Pam-AØv has consistently removed opposition members from various legislative bodies in Bangladesh through no-confidence motions over multiple elections and terms. This has restricted debate and prevented oversight of the ruling party's policies. While security concerns may have played a role, the pattern of removing opposition suggests an attempt to consolidate power rather than ensure safety. There is little evidence that any single opposition member posed a unique threat requiring their removal each time. Overall, Pam-AØv 's repeated use of no-confidence motions to remove opposition seems aimed at limiting dissent more than addressing immediate security issues.

1. ne-]mSv
laoZv hmWn-ta¬
D-]sX-cs™-Sp-∏nse
- -
Pam-AØv ne-]mSv
]n¥p-W°msX amdn-n¬°-Wsa∂ Pam-AØv Xocp-amw
- -
Pm-[n-]Xy-tØm-Sp≈ sh√p-hn-fntbm _ln-jvIcWtam
- - -
A√. CØcw {]Nm-cth-eIfpambn Pam-AØv hncp-≤¿
- -
I®-sI´n Cd-ßnbncn-°p-∂p. Ccp ap-∂Wn-Isfbpw ]n¥p-
- - -
W-°m≥ Ign-bm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw as‰mcp kwhn-[mw C√m-Xn-
cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬ Pm-[n-]Xy kwhn-[m--Øn¬ CX-
√mØ as‰¥v hgn-bmWv kzoI-cn-°m≥ km[n-°p-I?
sXc- s ™- S p∏v cmjv { So- b - Ø n¬ kz¥amb ne-
]msSSpØv kPo-hambn CS-s]-Sp∂ {]ÿm-amWv Pam-
- -
AsØ Ckvem-an. BZ¿imSnØ-d-bn¬ n∂p-sIm≠v
ne-hnse kml-N-cy-߃ hne-bn-cpØn, Dt±-in-°p∂
am‰-Ønv sXc-s™-Sp∏v AS-°-ap-≈ kmaq-ly-kw-hn-
[m-ßsf km[y-am-Ip∂ Af-hn¬ D]-tbm-Ks∏-Sp-Øm-
- -
≥ {]ÿmw mfn-Xp-hsc Xm¬]cyw ImWn-®n-´p-≠v.
aq∂v nb-a-k`m afi-e-ß-fnte°p≈ 2009 sk]v‰w-
_¿ 7˛se D]-sX-cs™-Sp-∏nv henb cmjv{Sob {]m[m-
-
y-an-s√-¶nepw Ccp-ap-∂-Wn-Ifpw Poh≥a-c-W- t]m-cm-´-
am-bn-´mWv CXns I≠-X.v IÆqcnepw Fd-Wm-Ip-fØpw
Be-∏p-g-bnepw Ccp-ap-∂-Wn-Ifpw Xß-f-psS apgp-h≥
hn`-hßfpw ]pd-sØ-Sp-Øm-bn-cp∂p {]Nm-cWw S-Øn-
-
b-Xv. Cu sXc-s™-Sp∏v tIm¨{Kkv tXrXzw k-
wÿmØv sI´n-tb¬∏n® Hc-[nI _m[y-X-bm-Wv.
Uk≥I-W-°nv tXm-°ƒ sX°p-h-S°v S-°p∂
tIm¨{Kkn¬ aq∂v nb-a-k`m km-am-Pn-Isc ]m¿e-
c≠m-bn-cØn-sbmºXv
- hw_¿ ]Xn-mev

2. sa‚n-te°v Ab-°p-Ibpw CØcw Hcp sXc-s™-Sp-∏nv Am-h-iy-amb Ah-
kcw Hcp-°p-I-bp-amWv sNbvX-Xv. F∂mepw Cu sXc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ ne-]mSv
kzoI-cn®v {]Xn-I-cn-°m-p≈ ]ucm-h-Imi _m[y-X-bn¬n∂v amdn-n¬°msX
Kuc-h-tØm-sS-Øs∂ CS-s]-Sm-mWv Pam-AØv Xocp-am-n-®-Xv.
