The document provides an overview of the 13 original British colonies in North America, including details on their founding and development. It discusses the earliest colonies of Jamestown, Plymouth, and the Massachusetts Bay Colony. It then summarizes the founding of each of the other 10 colonies - Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, and the Carolinas. The summary highlights some of the key people and events in the founding of each colony, as well as their systems of government.

1. Unit 2 – the 13 Original Colonies http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F6SrZ-6cGVA

4. James Town – The London Company Company granted a charter Brought 144 settlers, mostly gentlemen, some farmers, some indentured servants What is an indentured servant? 105 made it to North America Leadership in Jamestown was lacking Story of John Smith, Pocahontas and John Rolfe Not like the Disney movie

5. Jamestown was a Charter Colony The men going to Jamestown were given a charter. This charter was a set of rules as to how the King of England wanted the colony to be run The settlers were supposed to obey the charter to the best of their ability www.historyglobe.com/jamestown

9. Jamestown Cont. Soon they were sick and starving, ½ died within a few months Resorted to cannibalism, even looting their own fresh graves and fresh graves of the Indians The Powhatans decided to help them and introduced them to tobacco – this would be where the major export began Soon the London Co. started making $ - indentured servants worked off debt

10. What is a Primary Source?

11. Plymouth and the Pilgrims – and the Massachusetts Bay Colony This was the group that came over on the Mayflower – known as Separatists Wanted to get back to the most pure form of their protestant religion – were very, very, very, very strict They were in search of religious freedom Originally they had fled to the Netherlands 102 People on the ship, only 35 were Separatists/Pilgrims – today, we refer to the whole group as pilgrims. Led by William Bradford

12. Plymouth Rock, Mass. While onboard the ship, they signed the MAYFLOWER COMPACT. This would be the first ‘republic’ governing document in the Americas. They meant to settle in Jamestown but a storm blew them off course and they landed in Massachusetts Bay, too close to winter to keep going. Like Jamestown, they landed in a really poor area to start a new colony – and at a bad time of year

13. Mayflower Compact "In the name of God, Amen. We, whose names are underwritten, the Loyal Subjects of our dread Sovereign Lord, King James, by the Grace of God, of England, France and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, e&. Having undertaken for the Glory of God, and Advancement of the Christian Faith, and the Honour of our King and Country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parts of Virginia; do by these presents, solemnly and mutually in the Presence of God and one of another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politick, for our better Ordering and Preservation, and Furtherance of the Ends aforesaid; And by Virtue hereof to enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal Laws, Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions and Offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the General good of the Colony; unto which we promise all due submission and obedience. In Witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names at Cape Cod the eleventh of November, in the Reign of our Sovereign Lord, King James of England, France and Ireland, the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fifty-fourth. Anno Domini, 1620."

14. Three Key Points in the Mayflower Compact: Pledged loyalty to England Declared their intention of forming a ‘civil body politic, for our better ordering and preservation’ Pledge to obey laws of the new colony

15. Help from Natives at Plymouth Squanto and Samoset taught them to grow crops and fish Massasoit, Wampanoag leader, signed a treaty with the Pilgrims and they all lived in peace

17. 13 colonies Help from Indians, guidance from King James Came by boat

18. Massachusetts Bay Colony Started by Puritans, John Winthrop In 1630 - Led about 900 men, women, and children to Boston In the 1630’s 15,000 people would migrate from England to Boston This colony established a general assembly to make their rules/laws. The general assembly was composed of elected officials. But, they had a royal Charter

19. Rhode Island Banished Roger Williams from Massachusetts He thought people should not be banished for their ideas Founded Providence, and for the next 40 years welcomed people of all religious backgrounds, including Jews Drew people who were forced out of Massachusetts Became a safe place for dissenters Received Charter from the King in 1644

20. Connecticut Settled Thomas Hooker, who became dissatisfied with Puritans and founded Hartford Colonists also in search of better soil, wanted to leave Mass. Hartford would join with two other towns and eventually establish Connecticut Adopted the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, which was the first written constitution in America and described a representative government - 1636

21. New Hampshire Very similar story to that of Rhode Island They left Massachusetts for religious freedom but went north instead of south Finally became independent of Mass. John Wheelwright 1638

22. Conflicts with Natives begins in New England 1675 war begins with Wampanoag The colonists would win, now free to expand as far as they wanted

24. Dutch settle Manhattan -> New York Settled by Dutch, originally named New Amsterdam, was founded for fur trapping. Became a proprietary colony – run by the guy who owns the land. Most settlers settled around the Hudson River Valley Named for the King’s brother, the Duke of York Would be quietly conquered and taken as a British Colony

25. New Jersey The Duke of York gave the southern part of his colony to two other English nobles. They named it New Jersey after the island of Jersey in the English Channel where one of the noblemen was born. Also a proprietary colony. To get people there they gave large tracts of land, promised religious freedom, trial by jury and a representative assembly. No natural harbors, so did not develop as a major port.

26. Pennsylvania William Penn and the Quakers William Penn Sr. had loaned the king money, and instead of having it paid back, he asked for land in the Americas Quakers believed in the ‘immediacy’ of God’s teachings They thought that you didn’t need a church or a minister for God to talk to you. Instead, you had your own ‘inward light’ They were pacifists – meaning they didn’t believe in fighting or war, hence Philadelphia “city of brotherly love” Proprietary colony – run by the individuals who were given land from the king.

