The document summarizes the history of conservation planning and green infrastructure in the United States from the 1850s to the present. It discusses key events, people, and ideas that have shaped the field over time, including the establishment of national parks, growth of regional planning, development of new tools and disciplines like GIS and conservation biology, and more recent focus on landscape-scale planning and green infrastructure to guide development.
2. • Demographics
• Before Zoning
• Nuisance Law Suits
• Exclusionary
Deed Restrictions
• 1920s http://www.ourstage.com/blog/2010/1/11/metal-monday-old-dogs-vs-young-guns
• Standard Zoning Enabling Act • Finding a Balance
• Provides a common statutory • Over-regulation
basis for zoning that makes court (HOA cities)
decisions on zoning applicable
• Protect the Health,
nationwide.
Safety, and Welfare
• Standard Planning Act of the public
4. The intrinsic character of
land should guide its use
London 1850-1900
• The idea of a greenbelt is
introduced in England to
prevent one town from growing
into another.
• Henry David Thoreau writes
about the “importance of
preserving some portions of
nature herself unimpaired.”
• Frederick Law Olmstead
develops the concept of linked
systems of parks and parkways.
http://www.ripitupandstartagain.org/pechakucha/pechakucha-13
5. Conserving natural places
for future generations
Yellowstone National Park 1900-1920
• President Theodore
Roosevelt’s love for the great
outdoors sets the stage for
the National Park System.
• Warren Manning uses the
overlay technique to analyze
natural & cultural information
about a site.
http://www.rockymountainmagazine.com
6. Linkage established
between ecology & design
Regional Planning
Commissions in Missouri
1930-1950
• New Deal greenbelt cities.
• Victor Shelford calls for the
preservation of natural areas
and buffer zones.
• Aldo Leopold introduces the
concept of a land ethic.
• Benton MacKaye develops
the discipline of regional
planning.
http://oseda.missouri.edu/modot/rpc/index.shtml
7. • Scientific, definable process
for land-use planning &
suitability analyses
1960s • Protecting core areas of
• Congress passes the wilderness
Wilderness Act. • Rachel Carson publishes
• William H. Whyte coins the Silent Spring, bringing
term “greenway.” attention to man’s impact on
• Ian McHarg argues that nature.
ecology should serve as the • Sciences emerge –
basis for design. Landscape Ecology and
Island Biogeography – to
• Philip Lewis creates a method study the relationships
of landscape analysis that between biological
includes vegetation, scenery, communities and the physical
and environmental corridors. environment.
8. Linkages between natural
areas are needed to protect
biodiversity and ecosystem
processes
1970-1980
• Conservation Biology is
introduced as a discipline.
• GIS is introduced as a tool
for regional planning.
City of Neosho - Ecological
Cartography by Ronda Headland, MDC
Landtype Associations
9. • Landscape scale focus
• Participatory decision-
making
City of Springfield
Stakeholder Input Meeting 1990-present
• Planning efforts to create
statewide greenway systems.
• Interest grows in green
infrastructure as a tool to
guide land conservation &
development.
• President forms a Commission
on Sustainable Development.
Photo by Ronda Headland, MDC
10. or the role urban planning plays in
the conservation of natural resources
12. • Euclidean
• Segregation of land uses
• Performance
• Effects based planning
• Incentive http://www.urbanindy.com/tag/zoning/
• Rewards are given to meet
urban development goals
• Form-based
• Determine patterns &
appearances rather than
land uses
http://www.cooltownstudios.com/2010/11/19/form-based-planning-os-key-to-knowledge-economy
13. Conservation Overlay
District Planned Unit Development
http://www.thedailypleasantville.com/ http://www.buckwaltercommercial.com/buckwalter_pud.aspx
14. • Conservation Subdivision Zoning
• Cluster Zoning
Conventional Rural Residential • Open Space Zoning
5 Acre Minimum • Forestry & Agricultural Zoning
A Model Ordinance for a Conservation Subdivision. Wisconsin’s Assembly Committee on Natural Resources. February 28, 2011.
15. • Clearing &
Grading
• Steep Slopes
• Sediment
Erosion Control
• Rain Water
Management
• Source Water
Protection
Photo by Ronda Headland, MDC
16. • Tree Preservation
• Planting
Requirements
• Habitat
Protection
• Light Pollution
No shade tree? Blame not the sun,
but yourself. – Chinese Proverb
http://mcrol.trianglealumni.org/
19. • Greenbelt
• Urban Services
Boundary
• Nodal
Development
• Wedges &
Corridors
• New Urbanism
• Smart Growth Charlotte-Mecklenburg Planning, Charlotte Department of Transportation. Transit Ready in Charlotte. Presented at the Congress for
New Urbanism. June 2009.
21. • Access Rights
http://www.busybunny.com/catalog/bundle-of-apple-sticks-bb-22.htm
• Mineral Rights
• Timber Rights
• Right to Sell
• Right to Build or
Develop
http://www.kids-birthday-party-favors.com/pixi-stix/
22. Sending Zone Receiving Zone
Photo by Francis Skalicky, MDC http://www.cooltownstudios.com/2010/02/24/denvers-living-city-block-green-model
24. Urban Planners today…
• Embrace the three E’s – Equity, Economy, Environment
• Acknowledge that to design a 21st century city we must
have the “Right Rules in the Right Places”
• Are confident that we have the tools necessary to make
wise land use decisions
• Advocate for the public interest and therefore shall have a
special concern for the long-term consequences of present
actions (AICP code of ethics)
• Recognize that the role of a planner in a community is to
Lead, Inspire, and Innovate
Photo by Francis Skalicky, MDC