2006 se nb-a-k`m sXc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ ]q¿W-ambpw AXn-p-tijw S∂
D]-sX-cs™-Sp-∏nepw C°-gn™ temI-k`m-sX-cs™-Sp-∏n¬ 18 afi-eßfnepw
- - - - -
CS-Xp-]-£sØbmWv Pam-AØv ]n¥p-W-®Xv. tZiob˛A-¥¿tZ-iob˛{]mtZ-
inI kml-N-cy-ßsf IrXy-ambn hnebn-cpØn Cu Hmtcm sXc-s™-Sp-∏nepw
Pam-AØv ne-]mSv {]Jym-]n-®psIm-≠mWv CS-Xp-]-£-sØ ]n¥pW®-Xv. Ccp-
ap-∂-Wn-I-fn¬ H∂ns ]n¥p-W-°-W-sa∂ n¿_-‘n-Xm-h-ÿ-bpsS `mK-
ambncp∂n√ Cu ne-]m-Sp-I-sfm-∂pw. Hmtcm sXc-s™-Sp-∏nepw ]n¥p-W-bpsS
ASn-ÿm Imc-W߃ hy‡-am-°p∂ b-hn-iZo-IcWw S-Ømdp-≠v. Ign™
- - -
nb-a-k`m sXc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ CS-Xp-]-£-Ønv ]n¥pW {]Jym-]n®v Cd-°nb
{]kvXm-h--bn¬ Cßs hni-Zo-I-cn-°p∂p. "" ap-jys‚ auen-Ihpw {]mY-an-
I-hp-amb Bh-iy-ßfmWv hnZym-`ym-khpw Btcm-Kyhpw. apX-em-fnØw krjvSn®
-
]pXnb kml-N-cy-Øn¬ ne-hnse kwÿm `c-W-Iq-Shpw AXnv tXrXzw
sImSp-°p∂ ap∂-Wnbpw Cu c≠v taJ-e-I-sfbpw I®-h-S-h¬°-cn-°p-Ibpw
km[m-c-W-°m-cv A{]m]yam°nØo¿°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. sNdp-Øp
tXm¬∏n-°-s∏-tS≠ apX-em-fnØ {]h-W-X-I-fmWv Ch-sb∂v Pam-AsØ
Ckveman a-€n-em-°p∂p. tcsØ kqNn-∏n® BtKm-fo-I-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw I®-
hS Xmev]cy-ßfp-sSbpw ^e-ambn ap-jy-hn-cp-≤hpw {]Ir-Xn-hn-cp-≤hp-amb hnI-
- - -
k coXn-Iƒ S-∏n-em-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. ΩpsS kwÿm-Øv hnI-k--Øns‚
t]cn¬ S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ ]eXpw ]mcn-ÿn-XnI k¥p-e-sØ
A´n-a-dn-°p-∂Xpw kmam-y-P--Øns‚ PohnXw Zpcn-X-]q¿W-am-°p-∂-Xp-am-W-v.
B]¬°-c-amb CØcw o°-߃s°Xn-cmb t]mcm-´-Øn-emWv Ckvem-anI
{]ÿm-hpw AXns‚ t]mj-I-L-S-I-ßfpw aoUn-b-bpw. Cu ka-c-ß-tfm-Spw
ImgvN-∏m-Sp-I-tfmSpw XØzm-[njv-Tn-X-amb Ap-`mhw ]pe¿Øm≥ km[n-°pI
Xmc-X-tay CS-Xp]-£-Øn-m-bn-cn-°p-sa∂p Pam-AsØ Ckveman Icp-Xp-∂p.
F∂m¬ CS-Xp-]£w CXx-]cy¥w ]pe¿Øn-t∏m-cp∂ ne-]m-Sp-ItfmSv Pam-AsØ
- -
Ckveman ]q¿W-ambn tbmPn-°p∂p F∂v CXn-¿Y-an-√'' (am-[yaw 2006 G{]n¬
6).
