The Taiga Biome: Home to Adaptations for Surviving the Harsh Cold
•Télécharger en tant que PPTX, PDF•
0 j'aime•754 vues
TAIGA / BOREAL FORESTS SORRY KUNG NATAGALAN .. HEHEH ..
Recommandé
Contenu connexe
Tendances
Tendances (20)
En vedette
Similaire à The Taiga Biome: Home to Adaptations for Surviving the Harsh Cold
Similaire à The Taiga Biome: Home to Adaptations for Surviving the Harsh Cold (20)
Plus de HOneybe BAntulo
Dernier
Dernier (20)
The Taiga Biome: Home to Adaptations for Surviving the Harsh Cold
- 3. Boreal comes from the Greek word meaning NORTH. Largest terrestrial biome on earth Boreal forest or taiga is a world of wood and water that covers over 11% of the Earth’s land area
- 4. Boreal forests are confined in the northern hemisphere. This extends from Scandavia, through European Russia, across Siberia, to central Africa and across central Canada in a band between 50° and 65° N latitude.
- 5. There is no comparable zone in the southern hemisphere, probably because there is little land area there with the proper climate (cold temperatures in the southern hemisphere being moderated by close proximity to the sea; at high latitudes in the southern hemisphere most land is relatively close to the ocean, unlike the northern hemisphere. Also, circulation of the oceans in the southern hemisphere is not blocked by the continental land masses to the same extent as it is in the north.
- 7. Soil Low fertility Thin Acidic Low temperatures and low pH impede decomposition of plant litter and slow the rate of soil building. Nutrients are largely tied up in a thick layer of plant litter that carpets the forest floor. Most trees in the boreal forest have a dense network of shallow roots that, along with associated mycorrhizal fungi, tap directly into the nutrients bound up in this litter layer. Topsoil which underlies the litter layer is thin. Subsoil in permanently frozen in a layer of permafrost that may be several meters thick in boreal forests with extreme climates.
- 11. Adaptations Conical shape - promotes shedding of snow and prevents loss of branches. Needleleafs - narrow leaves reduce surface area through which water can be lost (transpired), especially in the winter when the frozen ground prevents plants from replenishing their water supply. The needles of boreal conifers also have thick waxy coatings--a waterproof cuticle--in which stomata are sunken and protected from drying winds. Dark color - the dark green of spruce and fir needles helps the foliage absorb maximum heat from the sun and begin photosynthesis as early as possible. Evergreen habit - retention of foliage allows plants to photosynthesize as soon as temperatures permit in spring, rather than having to waste time in the short growing season merely growing leaves.
- 13. American Black Bear Scientific Name: Ursus americanus The black bear's coat is well adapted to the cold weather of winter because of its many layers of shaggy fur. Its claws are also very adapted to its environment, this is because they are just the right length to climb the many trees that surround its forest home. This bear also hibernates to avoid having to find food in the winter. Bobcat Scientific Name: Felis rufus The bobcat has two color changes per year. The fur of the bobcat is striped, blotchy, and dense; tawny gray for t he winter and reddish brown for the summer. The baby bobcat has spotted fur that disappears when they get older.
- 14. Northern Lynx Scientific Name: Lynx canadensis It has eyes that provide excellent vision for the night, and it's feet have fur covered pads and are silent in the snow so it can sneak up on small prey. It isn't very fast so it has to ambush an animal instead of chasing it down.
- 15. Wolverine Scientific Name: Gulo luscus The wolverine is powerfully built and is well adapted to living in the cold. It has very strong jaws that can bite through frozen meat and bone. Their feet also act as snowshoes and keep them from sinking into deep snow. The Taiga Biome is populated with special animals that all have techniques of keeping warm and dry or away from the harsh coldness of the Taiga.
- 17. Deforestation - Current extensive logging in boreal forests may soon cause their disappearance. Acid rain is also causing significant problems for the Taiga forests. Acid rain is rain that is more acidic than normal. Global Warming - Biologists and scientists think temperature changes over the next century may occur at rates 15 to 50 times faster than historical averages.
