3. W H AT I S M I N E R A L ? ?
• One of the nutrients that the body needs to
work properly.
• Inorganic micronutrients.
• Natural compounds formed through geological
processes.
• We need mineral in small amounts to help our
body function properly and stay strong.
• Iron, calcium, potassium, and sodium are
some of essential minerals.
4. TYPES OF MINERAL..
These minerals are divided into two
groups:
MACRO minerals
- Needed by the human body in high
quantities.
- The macro mineral group is made up of
Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Sodiu
m, Potassium, Chloride, and Sulfur.
5. MICRO/TRACE minerals
- Needed by the human body
in small quantities.
- Trace minerals includes
Iron, Manganese, Copper, Iod
ine, Zinc, Fluoride, and
Selenium.
6. FUNCTION
TYPE OF FUNCTION SOURCES DEFICIENCIES EXCESSIVE INTAKE
MINERAL
CALCIUM Important for Bones Dairy Produce Osteomalacia Formation of
& teeth. Osteoporosis "stones" in the
Important for Rickets Tetany. body, especially the
metabolic processes. Gall Bladder and
the Kidneys
IRON Transfer oxygen Blood ,Eggs, Anaemia; Haemochromatosis
between tissues in the Green Increased or Haemosiderosis
body. vegetables, susceptibility to (involving organ
Fortified foods, infections. damage)
Liver, Meat,
Nuts, Peas,
Whole grains.
MAGNESIUM For healthy bones, Eggs, Green Anxiety, Fatigue, Unusual.
Functioning vegetables, Fish, Insomnia,
of muscle and nerve Milk, Nuts, Muscular
tissue. Wholemeal problems, Nausea,
flour. Premenstrual
problems. Extreme
cases, arrhythmia.
7. TYPE OF FUNCTION SOURCES DEFICIENCIES EXCESSIVE INTAKE
MINERAL
PHOSPHOROUS Constituent of bone Dairy products, Anaemia, Excess
tissue, Fruits, Meat, Demineralization phosphorous can
energy conversion Pulses, Vegetables. of bones, Nerve interfere with the
reactions disorders, body's absorption
Respiratory of: calcium, iron,
problems, magnesium, and
Weakness, zinc.
Weight Loss.
Potassium (K) Main base ion of Cereals, Coffee, Fresh General muscle Arrhythmia, and
intracellular fluid, to Fruits, Meat, Salt- paralysis, Metabolic ultimately cardiac
maintain electrical subsitutes, disturbances. arrest ("heart
potentials of the nervous Vegetables, Whole- attack").
system, functioning grain flour. Metabolic
of muscle and nerve disturbances.
tissues
Sodium (Na) Controls the volume of Processed bakery Low blood Hypernatraemia,
extracellular fluid in the products, Processed pressure, De-hydration
body, Maintains the (pH) foods generally (incl. General muscle (especially in
balance in the body, tinned and cured weakness/paralysis, babies), Possible
maintain electrical products), Mild Fever; long-term effects
potentials of the nervous Table Salt Respiratory may include
system functioning problems. hypertension.
of muscle and nerve
tissues.
8. TYPE OF FUNCTION SOURCES DEFICIENCIES EXCESSIVE
MINERAL INTAKE
Chromium (Cr) Involved in the Cereals, Cheese, Confusion,
functioning Fresh fruit, Meat, Depression,
of skeletal muscle Nuts, Wholemeal Irritability,
flour. Weakness.
Copper (Cu) Part of the Cocoa, Liver, Insufficient copper
enzyme copper- Kidney, Oysters, has been
zince superoxide Peas, Raisins. associated with:
dismutase, changes in hair
present in other colour & texture,
enzymes, and hair loss;
including disturbances to
cytochrome the nervous
oxidase, ascorbic system; bone
acid oxidase, and diseases.
tyrosinases, Found Serious deficiency;
in the red blood Menke's
cells, and in blood syndrome.
plasma.
9. TYPE OF FUNCTION SOURCES DEFICIENCIES EXCESSIVE
MINERAL INTAKE
Manganese (Mn) Antioxidant Avocados, Nuts, Bone deformities, Excessive intake
properties, Pulses, Tea, Rashes & skin has been
Fertility, Vegetables, conditions, associated with
Formation of Whole-grain Reduced hair brain conditions
strong cereals. growth, Retarded such as symptoms
healthy bones, growth (in similar to those
nerves, children). resulting from
and muscles. Parkinson's
disease .
Selenium (Se) Antioxidant Egg yolk, Garlic, Cardiomyopathy, Selenium
properties, Seafood, Whole- Kaschin-Beck poisoning.
Essential grain flour. disease (affects
component of the the cartilage at
enzyme joints).
glutathione
peroxidase,
Contributes to
efficiency of the
immune system.
10. TYPE OF FUNCTION SOURCES DEFICIENCIES EXCESSIVE
MINERAL INTAKE
Sulphur (S) Healing build-up Beans, Beef Deficiency of
of toxic Cruciferous sulphur is unusual.
substances in the vegetables (e.g.
body, Structural broccoli),Dairy
health of the produce, Meat .
body,
Healthy skin, nails
& hair.
Zinc (Zn) Needed for: Dairy produce, Lesions on the Excessive intake is
Functioning of Egg yolk, Liver, skin, oesophagus not a common
many (over Red meat, and cornea, problem but
200) enzymes, Seafood, Whole- Retarded growth especially if zinc
Strong immune grain flour. (of children), supplements are
system. Susceptibility to taken over an
infection. extended period
of time, can
reduce the
absorption of
Copper (so Copper
supplements may
also be
appropriate).
11. WHY WE NEED MINERALS??
• We can't make minerals in our body but we must ingest them
either in our food, our drinking water or in supplements.
Most minerals are required in very minute amounts, and
proving that a trace mineral is essential for health is a very
difficult task.
• Everyone at every age needs minerals. A major exception is
iron for children under age 4 and adolescent girls and
women in the childbearing years.
• Nutritionists are very careful when they say that a nutrient is
essential in the human diet. This is particularly true when it
comes to minerals, because some minerals taken in high
concentrations can be toxic.