A∂sØ bp.-Un.-F^v `c-W-sØ-°p-dn®v Pam-AØv nco-£Ww icn-bm-
sW∂v t_m[y-s∏-SpØp-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p sXc-s™-Sp-∏nse P-hn-[n. sX‰mb
hnI-k b-Ønpw tIm¨{Kkv {Kq∏v Ifn-°pw P-hn-cp≤ kao-]--߃°p-
sa-Xnsc P-hn-Imcw Bfn-°-Øn-b-Xns‚ ^e-am-bn-´m-Wv 98 ko‰pw CS-Xp-ap-∂-
Wn°v ]nSn-s®-Sp-°m≥ km[n-®-Xv. Bdp amk-Øn-p-tijw Xncp-h-ºmSn D]-sX-c-
s™-Sp-∏n¬ CSXp `c-WØns‚ hogvNIƒ Xpd∂pIm´nbpw Xncp-Øm-p≈ Ah-
-
kcw Ah¿°p-s≠∂ {]Xo-£-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bpamWv ho≠pw Ahsc Pam-AØv
]n¥p-W-®Xv. 2006 hw-_¿ 26 v Hma-t»-cn-bn¬ S∂ sXc-s™-Sp∏v b-{]-
Jym-]- -k-tΩ-f--Øn¬ Pam-AØv Aao¿ Sn.-B-cn-^en {]Jym-]n-®Xpw CXp-X-
s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. "" Bdp-amkw apºp--S∂ nb-a-k`m sXc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ CS-Xp-ap-
∂-Wnsb ]n¥p-W°m-p-≠mb kml-Ncy-ßfn¬ auen-Iamb am‰-ßfp-≠m-bn-´n-
- - - - -
Bbn-cØn mq‰n ap∏Xv Zp¬JAZv Ccp-]Øn-bmdv
-

3. k¿°m-dns t¿h-gn°v Nen-∏n-°m-p≈ {]Xn-]£
[¿aw n¿h-ln-°p-∂Xn¬ bp.-Un.-F^v ]cm-Pbs∏-´p.
- - -
tIc-fØnse I¿j-Isc H∂-S¶w _m[n-°p∂ Bkn-
-
bm≥ Icm-dns‚ hnj-b-Øn¬ t]mepw kwÿm--
Øns‚ Xm¬]-cy-tØm-sSm∏w Dd-®p-n¬°mpw tI{µ-
Øn¬ i‡-amb kΩ¿Zw sNep-Ømpw {ian-°msX
CS-Xp-]£ Btcm-]Wambn am{Xw CXv Ah-Xcn-∏n-°m-
- - -
mWv {ian-®-Xv. _kv Nm¿Pv, sshZypXn Nm¿Pv, sh≈-
°cw XpS-ßnbh h¿[n-∏n®t∏mƒ {Inbm-flI-ambn
{]Xn-Icn-°mtm i‡-amb ka-cØn-eqsS k¿°m-dns
- -
Xncp-Ømtm {]Xn-]£Ønv H´pw km[n-®n-√.
- -
√. `cWw P-ß-fpsS {]Xo-£-s°mØv Db¿∂n-´n-s√-¶nepw t]mcm-bva-Iƒ ]cn-
l-cn-°m-p≈ kmh-Imiw k¿°m-dnp ¬I-Ww. Bdp-amkw Hcp `c-W-Iq-
SsØ hne-bn-cp-Øm≥ aXn-bmb Ime-bfhs√-∂mWv Rß-fpsS A`n-{]m-bw. kao-
- - -
]-Ime kw`-h-ß-fn¬ Kh¨sa‚ns‚ `mK-Øp-n-∂p-≠mb b-ssh-I-ey-ßsf
Ipdn®pw Akw-Xr-]Xn-sb-°p-dn®pw DØ-chm-Zs∏-´hcp-ambn kwkm-cn-®n-´p-s≠∂pw
v - - - -
k¿°mdpw CS-Xp-ap-∂Wnbpw hogvNIƒ Xncp-Øp-sa-∂mWv {]Xo-£sb∂pw Bcn-
- - -
^en ]d-™p'' (am-Xr-`qan 2006 hw-_¿ 27)
yq-]£ thm´ns‚ ]n≥_e-Øn¬ Xs∂ Xncp-h-ºmSn D]sXc-s™-Sp-
∏n¬ CS-Xp-]£w hnP-bn-®p. F∂m¬ aq∂c h¿jsØ CS-Xp-`-c-WsØ IrXy-
ambn hne-bn-cpØn ne-]mSv kzoI-cn-°m≥ _m[y-ÿ-amb Cu sXc-s™-Sp-
∏n¬ CS-Xp-]-£-ap-∂-Wn°v thm´p-sN-øm≥ IgnbmØ kml-N-cy-amWv Ct∏m-gp-
≈-Xv.