Notes de l'éditeur
- Custom animation effects: video wall picture change(Intermediate)Tip: For the best results with the effects on this slide, choose pictures that cover the entire slide area (7.5” high and 10” wide). To reproduce the picture, animation, and background effects on this slide, do the following:On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then clickBlank. Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Backgrounddialog box, in the left pane, click Fill. In the Fill pane, click Picture or texture fill, and then under Insert from, click File. In the Insert Picture dialog box, select a picture, and then click Insert.On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click Picture. In the Insert Picture dialog box, select a second picture, and then click Insert.On the slide, select the second picture. Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Size and Position dialog box, on the Size tab, resize or crop the picture as needed so that under Size and rotate, the Height box is set to 7.5” and the Width box is set to 10”. Resize the picture under Size and rotate by entering values into the Height and Width boxes. Crop the picture under Crop from by entering values into the Left, Right, Top, and Bottom boxes.On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then underRectangles click Rectangle(first option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a rectangle.Select the rectangle. Under DrawingTools, on theFormat tab, in the Size group, do the following:In the Shape Height box, enter 1.88”.In the Shape Width box, enter 2”.On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In theFormat Shape dialog box, in the left pane, click Fill, and then select Slide background fill in the Fill pane. Select the rectangle.On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate. Repeat this process three more times for a total of five rectangles.Press and hold CTRL, and then select all five rectangles. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:Click Align to Slide.Click Align Top.Click Distribute Horizontally. With all five rectangles still selected, on the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate. (Note: There should now be a second row of five rectangles, and a total of 10 rectangles on the slide.)Select the second row of five rectangles. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:Click Align to Slide.Click Align Center. Drag the second group of rectangles until the top edge touches the bottom edge of the middle rectangle in the first row of rectangles.On the Home tab, Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:Click Align to Slide. Click Distribute Horizontally. With the second row of rectangles still selected, on the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate. (Note: There should now be a third row of five rectangles, and a total of 15 rectangles on the slide.)Press and hold CTRL, and then select the five new rectangles. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:Click Align to Slide.Click Align Center. Drag the third group of rectangles until the top edge touches the bottom edge of the middle rectangle in the second row of rectangles.On the Home tab, Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:Click Align to Slide. Click Distribute Horizontally. With the third row of rectangles still selected, on the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate. (Note: There should now be a fourth row of five rectangles, and a total of 20 rectangles on the slide.)Press and hold CTRL, and then select the five new rectangles. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:Click Align to Slide.Click Align Center.Click Distribute Horizontally. Click Align Bottom. To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following:On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click CustomAnimation.Press and hold CTRL, and then on the slide, select all 20 rectangles. In the CustomAnimation task pane, do the following:Click Add Effect, point to Exit, and then click MoreEffects. In the Add Exit Effect dialog box, under Subtle, click Contract, and then click OK. Under Modify: Contract, in the Start list, selectWith Previous.Under Modify: Contract, in the Speed list, select Fast.Also in the Custom Animationtask pane, do the following:Select the first animation effect. Click the arrow to the right of the effect, and then click Timing. In the Contract dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 0.5.Select the second animation effect. Click the arrow to the right of the effect, and then click Timing. In the Contract dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 0.6.Select the third animation effect. Click the arrow to the right of the effect, and then click Timing. In the Contract dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 0.7.Select the fourth animation effect. Click the arrow to the right of the effect, and then click Timing. In the Contract dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 0.8.Select the fifth animation effect. Click the arrow to the right of the effect, and then click Timing. In the Contract dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 0.9.Select the sixth animation effect. Click the arrow to the right of the effect, and then click Timing. In the Contract dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 1.0.Select the seventh animation effect. Click the arrow to the right of the effect, and then click Timing. In the Contract dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 1.1.Select the eighth animation effect. Click the arrow to the right of the effect, and then click Timing. In the Contract dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 1.2.Select the ninth animation effect. Click the arrow to the right of the effect, and then click Timing. In the Contract dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 1.3.Select the 10th animation effect. Click the arrow to the right of the effect, and then click Timing. In the Contract dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 1.4.Select the 11th animation effect. Click the arrow to the right of the effect, and then click Timing. In the Contract dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 1.5.Select the 12th animation effect. Click the arrow to the right of the effect, and then click Timing. In the Contract dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 1.6.Select the 13th animation effect. Click the arrow to the right of the effect, and then click Timing. In the Contract dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 1.7.Select the 14th animation effect. Click the arrow to the right of the effect, and then click Timing. In the Contract dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 1.8.Select the 15th animation effect. Click the arrow to the right of the effect, and then click Timing. In the Contract dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 1.9.Select the 16th animation effect. Click the arrow to the right of the effect, and then click Timing. In the Contract dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 2.0.Select the 17th animation effect. Click the arrow to the right of the effect, and then click Timing. In the Contract dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 2.1.Select the 18th animation effect. Click the arrow to the right of the effect, and then click Timing. In the Contract dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 2.2.Select the 19th animation effect. Click the arrow to the right of the effect, and then click Timing. In the Contract dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 2.3.Select the 20th animation effect. Click the arrow to the right of the effect, and then click Timing. In the Contract dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 2.4.