27. Delaware Was originally the southern tip of Pennsylvania Settled by Swedes and Dutch The Charter of Privileges, allowed them to form their own legislature and from then on became known as their own colony. Another proprietary colony. Report to Governor of Pennsylvania

28. Mary Land aka Maryland Haven for Catholics, named for King Henry VIII’s daughter, Mary (aka Bloody Mary) After King Henry VIII died his daughter tried to get England to go back to Catholicism, the Catholic colony would be named for her Grew tobacco first, then said you had to grow at least one other crop, this included corn, fruit, wheat, veggies, and livestock Baltimore established itself as a major port for Maryland Mason-Dixon line was established to keep Pennsylvania and Maryland from fighting over boundaries

30. Virginia Started with Jamestown Bacon’s Rebellion: attacked Native Americans and burnt down Jamestown – land dispute would have taken charge of Virginia, but died

31. North/South Carolina Meaning Charles land in Latin Set up as a propriety colony south of Virginia Settled Charles Town (Charleston) John Locke wrote their constitution, but Carolina deviated from that plan People in the north and south disagreed and would form two colonies, North and South Very rich farmland Developed Indigo, blue dye, “blue gold” Many slaves brought for sugar production

32. Georgia Founded by James Oglethorpe on the belief of freedom, no slaves, etc., he settled Savannah Was supposed to be a place where English debaters could make a fresh start Colony set up as a buffer zone between Spanish and English They couldn’t hold to Oglethorpe’s plan and eventually were overrun with non-British and Oglethorpe returned to England Then, large plantations developed, requiring slaves

33. Colonial Export Game - rules

35. Export Game Writing Assignment Write a RASPparagraph for EACH of the following questions: What were the biggest mistakes you made in your investments? Why did you choose to invest in those products in those particular colonies? What lessons did you learn from your ‘bad’ investments? Did your mistakes change the way you invested in the end? What were the best investments that you made? How did you know to invest in those exports? (or were they just a guess?)

36. Colonial Export Game Assessment:answer on a sheet of paper to turn in Which colonies were the most profitable (not just for your team, but overall in the game)? Why do you think those colonies were the most profitable colonies? Which colonies were the least profitable (not just for your team, but in the overall game)? Why do you think those colonies were the least profitable?

37. IOC Votes Today:

38. Southern Colony Border Wars

39. Colonial Trade: the Triangular Trade

40. Middle Passage: the shipping of enslaved Africans from the Indies http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=2E75D11D-BBC0-4698-A5D5-A4D4A01A904F&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US#

41. Differences between Columbian Exchange and Triangular Trade

42. British Life in the Colonies Ideas changed in England – the Glorious Revolution led to the English Bill of Rights in 1689 England saw colonies as an economic resource England placed Navigation Acts- said the colonies could only trade with England So some colonists start to smuggle their products

43. Types of Colonial Government Charter – had a document given by the king they were ordered to follow, but could sometimes elect their own governors/members of the legislature Proprietary- run by individuals given land by Great Britain, free to rule as they wished- and they could choose to appoint a governor Royal – by 1760’s GA, MA, NH, NJ, NY, NC, SC, and VA were all royal colonies Directly ruled by britain and the king appointed a governor and members of legislature – colonists could elect a second legislature, but it wasn’t as powerful as the first

44. Its important to understand: Up to this point, the colonists still considered themselves Englishmen first, then Virginians/New Englanders, etc. They never would have considered themselves American Why? Because England was still defending them and buying their goods and supporting them Against Who you may ask?... The French!! – we have already talked about the long standing rivalry between the French and the English, here it is again…

45. New France unites the Colonies French Louisiana, named for King Louis XIII, French, who started in Canada, would travel down the Mississippi river and claim all the land they found for France, when this happened Spanish moved to the southeast France came to convert the Native Americans to Catholicism, but learned their languages, did not ask them to change their traditions, and grew slowly so they did not kick Indians off their land Attacks from France would unite the colonies

46. French and Indian War…

48. When we First meet our great Hero…French and Indian War Virginia’s Governor sent a young man to go and tell the French that they were in British Territory in Virginia He spent 3 weeks with them and came home and wrote a book – the Journal of Major George Washington, describing his adventures Indians choose the lesser of the two evils, siding with the French Even with Natives, French were outnumbered and not as strong of soldiers War was between the French and Indians on one side and the British on another

49. France and Britain Clash: What we already Know “America was a pawn in a larger chess game” Kenneth C. Davis The British and the French have a long standing Rivilary Little “wars” have been going on in the colonies between the British and the French King Williams War Queen Anne’s War King George’s War France and Britain Clash: New Information

50. The Albany plan of Union Created by Ben Franklin His goal was for the colonies to unite against the French They also wanted the Iroquois Indians to take sides with them as well This plan called for “one general government” for 11 of the colonies. A legislature would be elected to represent them all and have the power to raise taxes and build an army Not one colony approved the plan – they didn’t want to give up their sovereignty

51. In a 5 sentence RASP Paragraph, what message is Franklin trying to convey with this, the first political cartoon?

55. GB declares war on France The Seven Years War is fought in Europe and in the colonies For the first 4 years, GB and colonies lose, but a new British general takes charge and turns things around… Eventually, New France falls in 1759 for a British Victory!

56. The Proclamation of 1763 King George III declares the Application Mountains the end of the colonial territory This ignored some colonists who had settled past this boundary

57. Results of the French & Indian War Great Britain defended the Colonies against the French and the Indians. War ended with the Treaty of Paris. This defense was expensive British also fought in 4 other wars in the colonies King Williams War Queen Anne’s War King George’s War French and Indian War Now, the British feel that the colonies should help them make their money back…they begin to raise TAXES. Washington tried to retire after this war, he didn’t want to be a soldier any more.

58. Why does this matter?? The British wanting to make their money back is what eventually unites the colonies to rise against King George III