hgn-sX-‰nb CS-Xp-]£w
CS-Xp-`-c-W-Ønse sX‰mb hnI-k b-ßfpw apJy-I-£n-bmb kn.-]n.-
F-Ωns‚ hn`m-Ko-b-Xbpw hnZym-`ymk taJ-e-bn-e-S-°-ap≈ yq-]£ hnj-b-
ß-fnse Xm¬]-cy-°p-dhpw LS-I-I£nIfnse ]S-e-]n-W-°-ßfpw AS°w CS-
Xp-]£ k¿°m-dn¬ {]Xo£b¿∏n® P-ßfn¬ henb ncmibmWv D≠m-°n-
b-Xv. XmØzn-I-ambn apX-em-fn-Ø-hn-cp≤ b-ap≈ CS-Xp-]-£-Øns‚ hyh-kmb
ASp-°-f-bn¬ ]mIw-sN-bvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ an° ]≤-Xn-Ifpw bp.-Un.-F-^ns‚
ImesØ hyh-kmb b-Øns‚ ]n¥p-S¿®-bm-bn-´mWv Ap-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.
s]mXp-ta-Jem ÿm]--ß-fn¬ D≠mb DW¿hns AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w,
kzIm-cy-ta-J-e-bn¬ cq]-s∏-Sp∂ apX-em-fnØ kao-]w AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ ]‰m-
Ø-Xm-Wv. ]m¿´n-bnse hn`m-Ko-b-X-bm-hs´ tIm¨{Kkv {Kq∏v hg-°n-s-t∏mepw
tXm¬∏n-°p∂ hn[-am-Wv. C°-gn™ temI-k`m sXc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ kz¥w
ÿmm¿Yn-Iƒs°-Xnsc thm´psNøm≥ t]mepw k∂-≤-am-bXv n€mc Imcy-a-
√. Xt±i kzbw`cW ÿm]--ß-fn¬ temI-_m¶v hmbv] bp.-Un.-F-^v `cW
ImeØv njn-≤-am-sW∂v {]Jym-]n®v kn.-]n.-Fw A[n-Im-c-Øn-se-Ønb DSs
c≠m-bn-cØn-sbmºXv
- hw_¿ ]Xn-mev

4. AXv kzoI-cn-°m-mWv Xm¬]cyw ImWn-®-Xv. aX-yq--]£ {]iv-ßfn¬
kPo-h-ambn CS-s]-Sm≥ Xm¬]cyw ImWn® CS-Xp-k¿°m¿ AXns‚ {]mtbm-
KnI taJ-e-bn¬ Imcy-ambn H∂pw sNbvXn-√. k®m¿ dnt∏m¿´v shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-
ep-I-fpsS `mK-ambn ]msemfn IΩ-n‰nsb ntbm-Kn®v AXn-thK dnt∏m¿´v hmßn
AwKo-Imcw ¬In-sb-¶nepw AXv S-∏m-°m≥ k¿°m-dnv Cnbpw km[n-®n´n-
√. aZvdkm A[ym-]I t£a-n[n DZvLm-S--Øn-e-h-km-n-®p. CS-Xp-]£
{]I-S ]{Xn-Ibnse tc-{µ≥ Iao-j≥ dnt∏m¿´nse _m°vtemKv hfsc s]s´∂v
-
nI-Øp-sa∂ hmKvZmw {]Jym-]Øn¬ HXpßn. hnZym-`ym-k hIp∏v nc-
¥cw hnhm-Z-߃ krjvSn-°p-Ibpw yq-]£ hncp-≤X AXns‚ apJ-ap-{Z-bmbn
amdp-Ibpw sNbvXp. G‰hpw Ah-kmw temI-k`m sXc-s™-Sp∏v ka-bØv
hnZym`ymk hIp-∏n-s-Xnsc yq-]£ kaq-l-Øns‚ Bi¶ ]cn-K-Wn®v Bh-
iy-am-bXv sNøp-sa∂ {]Xo£ ¬In-sb-¶nepw ]n∂oSv Hc--°-hp-ap-≠m-bn-√.
