1. NON COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES
Diseases and Disorders
5:3
Mrs. Ngawaka
Health

2. Non Communicable Diseases
Definition: A disease that CANNOT be
transmitted by people, vectors, or contaminated
objects.
Common Causes: CAN be caused by either
Lifestyle, Genetic conditions or hazards in the
Environment
Examples
-Cardiovascular Disease
-Cancer
-Allergies
-Diabetes
-Arthritis

3. Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD)
A
disease that effects the HEART, or
BLOOD VESSELS.
Cardio
Vascular

4. Types of Cardiovascular Disease
1. Hypertension- High Blood Pressure
◦ Blood Pressure is the force pushing against
the walls of the vessels.
◦ Puts added pressure on the heart and vessels
and can cause damage.

5. Blood Pressure
Systolic: Top number: amount of pressure put on
the walls while the heart is beating.
Diastolic: Bottom number: amount of pressure
put on the walls while the heart is relaxed
between beats.

7. Causes of Hypertension (Write 3)

8. Types of Cardiovascular Diseases
2. Atherosclerosis- A disease where you have
plaque build up on artery walls.
3. Arteriosclerosis- A condition where you
arteries become hardened or less elastic.

9. Leads to Problems with the heart
1. Angina Pectoris: Chest pain due to lack
of oxygen to the heart.
-Lasts anywhere from a few seconds
to a few minutes.
2. Arrhythmias: Irregular heartbeats
-Skipping
-Fast/Slow
-Generally common but can cause
problems.

10. Heart Problems
3. Ventricular Fibrillation- A type of
arrhythmia where the electrical impulse
that regulates the heart beat becomes
rapid or irregular.
-Most common cause of cardiac arrest

11. Heart Problems
4. Heart attack: When the heart muscle is
damaged due to lack of oxygen.
Warning
Signs
 Pressure or squeezing in chest
 Pain spreading through arms, neck abdomen or
back
 Chest discomfort with shortness of breath

12. Heart Problems
5. Congestive Heart Failure
 When the heart weakens and can no longer
maintain it’s regular pumping rate of force.
Causes
-Heart attack
-Atherosclerosis
-high blood pressure
-Illegal drugs

13. Problems in the Brain
1. Stroke: When an artery supplying blood
to the brain bursts or is blocked.
◦ Cerebral Hemorrhage: stroke when a brain
blood vessel bursts.

14. Diagnosis
Electrocardiogram
(EKG) produces a
graph of the heart’s electrical activity.

15. Diagnosis
Magnetic
Resonance Imaging (MRI)
◦ Uses powerful magnets to produce images of
the heart.

16. Diagnosis
Angiography
◦ Thin, flexible tube guided through blood
vessels to the heart.
◦ Dye is injected and x rays are taken to look
for obstructions in the heart.

17. Treatments
Coronary
Bypass
◦ Vein taken from other
part of the body to bypass
the blockage.
• Angioplasty
• Tube with balloon inserted to into blocked artery.
Balloon inflated to push against walls. Then deflated
and removed. Metal structure may be placed to
remain.
Angioplasty

18. Treatments
Pacemaker:
◦ Implanted in chest and sends electrical
impulses to the heart to make it beat
regularly.

19. Risk Factors for
Non Communicable Disease
(Things that increase your chances of developing a disease)
1.
Poor Diet
2. Lack of Exercise
3. Stress
4. Tobacco, Drugs, Alcohol
5. Family History
6. Environment

20. How to take your blood pressure
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1. Sit quietly for 3-5 minutes
2. Place the cuff one inch above the bend of the elbow tight
enough only to keep it from falling.
3.Place the disk of the stethoscope facedown under the cuff just to
the inner side of your upper arm.
4. Place stethoscope in your ears.
Place the gauge in the open palm of your cuffed arm so you can
clearly see it.
5. Inflate the pump by squeezing it over and over with your
opposite hand until the pump reads about 145.
Turn the knob on the pump counterclockwise to let air out
SLOWLY while you listen for heart sounds.
7. Remember the reading when you hear the first hearbeat. This is
your systolic pressure.
8. Remember when you no longer hear a heart beat. This is your
diastolic pressure.

21. Don’t do the rest of this power
point

22. Diseases Project www.kidshealth.org
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Hodgkin's Disease
Types of Cancer Teens Get
Cystic Fibrosis
Canker Sores
Type 1 Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes
Allergies
Asthma
Muscular Dystrophy
Osgood-Schlatter Disease
Scoliosis
Epilespsy
Migraine Headaches
Hypertension
Cancer
Basics
Heart Disease
Cerebral Palsy
Breast
Cancer
Alcohol (Alcoholism and health
effects)
Parkinson's Disease
Kids and Eating Disorders
How to Deal with Hemophelia
Smoking Stinks
Eek! It's Eczema
All About Eczema

23. Power Point Requirements
1. Title Page with name
2. 8 Slides of Organized Information
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Slide Title
Main Points/Summary
Examples
Picture if available
3. Bibliography
Creative
Visually
Appealing
Accurate Information

24. Work together!!!!
Directions: In your notes work together to
find the information to the following
questions. Both partnerships need to
write the question and answer in their
own notes.
Time: You have 15 minutes

25. Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Name and define CVD.
What can happen if hypertension continues over a long
period of time?
How is a stroke similar to a heart attack? How is it
different?
How can you reduce your risks for developing a CVD?
Explain how angioplasty works and describe what a stent
is. What specific heart problem does this fix?
What specific heart problem does an pacemaker correct?
Get the book and write down 4 risk factors,4 preventative
measures, and explain why they are important.
What are 3 risk factors that are unavoidable?

26. Answers
1.
Name and define CVD.
-Cardiovascular disease: a disease that affects the heart or blood vessels.
1.
What can happen if hypertension continues over a long
period of time?
-It can damage the heart, blood vessels or other organs and result in a much
more serious condition.
1.
How is a stroke similar to a heart attack? How is it
different?
-Both are caused by vascular problems, but a heart attack involves damage
to the heart and a stroke involves damage to the brain.
1.
How can you reduce your risks for developing a CVD?
-You can reduce your risks by staying fit and eating healthy foods.
1.
Explain how angioplasty works and describe what a stent
is. What specific heart problem does this fix?
-You insert a balloon into a persons vein where there is a blockage. Then
inflate the balloon which enlarges the area. Then deflate and remove
the balloon. Sometimes a metal wire cylinder is left behind which is a
stent. This fixes atherosclerosis in particular.

27. Answers
6. What specific heart problem does an
pacemaker correct and how?
-arrhythmias because it helps to regulate the heart beat
with electrical impulses.
7. Get the book and write down 4 risk
factors,4 preventative measures, and
explain why they are important.
-page 693 in the book.
8. What are 3 risk factors that are
unavoidable?
-Heredity, gender, age