- Custom animation effects: video wall reveal picture(Basic)Tip: For best results when reproducing the picture effects on this slide, you may want to use the Snap objects to grid feature. To do so, right-click the slide background and select Grid and Guides. Under Snap to, select Snap objects to grid.To reproduce the background on this slide, do the following:On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then clickBlank. Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background.In the Format Background dialog box, in the left pane, select Fill, and then do the following in the Fill pane: Select Picture or texture fill.Under Insert from, click File. In the Insert Picture dialog box, select a picture, and then click Insert.To reproduce the first row of squares with animation effects on this slide, do the following:On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Rectangles click Rectangle (first option on the left). On the slide, drag to draw the rectangle.Select the rectangle. Under DrawingTools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following to change it into a square:In the Shape Height box, enter 2.5”.In the Shape Width box, enter 2.5”.Under DrawingTools, on the Format tab, in the Shape Styles group, do the following:Click the arrow next to Shape Fill, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left).Click the arrow next to Shape Outline, and then click No Outline.Select the square. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow underPaste, and then click Duplicate. Repeat this process two more times for a total of four squares.Press and hold CTRL, and then select all four squares.On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:Click Align to Slide.Click Align Top.Click Distribute Horizontally.Press and hold CTRL, and then select all four squares. On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click CustomAnimation, and then do the following in the Custom Animation task pane:Click Add Effect, point to Exit, and then click More Effects. In the Add Exit Effect dialog box, under Subtle, click Fade, and then click OK.Under Modify: Fade, in the Start list, select With Previous. Under Modify: Fade, in the Speed list, select Very Fast. Also in the CustomAnimation task pane, do the following:Select the first animation effect. Click the arrow to the right of the first animation effect (fade effect for the first square), and then click Timing. In the Fade dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 0, and then click OK.Select the second animation effect. Click the arrow to the right of the second animation effect (fade effect for the second square), and then click Timing. In the Fade dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 0.1, and then click OK.Select the third animation effect. Click the arrow to the right of the third animation effect (fade effect for the third square), and then click Timing. In the Fade dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 0.2, and then click OK.Select the fourth animation effect. Click the arrow to the right of the fourth animation effect (fade effect for the fourth square), and then click Timing. In the Fade dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 0.3, and then click OK.To reproduce the second row of squares with animation effects on this slide, do the following:On the slide, select one of the squares in the first row.On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, click Duplicate, and then drag the duplicate square away from the first row of squares. Repeat this process two more times for a total of four new squares (a total of eight squares on the slide).On the Home tab, in the Editing group, click Select, and then click SelectionPane. Press and hold CTRL, and then in the Selection and Visibility pane, select the fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth objects (four new squares). On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:Click Align Middle.Click Distribute Horizontally.In the Custom Animationtask pane, select the fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth animation effects (fade effects for the second row of squares), and then do the following:Under Modify: Fade, in the Start list, select With Previous. Under Modify: Fade, in the Speed list, select Very Fast. Also in the CustomAnimation task pane, do the following:Select the fifth animation effect. Click the arrow to the right of the fifth animation effect (fade effect for the fifth square), and then click Timing. In the Fade dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 0.4, and then click OK.Select the sixth animation effect. Click the arrow to the right of the sixth animation effect (fade effect for the sixth square), and then click Timing. In the Fade dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 0.5, and then click OK.Select the seventh animation effect. Click the arrow to the right of the seventh animation effect (fade effect for the seventh square), and then click Timing. In the Fade dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 0.6, and then click OK.Select the eighth animation effect. Click the arrow to the right of the eighth animation effect (fade effect for the eighth square), and then click Timing. In the Fade dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 0.7, and then click OK.To reproduce the third row of squares with animation effects on this slide, do the following:On the slide, select one of the squares in the second row.On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, click Duplicate, and then drag the duplicate square away from the second row of squares. Repeat this process two more times for a total of four new squares (a total of 12 squares on the slide).Press and hold CTRL, and then in the Selection and Visibility pane, select the ninth, 10th, 11th, and 12thobjects (four new squares). On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:Click Align Bottom.Click Distribute Horizontally.In the Custom Animationtask pane, select the ninth, 10th, 11th, and 12thanimation effects (fade effects for the third row of squares), and then do the following:Under Modify: Fade, in the Start list, select With Previous. Under Modify: Fade, in the Speed list, select Very Fast. Also in the CustomAnimation task pane, do the following:Select the ninth animation effect. Click the arrow to the right of the ninth animation effect (fade effect for the ninth square), and then click Timing. In the Fade dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 0.8, and then click OK.Select the 10th animation effect. Click the arrow to the right of the 10th animation effect (fade effect for the 10th square), and then click Timing. In the Fade dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 0.9, and then click OK.Select the 11th animation effect. Click the arrow to the right of the 11th animation effect (fade effect for the 11th square), and then click Timing. In the Fade dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 1, and then click OK.Select the 12th animation effect. Click the arrow to the right of the 12th animation effect (fade effect for the 12th square), and then click Timing. In the Fade dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 1.1, and then click OK.