CXv CS-Xp-]£ k¿°m-dn-s-Xnsc Ip‰-]{Xw ka¿∏n-°m-p≈ {ia-a-√. Ah-
ti-jn-°p∂ mfp-I-fn¬ Pm{KX ImWn-°m-p≈ Hcp ktµiw ¬I¬ IqSn-bm-
Wv. apkvenw yq-]£Øns‚ km{am-PyXz hncp≤ hnIm-csØ F√m ImeØpw
- - -
Hcp-t]mse thm´m°n am‰mmhp-sa∂v Icp-Xp-∂Xv auVy-a√. yq-]£ {]iv-
ßfpw Ah-Im-ißfpw apJ-hn-e-s°-Sp-°m≥ k¿°m¿ k∂-≤-am-h-Ww. tIc-f-
Øn¬ CS-Xp-]£ Ncn-{X-Øn¬ G‰hpw henb ]n¥pW yq-]£ kaq-l-
Øn¬ n∂p e`n-®n´pw AXn-tmSv Ap-Iq-e-ambn {]Xn-I-cn-°m≥ CS-Xp-ap-∂-
Wn°v km[n-®n-√. tI{µ-K-h¨sa‚ns‚ yq-]£ hnZym-`ymk klm-b-߃
t]mepw kwÿm-Øv ]cm-Xn-I-fn-√msX hnX-cWw sNøm≥ CSXp k¿°m-dnv
Ign-™n-√.
bp.-Un.-F^v
FhnsS n¬°p-∂p?
kwÿm--Øns‚ s]mXp Xm¬]cyw Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-®v Hcp {Inbm-flI {]Xn-
]-£-ambn {]h¿Øn-°m≥ bp.-Un.-F^v tXr-Xz-Ønv km[n-®n-´n-√. k¿°m-
dns t¿h-gn°v Nen-∏n-°m-p≈ {]Xn-]£ [¿aw n¿h-ln-°p-∂-Xn¬ bp.-
Un.-F^v ]cm-Pbs∏-´p. CSXp `cW ]cm-PbØns‚ sK-‰ohv thm´n¬ ASpØ
- - - -
`cWw kz]vw ImWpIbmWv bp.-Un.-F^v. G‰hpw Ah-kmw tIc-f-Ønse
I¿j-Isc H∂-S¶w _m[n-°p∂ Bkn-bm≥ Icm-dns‚ hnj-b-Øn¬ t]mepw
kwÿm--Øns‚ Xm¬]-cy-tØm-sSm∏w Dd-®p-n¬°mpw tI{µ-Øn¬ i‡-
amb kΩ¿Zw sNep-Ømpw {ian-°msX CS-Xp-]£ Btcm-]-W-ambn am{Xw
CXv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m-mWv {ian-®-Xv. _kv Nm¿Pv, sshZypXn Nm¿Pv, sh≈-°cw
XpS-ßnbh h¿[n-∏n®t∏mƒ {Inbm-flI-ambn {]Xn-I-cn-°mtm i‡-amb ka-c-
Øn-eqsS k¿°m-dns Xncp-Øm-tm {]Xn-]-£-Ønv H´pw km[n-®n-√. hnZym-
`ym-k˛Btcm-Ky-˛B`y-¥c hIp-∏pIfnse {]ivßsf-t∏mepw kPo-hhpw kXy-
-- - - - - -
k-‘hp-ambn ssIImcyw sNøm≥ Ah¿°v km[n-®n-√. ]n.-Fkv.kn-bnse yq-
- - -
]£ Xm¬]cyw A´n-adn°pw hn[-ap≈ PmXob Xm¬]-cy-߃ kwc-£n-°mpw
-
Ah¿ Iq´p-n-∂p. Bkn-bm≥ Icm¿ AS-°-ap≈ apX-em-fnØ BtKm-fo-I-cW
kao-]--ß-fnse b-an-√m-bvabpaS°w nc-h[n hnj-b-ß-fn¬ kz¥-amb Hcp
ImgvN-∏m-Sp-an-√mØ kmºm¿ kao-]--amWv {]Xn-]-£-Øn-p-≈-Xv. sslth
Bbn-cØn mq‰n ap∏Xv Zp¬JAZv Ccp-]Øn-bmdv
-

5. CS-Xp-`cWØnse sX‰mb hnI-k b-ßfpw
- - -
apJy-I£n-bmb kn.-]n.-FΩns‚ hn`m-Ko-bXbpw
- - -
hnZym-`ymk taJ-e-bn-e-S-°-ap≈ yq-]£ hnj-b-ß-fnse
Xm¬]-cy-°p-dhpw LS-II£nIfnse ]S-e]n-W°ßfpw
- - - -
AS°w CS-Xp-]£ k¿°m-dn¬ {]Xo£b¿∏n®
P-ßfn¬ henb ncmibmWv D≠m-°n-b-Xv. XmØzn-I-
ambn apX-em-fn-Ø- hn-cp≤b-ap≈ CS-Xp-]£Øns‚
- -
hyh-kmb ASp-°fbn¬ ]mIw-sN-bvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂
- -
an° ]≤-Xn-Ifpw bp.-Un.-F-^ns‚ ImesØ hyh-kmb
b-Øns‚ ]n¥p-S¿®-bm-bn-´mWv Ap-`hs∏-Sp-∂Xv.
