m.f. = 1.5 V
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89. Gradient of the graph
The gradient of the graph is?
-Sufficiently large triangle - 8 cm X 8 cm
- State value of the gradient with correct unit.
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90. Graph
Determining the gradient of a graph
Gradient of a graph = Δy
Δx
Draw a big right-angled triangle
on the graph paper
8 cm x 8 cm
Show
working
Gradient = 16 m s-1
20 s
Answer
= 0.8 m s-2 plus
unit
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91. Making a Conclusion
Example
1. The extension is directly proportional to the force
2. The period of oscillation of a pendulum is directly
proportional to the square root of its length
3. The mass is inversely proportional to the period of an
inertial balance
4. Linearly increase
5. Linearly decrease
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93. State the precautions should be
taken
• The circuit connections must be tight
• Off the switch after taking the reading of the
meters.
• Make sure the amplitude of oscillation is small.
• Eye must be perpendicular to the scale taken
• Ensure that the object, lens and screen are placed
vertically
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