- Custom animation effects: duplicate picture with varied brightness to full color(Advanced)Tip: For the effects on this slide, use a picture with a “portrait” (vertical) orientation. To reproduce the text effects on this slide, do the following:On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then clickBlank. On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box, and then on the slide, drag to draw the text box.Enter text in the text box, and then select the text. On the Home tab, in the Font group, select Georgiafrom the Font list, enter 34 in the Font Size box, click Italic, click the arrow next to Font Color, and then under Theme Colors click Aqua, Accent 5, Darker 25% (fifth row, ninth option from the left).Drag the text box into the upper half of the slide, slightly left of the center.To reproduce the first picture with animation effects on this slide, do the following:On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click Picture.In the Insert Picture dialog box, select a picture and then click Insert. On the slide, select the picture. Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Size and Position dialog box, on the Size tab, resize or crop the picture as needed so that under Size and rotate, the Height box is set to 3.81” and the Width box is set to 2.54”. Resize the picture under Size and rotate by entering values into the Height and Width boxes. Crop the picture under Crop from by entering values into the Left, Right, Top, and Bottom boxes. Drag the picture into the into the top left corner of the slide. (Note: Align the left edge of the picture with the left edge of the slide, and leave a small margin between the top edge of the picture and the top edge of the slide.)Select the picture. Under PictureTools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Picture Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher.In the Format Picture dialog box, in the left pane, click Picture, and then do the following in the Picture pane: Click the button next to Recolor, and then select the recolor option that works best with the picture. (Note: The first picture in the example above is set to No Recolor.)In the Brightness box, enter 50%. (Note: You may want to adjust the brightness settings for the picture you have chosen.)On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click CustomAnimation.On the slide, select the picture, and then do the following in the Custom Animation task pane:Click Add Effect, point to Entrance, and then click MoreEffects. In the Add Entrance Effect dialog box,under Basic, click Fly In, and then click OK.Under Modify: Fly In, in the Start list, select With Previous. Under Modify: Fly In,in the Direction list, select From Left.Under Modify: Fly In,in the Speed list, select Fast.Click Add Effect, point to Entrance, and then click MoreEffects. In the Add Entrance Effect dialog box,under Subtle, click Expand, and then click OK.Under Modify: Expand, in the Start list, select With Previous.Under Modify: Expand, in the Speed list, select Fast.To reproduce the second picture with animation effects on this slide, do the following:On the slide, select the picture. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate.Drag the second picture until the left side slightly overlaps the right side of the first picture.Select the second picture. Under PictureTools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Picture Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher.In the Format Picture dialog box, in the left pane, click Picture. In the Picture pane, in the Brightness box, enter 40%. (Note: You may want to adjust the brightness settings for the picture you have chosen.)Press and hold CTRL, and then select the third and fourth animation effects (fly-in and expand effects for the second picture) in the CustomAnimation task pane. Click the arrow to the right of one of the animation effects, and then click Timing. In the Effect Options dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 0.2, and then click OK.To reproduce the third picture with animation effects on this slide, do the following:On the slide, select the second picture. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate.Drag the third picture until its left side slightly overlaps the right side of the second picture.Select the third picture. Under PictureTools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Picture Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher.In the Format Picture dialog box, in the left pane, click Picture. In the Picture pane, in the Brightness box, enter 20%. (Note: You may want to adjust the brightness settings for the picture you have chosen.)Press and hold CTRL, and then select the fifth and sixth animation effects (fly-in and expand effects for the third picture) in the CustomAnimation task pane. Click the arrow to the right of one of the animation effects, and then click Timing. In the Effect Options dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 0.4, and then click OK.To reproduce the fourth picture with animation effects on this slide, do the following:On the slide, select the third picture. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate.Drag the fourth picture until its left side slightly overlaps the right side of the third picture.Select the fourth picture. Under PictureTools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Picture Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher.In the Format Picture dialog box, in the left pane, click Picture. In the Picture pane, in the Brightness box, enter 0%. Press and hold CTRL, and then select the seventh and eighth animation effects (fly-in and expand effects for the fourth picture) in the CustomAnimation pane. Click the arrow to the right of one of the animation effects, and then click Timing. In the Effect Options dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 0.6, and then click OK.To reproduce the fifth picture with animation effects on this slide, do the following:On the slide, select the fourth picture. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate.Drag the fifth picture until its left side slightly overlaps the right side of the fourth picture.Select the fifth picture. Under PictureTools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Picture Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher.In the Format Picture dialog box, in the left pane, click Picture. In the Picture pane, click the button next to Recolor, and then under No Recolor click No Recolor. Press and hold CTRL, and then select the ninth and 10th animation effects (fly-in and expand effects for the fifth picture) in the CustomAnimation task pane. Click the arrow to the right of one of the selected animation effects, and then click Timing. In the Effect Options dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 0.8, and then click OK.To reproduce the animation effects for the text box on this slide, do the following:On the Home tab, in the Editing group, click Select, and then click Selection Pane.In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the text box, and then do the following in the CustomAnimation task pane:Click Add Effect, point to Entrance, and then click MoreEffects. In the Add Entrance Effect dialog box,under Subtle, click Fade, and then click OK.Under Modify: Fade, in the Start list, select With Previous. Under Modify: Fade, in the Speed list, select Very Fast.In the Selection and Visibility pane, press and hold CTRL, and then select the first, second, third, and fourth pictures. In the CustomAnimation task pane do the following:Click Add Effect, point to Exit, and then click MoreEffects. In the Add Exit Effect dialog box,under Moderate, click Stretchy, and then click OK.Under Modify: Stretchy, in the Start list, select With Previous. Under Modify: Stretchy, in the Speed list, select Fast.Also in the Custom Animation task pane, select the 12th animation effect (first stretchy effect for the text box). Click the arrow to the right of the animation effect, and then click Timing. In the Stretchy dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 1.4, and then click OK.Also in the Custom Animation task pane, select the 13th animation effect (second stretchy effect for the text box). Click the arrow to the right of the animation effect, and then click Timing. In the Stretchy dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 1.6, and then click OK.Also in the Custom Animation task pane, select the 14th animation effect (third stretchy effect for the text box). Click the arrow to the right of the animation effect, and then click Timing. In the Stretchy dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 1.8, and then click OK.Also in the Custom Animation task pane, select the 15th animation effect (fourth stretchy effect for the text box). Click the arrow to the right of the animation effect, and then click Timing. In the Stretchy dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 2.0, and then click OK.To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the right pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Radial.Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until three stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1, Darker 5%(second row, first option from the left). Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 34%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1, Darker 15% (third row, first option from the left). Select Stop 3 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1, Darker 50% (sixth row, first option from the left).