- - -
hnI-k--Øns‚ `m-K-ambn IpSn-sbm-gn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ At-Im-bncw IpSpw-_-ß-
fpsS IÆpo¿ ImWm≥ t]mepw {]Xn-]£w Xbm-d-√. am‰-߃°v k∂-≤-am-
hmsX C-∂-sØ kml-N-cy-Øn¬ Cu ap∂-Wnsb ]n¥p-W-°m≥ Pam-AsØ
Ckvem-an-sb-t∏m-se-bp≈ Hcm-Z¿i {]ÿm--Ønv km[y-a-√.
Ccp -ap-∂-Wn-I-sfbpw ]n¥p-W-°m≥ Ign-bmØ CØcw kml-N-cy-Øn¬
Pam-AsØ Ckveman F¥p sNø-Ww? Ccp ap-∂Wn-Iƒ°pw hy‡-amb ktµiw
- -
¬In-s°m-≠v as‰mcp hgn tXSmt Ckvem-anI {]ÿm--Ønv km[n-°p-I-bp-
≈q. Ccp ap∂-Wn-bn¬ H∂ns ]n¥p-W-°¬ am{X-amWv cmjv{Sob CS-s]-S-
ens‚ Ah-km cq]-sa∂v {]ÿmw Icp-Xp-∂n-√.
Ccp ap∂-Wn-Iƒ°pw
Pam-AØv ]n¥p-W-bn-√
Ccp -ap-∂-Wn-I-sfbpw ]n¥p-W-°m-Xn-cn-°m-mWv Pam-AsØ Ck-vem-an
kwÿ-m tXr-Xzw Xocp-am-n-®-Xv. Pm-[n-]Xy kwhn-[m--Øn¬ G-sXmcp
]ucpw {Kq∏npw hn´p-n-¬°m-p≈ kzmX-{¥y-ap-≠v. ]n¥p-W-°msX amdn-
n¬°-Wsa∂ Pam-AØv Xocp-amw Pm-[n-]Xy-tØm-Sp≈ sh√p-hn-fntbm _ln-
- -
jvI-c-Wtam A√. CØcw {]Nm-c-th-e-Ifpambn Pam-AØv hncp-≤¿ I®-sI´n
Cd-ßnbncn-°p-∂p. Ccp -ap-∂-Wn-I-sfbpw ]n¥p-W-°m≥ Ign-bm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw
as‰mcp kwhn-[mw C√m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬ Pm-[n-]Xy kwhn-[m-Øn¬
-
CX-√mØ as‰¥v hgn-bmWv kzoI-cn-°m≥ km[n-°p-I?
Ccp -ap-∂-Wn-Ifpw kwÿm--Øn-s‚ s]mXp-Xm¬]-cy-ß-tfmSv oXn ]p-
e¿Ømpw kmaq-lnI-oXn Dd-∏p-hcp-Ømpw Pm{KX ImWn-°Wsa∂ k-tµiw
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Dƒs°m-≈m-mWv Xbm-dm-tI-≠-Xv. ne-]m-Sp-Ifpw am-hnI Xm¬]-cy-ßfpw
aqey-t_m-[-hp-ap≈ Hcp {]ÿm--Øns‚ cmjv{Sob ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Isf ap-∂Wn
cmjv{So-bØns‚ GI-]£o-bam-b {Xmkn¬ Xq°n a-€n-em-°m≥ F-√m-h¿°pw
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Hcpt]mse km[n®psIm-≈-W-sa-∂n-√. Ccp ap∂-Wn-Ifpw Pam-A-Øv Xocp-am--
ß-fpsS Xm¬]cyw a-€n-em°n {Inbm-flIambn {]Xn-Icn-°p-sa-∂p-Xs∂-bmWv
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Ckvem-anI {]-ÿmw hniz-kn-°p-∂-Xv.
c≠m-bn-cØn-sbmºXv
- hw_¿ ]Xn-mev