- Custom animation effects: snow scene(Difficult)Tip: For the effects on this slide, it is best to use a large, high-resolution picture. The picture in the example above is 2000 pixels wide by 750 pixels high. You will want to use drawing guides to reproduce the animation effects. To display and set the drawing guides, do the following:Right-click the slide background and select Grid and Guides.In the Grid and Guides dialog box, under Guidesettings, selectDisplaydrawingguideson screen, and then click OK. (Note: One horizontal and one vertical guide will display on the slide at 0.00, the default position. As you drag the guides, the cursor will display the new position.) Press and hold CTRL, select the vertical guide, and then drag it right to the 5.00 position.To reproduce the picture effects on this slide, do the following:On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.On the Insert tab, in the Illustration group, click Picture. In the Insert Picture dialog box, select a picture, and then click Insert. On the slide, select the picture. Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Size and Position dialog box, on the Size tab, resize or crop the picture as needed so that under Size and rotate, the Height box is set to 7.5” and the Width box is set to 20”. Resize the picture under Size and rotate by entering values into the Height and Width boxes. Crop the picture under Crop from by entering values into the Left, Right, Top, and Bottom boxes. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow under Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:Click Align to Slide.Click AlignLeft.Click AlignMiddle.To reproduce the first snowflake effect on this slide, do the following:On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click Clip Art.In the Clip Art pane, in the Search for box, enter j0299587.wmf. In the Search in list, select Everywhere, and then click Go. Select the clip art file in the pane to insert it into the slide. (Note: If you choose another clip art file, the clip art must be in the Windows Metafile format [.wmf].) On the slide, select the clip art. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Ungroup.In the Microsoft Office PowerPoint dialog box, click Yes. On the slide, select the converted clip art. On the Home tab, in the Editing group, click Select, and then click Selection Pane. In the Selection and Visibility pane, select the top-level group. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then click Ungroup. Also in the Selection and Visibility pane, do the following:Select the Autoshape object, and then press DELETE. Press and hold CTRL+SHIFT, select all of the rectangle shapes, and then press DELETE.Also in the Selection and Visibility pane, press and hold CTRL+SHIFT, and then select all the freeform shapes. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow under Arrange, and then click Group.Also in the Selection and Visibility pane, select the group of objects (the snowflake). On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow next to ShapeFill, and then under ThemeColors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).On the slide, right-click the group of objects and then click Cut. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click PasteSpecial. In the PasteSpecial dialog box, check Paste, and then under As, select Picture (PNG).On the slide, select the new snowflake. Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Size and Position dialog box, on the Size tab, under Size and rotation, do the following:In the Height box, enter 1”.In the Width box, enter 0.87”.In the Rotation box, enter 20°.Drag the snowflake into the top left corner of the picture.To reproduce the second snowflake effect on this slide, do the following:On the slide, select the snowflake. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate.Select the second snowflake. Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Size and Position dialog box, on the Size tab, under Size and rotation do the following:In the Height box, enter 0.42”.In the Width box, enter 0.36”.In the Rotation box, enter 20°.Drag the second snowflake off the left edge of the slide. To reproduce the third snowflake effect on this slide, do the following:Select the secondsnowflake picture on the slide. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate.Select the third snowflake. Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Size and Position dialog box, on the Size tab, under Size and rotation do the following:In the Height box, enter 0.56”.In the Width box, enter 0.48”.In the Rotation box, enter 20°.Drag the third snowflake off the left edge of the slide, below and slightly left of the second snowflake. To reproduce the text box for the quotation on this slide, do the following:On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click TextBox. On the slide, drag to draw a text box. Enter text for the quotation in the text box, and then select the text. On the Home tab, in the Font group, select Georgiafrom the Font list, select 18 from the Font Size list, click Italic, click the arrow next to Font Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1. Drag the text box to the right of the first snowflake, near the top left corner of the slide.To reproduce the text box for the quotation attribution on this slide, do the following:On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click TextBox. On the slide, drag to draw a text box. Enter text for the quotation attribution in the text box, and then select the text. On the Home tab, in the Font group, select Georgiafrom the Font list, select 14 from the Font Size list, click Italic, click the arrow next to Font Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1. Drag the text box below and to the right of the quotation text box.To reproduce the animation effects for the second snowflake from the top, do the following:It will be helpful to view the ruler and zoom out from the slide in order to reproduce the animation effects. On the View tab, in the Zoom group, click Zoom. In the Zoom dialog box, select 50%. Also in the View tab, in the Show/Hide group, select Ruler. On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click CustomAnimation.Select the top snowflake off of the left edge of the slide. In the CustomAnimation task pane, click the arrow to the right of AddEffect, point to MotionPaths, point to DrawCustomPath, and then click Curve. To draw the curved motion path, do the following on the slide:Click the first point off the left edge of the slide, near the snowflake.Click the second point 3.5” to the left of the 0.00vertical drawing guide and 0.5” above the horizontal drawing guide.Click the third point 0.5” to the left of the 0.00 vertical drawing guide and 0.5” below the horizontal drawing guide.Click the fourth point 2” to the right of the 0.00 vertical drawing guide and 0.4” below the horizontal drawing guide.Click the fifth point 4” to the right of the 0.00 vertical drawing guide and 0.8” below the horizontal drawing guide.Double-click the sixth and final point 0.5” to the right of the 5.00 vertical drawing guide and 0.75” below the horizontal drawing guide, off the right edge of the slide.In the CustomAnimation task pane, select the first animation effect (curved motion path). Click the arrow to the right of the effect,and then click EffectOptions. In the Curve dialog box, do the following:On the Effect tab, under Settings, in the Path list, select Locked.On the Effect tab, under Settings, clear SmoothStart.On the Effect tab, under Settings, clear SmoothEnd.On the Timing tab, in the Start list, select WithPrevious.On the Timing tab, in the Speed box, enter 12 seconds.Select the top snowflake off the left edge of the slide. In the CustomAnimation task pane, click AddEffect, point to Emphasis, and then click MoreEffects. In the AddEmphasisEffect dialog box, under Basic, click Spin, and then click OK. Select the second animation effect (spin effect). Under Modify: Spin, in the Start list, select WithPrevious.Click the arrow to the right of the second animation effect, and then click Timing. In the Spin dialog box, on the Timing tab, do the following:In the Speed box, enter 6 seconds.In the Repeat list, select 2.Select the top snowflake off the left edge of the slide. In the CustomAnimation task pane, click the arrow to the right of AddEffect, point to Emphasis, and then click MoreEffects. In the AddEmphasisEffect dialog box, under Basic, click Grow/Shrink, and then click OK. In the CustomAnimation task pane, click the arrow to the right of the third animation effect (grow/shrink effect), and then click EffectOptions. In the Grow/Shrink dialog box, do the following:On the Effect tab, in the Size list, in the Custom box, enter 60%, and then press ENTER. On the Effect tab, select SmoothStart.On the Effect tab, select SmoothEnd.On the Effect tab, select Auto-reverse.On the Timing tab, in the Start list, select With Previous. On the Timing tab, in the Speed box, enter 6 seconds.To reproduce the animation effects for the third snowflake from the top, do the following:Select the bottom snowflake off the left edge of the slide. In the CustomAnimation task pane, click the arrow to the right of AddEffect, point to MotionPaths, point to DrawCustomPath, and then click Curve. To draw the curved motion path, do the following on the slide:Click the first point off the left edge of the slide, near the snowflake.Click the second point 3.5” to the left of the 0.00 vertical drawing guide and 1” below the horizontal drawing guide.Click the third point at the intersection of the 0.00 vertical and horizontal drawing guides.Click the fourth point 2” to the right of the 0.00 vertical drawing guide and 0.25” below the horizontal drawing guide.Click the fifth point 4” to the right of the vertical drawing guide and 0.5” above the horizontal drawing guide.Double-click the sixth and final point 0.25” to the right of the 5.00 vertical drawing guide and 0.5” above the horizontal drawing guide, off the right edge of the slide.In the CustomAnimation task pane, click the arrow to the right of the fourth animation effect (second motion path),and then click EffectOptions. In the CustomPath dialog box, do the following:On the Effect tab, under Settings, in the Path list, select Locked.On the Effect tab, clear SmoothStart.On the Effect tab, select SmoothEnd.On the Timing tab, in the Start list, select With Previous. On the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 8.On the Timing tab, in the Speed box, enter 13 seconds, and then click OK.Select the bottom snowflake off the left edge of the slide. In the CustomAnimation task pane, click the arrow to the right of AddEffect, point to Emphasis, and then click MoreEffects. In the AddEmphasisEffect dialog box, under Basic, click Spin, and then click OK.In the CustomAnimation task pane, select the fifth animation effect (spin effect), and under Modify: Spin do the following:In the Start list, select WithPrevious.In the Amount list, in the Custom box, enter 360°, and then press ENTER. Also in the Amount list, select Counterclockwise.In the CustomAnimation task pane, click the arrow to the right of the fifth animation effect, and then click Timing. In the Spin dialog box, on the Timing tab, do the following:In the Delay box, enter 8.In the Speed box, enter 13 seconds.Select the bottom snowflake off the left edge of the slide. In the CustomAnimation task pane, click the arrow to the right of AddEffect, point to Emphasis, and then click MoreEffects. In the AddEmphasisEffect dialog box, under Basic, click Grow/Shrink.In the CustomAnimation task pane, select the sixth animation effect (grow/shrink effect). Click the arrow to the right of the effect, and then click EffectOptions. In the Grow/Shrink dialog box, do the following:On the Effect tab, under Settings, in the Size list, in the Custom box, enter 40%,and then press ENTER.On the Effect tab, under Settings, select SmoothStart.On the Effect tab, under Settings, select SmoothEnd.On the Effect tab, under Settings, select Auto-reverse.On the Timing tab, in the Start list, select WithPrevious.On the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 8.On the Timing tab, in the Speed box, enter 6.5 seconds.To reproduce the picture animation effects, do the following:On the slide, select the large picture. In the CustomAnimation task pane, click AddEffect, point to MotionPaths, and then clickLeft.In the Custom Animation task pane, select the seventh animation effect (left motion path for the large picture). On the slide, point to the endpoint (red arrow) of the selected motion path until the cursor becomes a two-headed arrow. Press and hold SHIFT, and then drag the endpoint all the way to the left edge of the slide. (Note: Be sure that you only extend the motion path by dragging the endpoint, and do not drag the entire motion path up, down, left, or right. You may need to zoom in on the slide in order to drag the path more accurately. On the View tab, in the Zoom group, click Zoom. In the Zoom dialog box, select 100% or larger.)In the CustomAnimation task pane, click the arrow to the right of the seventh animation effect, and then click Timing. In the Left dialog box, on the Timing tab, do the following:In the Start list, select WithPrevious.In the Delay box, enter 17.In the Speed box, enter 3 seconds.To reproduce the animation effects for the first snowflake from the top, do the following:On the slide, select the snowflake immediately to the left of the text box. In the CustomAnimation task pane, click AddEffect, point to Entrance, and then click MoreEffects. In the AddEntranceEffect dialog box, under Subtle, click FadedZoom.In the CustomAnimation task pane, click the arrow to the right of the eighth animation effect (faded zoom effect), and then click Timing. In the FadedZoom dialog box, on the Timing tab, do the following:In the Start list, select WithPrevious.In the Delay box, enter 16.In the Speed box, select 1 second (Fast).On the slide, select the snowflake immediately to the left of the text box. In the CustomAnimation task pane, click AddEffect, point to MotionPaths, point to DrawCustomPath, and then click Curve. To draw the curved motion path, do the following on the slide:Click the first point off the left edge of the slide, 2” below the horizontal drawing guide.Click the second point 3” to the left of the 0.00 vertical drawing guide and 3” below the horizontal drawing guide.Click the third point 1” to the left of the 0.00 vertical drawing guide and 2.75” below the horizontal drawing guide.Click the fourth point 2.75” to the right of the 0.00 vertical drawing guide and 1” below the horizontal drawing guide.Click the fifth point 2.25” to the right of the 0.00 vertical drawing guide and 0.5” above the horizontal drawing guide.Click the sixth point on the 0.00 vertical drawing guide and 2” above the horizontal drawing guide.Double-click the seventh and final point on the snowflake.In the CustomAnimation task pane, click the arrow to the right of the ninth animation effect (custom motion path), and then click Timing. In the CustomPath dialog box, on the Timing tab, do the following: In the Start list, select WithPrevious.In the Delay box, enter 16.In the Speed box, select 5seconds (Very Slow). Right-click the slide background area, and then click Grid and Guides. In the Grid and Guides dialog box, under Guide settings, clear Display drawing guides on screen, and then click OK. To reproduce the animation effects for the quotation text box, do the following:On the slide, select the quotation text box. In the CustomAnimation task pane, click AddEffect, point to Entrance, and then click MoreEffects. In the AddEntranceEffect dialog box, under Subtle, click Fade.In the CustomAnimation task pane, click the arrow to the right of the tenth animation effect (fade effect for the text box), and then click EffectOptions. In the Fade dialog box, do the following:On the Effect tab, in the Animatetext list, select Byletter.On the Effect tab, in the % delay between letters box, enter 4.On the Timing tab, in the Start list, select WithPrevious.On the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 21.On the Timing tab, in the Speed box, enter 0.5 seconds.To reproduce the animation effects for the quotation attribution text box, do the following:Select the quotation attribution text box. In the CustomAnimation task pane, click the arrow to the right of AddEffect, point to Entrance, and then click MoreEffects. In the AddEntranceEffect dialog box, under Subtle, click Fade.In the CustomAnimation task pane, click the arrow to the right of the 11th animation effect (fade effect for the quotation attribution text box), and then click EffectOptions. In the Fade dialog box, on the Timing tab, do the following:In the Start list, select WithPrevious.In the Delay box, enter 22.5.In the Speed list, select 0.5 seconds.
- Custom animation effects: picture changes during motion path(Advanced)To reproduce the first picture effect on this slide, do the following:On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout and then click Blank. On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click Picture. In the Insert Picture dialog box, select a picture, and then click Insert. Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Size and Position dialog box, on the Size tab, resize or crop the picture as needed so that under Size and rotate, the Height box is set to 2” and the Width box is set to 2”. Resize the picture under Size and rotate by entering values into the Height and Width boxes. Crop the picture under Crop from by entering values into the Left, Right, Top, and Bottom boxes. Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Picture Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane. In the Line Color pane, select Solid line, click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Style in the left pane, and then in the Line Style pane, in the Width box, enter 1.5 pt. Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Shadow in the left pane. In the Shadow pane, click the button next to Presets, and then under Outer click Offset Center (second row, second option from the left). On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation. On the slide, select the picture. In the Custom Animation task pane, click Add Effect, point to Entrance, and then click More Effects. In the Add Entrance Effect dialog box, under Subtle, click Fade, and then click OK.Also in the Custom Animation task pane, select the first animation effect (fade effect for the picture), and then under Modify: Fade do the following:In the Start list, select With Previous. In the Speed list, select Fast. Also in the Custom Animation task pane, click Add Effect, point to Motion Paths, and then click Right. Also in the Custom Animation task pane, select the second animation effect (motion path for the picture), and then under Modify: Right, in the Start list, select With Previous. Also in the Custom Animation task pane, click the arrow to the right of the second animation effect, and then click Timing. In the Right dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Speed box, enter 10seconds.On the slide, select the motion path. Press and hold SHIFT to constrain the path to a straight, horizontal line, and then drag the right adjustment handle to the right, stopping approximately 1.5” left of the right edge of the slide. (Note: On the View tab, in the Show/Hide group, select Ruler to measure approximately where the endpoint is on the slide.)To reproduce the other pictures on this slide, do the following:Select the picture. On the Home tab, in the Clipboard group, click the arrow under Paste, and then click Duplicate. Repeat this process for a total of four duplicate pictures. Select a duplicate picture. Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the Adjust group, click Change Picture. In the Insert Picture dialog box, select a new picture, and then click Insert. Under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Size and Position dialog box, on the Size tab, resize or crop the picture as needed so that under Size and rotate, the Height box is set to 2” and the Width box is set to 2”. Resize the picture under Size and rotate by entering values into the Height and Width boxes. Crop the picture under Crop from by entering values into the Left, Right, Top, and Bottom boxes. Repeat steps 2-4 for the other duplicate pictures. To reproduce the other animation effects on this slide, do the following:In the Custom Animation task pane, select the third animation effect (fade effect for the second picture). Click the arrow to the right of the selected effect, and then click Timing. In the Fade dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 2.5. Also in the Custom Animation task pane, select the fifth animation effect (fade effect for the third picture). Click the arrow to the right of the selected effect, and then click Timing. In the Fade dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 5. Also in the Custom Animation task pane, select the seventh animation effect (fade effect for the fourth picture). Click the arrow to the right of the selected effect, and then click Timing. In the Fade dialog box, on the Timing tab, in the Delay box, enter 7.5. On the slide, press and hold SHIFT and select all four pictures. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:Click Align Selected Objects.Click Align Center. Click Align Middle. Drag the pictures into the top left corner of the slide. To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Shapes, and then under Rectangles click Rectangle (first option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw a rectangle. Select the rectangle. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:In the Shape Height box, enter 3.42”.In the Shape Width box, enter 10”.Under DrawingTools, on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Shape Styles group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Line Color in the left pane, and then select No line in the Line Color pane. Also in the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Linear.Click the button next to Direction, and then click Linear Down (first row, second option from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 1%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 94, Green: 156, Blue: 198.In the Transparency box, enter 60%.Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 94, Green: 156, Blue: 198.In the Transparency box, enter 90%.On the slide, drag the rectangle vertically to position it just above the middle of the slide. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, and then do the following:Point to Align, and then click Align to Slide.Point to Align, and then click Align Center.Click Send to Back. Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Linear.Click the button next to Direction, and then click Linear Down (first row, second option from the left)In the Angle box, enter 90⁰.Under Gradient stops, click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following:In the Stop position box, enter 70%.Click the button next to Color, and then click White, Background 1, Darker 5% (second row, first option from the left).Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then click White, Background 1, Darker 25% (fourth row, first option from the left).