2. ALTNUBISCH
Sprache
von
Texten
aus
dem
mi>leren
Nubien,
vom
8.
bis
zum
15.
Jh.
AD.
Sie
ist
verwandt
mit
den
modernen
nubischen
Idiomen
des
Niltales,
insbesondere
mit
dem
Nobiin
(worunter
die
Idiome
F(y)adičča
und
Mahâsi
zu-‐
sammengefasst
sind):
nördlich
und
südlich
der
ägypUsch-‐sudanesischen
Grenze
gesprochen.
3. N
U
B
I
S
C
H
Hill
Nubian
Kordofan
•
Ghulfân:
16,000
speakers
(1984
R.
C.
Stevenson).
Northern
Sudan,
Kordofan,
in
two
hill
ranges
25
to
30
miles
south
of
Dilling:
Ghulfan
Kurgul
and
Ghulfan
Morung.
•
Kadaru:
12,360
speakers
(2000
“WCD”).
Northern
Sudan,
Kordofan
Province,
Nuba
mountains,
Kadaru
Hills
between
Dilling
and
Delami.
•
Dilling:
5,295
speakers
(1984
R.
C.
Stevenson).
Northern
Sudan,
Southern
Kordofan,
town
of
Dilling
and
surrounding
hills,
including
Kudr.
./.
4. •
Dâir:
1,000
speakers
(1978
“GR”).
Northern
Sudan,
west
and
south
parts
of
Jebel
Dair,
Kordofan.
•
El-‐Hugeirât:
200
speakers
(2000
Brenzinger).
Northern
Sudan,
West
Kordofan
on
El
Hugeirat
Hills.
•
Karko:
12,986
speakers
(1984
R.
C.
Stevenson).
Northern
Sudan,
Kordofan,
in
Karko
Hills
20
miles
west
of
Dilling,
including
Dulman.
May
also
be
spoken
on
Abu
Jinik
to
the
west
(1,000)
and
El
Tabaq
southwest
of
Katla
(800).
•
Wâli:
487
speakers
(1977
Voegelin
and
Voegelin).
Northern
Sudan,
in
the
Wali
Hills,
Kordofan,
south
of
Karko
Hills.
5. Dâr
Fûr
•
Midob:
50,000
speakers
(1993
R.
Werner).
Northern
Sudan,
Dâr
Fûr
Province,
Jebel
Midob,
and
se>led
communiUes
in
Omdurman
and
Gezira
Aba.
The
center
is
Malha.
•
Birgid:
exUnct.
Northern
Sudan,
north
Dâr
Fûr,
north
and
east
of
Daju
and
Baygo,
east
of
Jebel
Marra
between
Jebel
Harayt
and
the
Rizaykat
(Arab)
country.
Also
north
of
Nyala.
A
few
in
north
Kordofan
south
of
El
Obeid.
6. Valley
Nubian
—
the
situaUon
before
the
1960s:
•
Kenzi
or
Kenûzi
(Kunûzi):
From
Aswân
to
Wâdi
el-‐Sebû‘
(North
of
EgypUan
Nubia)
•
Nobiin,
a
new
term
to
comprise
—
Fadicca,
Fiyadikka
in
the
South
of
EgypUan
Nubia
—
Mahâs
(Mahâsi)
in
the
North
of
Sudanese
Nubia,
near
2nd
Cataract
•
Dongolâwi
(in
Arabic
Dunqulâwi),
south
of
Mahâsi,
Dongola
area
8. Klassi&izierung
nach
lexikalischer
Übereinstimmung
bzw.
geographischer
Verteilung
(Ethnolog)
N U B I A N
Northern
Central
Western
Nobiin
†Birgid
Kenûzi-‐Dongolâwi
Hill
Nubian
(Kordofan)
Midob
Kadaru-‐Ghulfan
Unclassified
(Dâr
Fûr)
(Dâr
Fûr)
Old
Nubian
Dongolâwi
Ghulfân
Dilling
Nobiin
Lexical
similarity
67%
Kadaru
Lexical
Lexical
similarity
Lexical
similarity
similarity
94%
with
Nobiin,
56%
Lexical
similarity
60%
with
Lexical
similarity
with
Debri
(sic),
51%
with
Birgid
with
Debri
(=Dilling).
67%
with
Kenûzi-‐ Kadaru;
51%
93%
with
Dilling,
93%
with
Kadaru.
(closest).
Dongolâwi.
with
Midob
Kenûzi
92%
to
87%
with
Dâir
(closest).
Debri,
60%
with
El-‐Hugeirât
Birgid.
Karko
Wâli
9.
10.
11. Nubian
is
part
of
the
Eastern
Sudanic
branch
of
the
Nilo-‐Saharan
Phylum.
M.
Ruhlen,
A
Guide
to
the
World's
Languages:
3
Nilo-‐Saharan
I
Songhai
(Burkina
Faso,
Mali,
Niger)
II
Saharan
Kanuri,
Kanembu;
Tubu
(Niger,
Chad,
Nigeria,
Sudan)
III
Maban
(mainly
Chad)
IV
Fur
(Chad,
Sudan)
V
Eastern
Sudanic
A
Eastern
1
Nubian:
(Sudan,
Egypt)
2
Surmic:
…
Mursi
(Sudan,
Ethiopia)
3
Nara
(formerly
Barya;
Eritrea)
4
Eastern
Jebel:
…
(Sudan)
B
Western
C
NiloUc
1
Western
a.i
Shilluk,
…;
b.i
Nuer;
b.ii
Dinka
2
Eastern
Maasai;
Turkana,
…
3
Southern
Kalenjin,
…
VI
Central
Sudanic
Kresh;
Bongo;
Bagirmi;
Logbara;
Mangbetu
…
(mainly
Dem.
Rep.
Congo,
Central
African
Rep.,
Uganda,
Sudan,
)
VII
Berta
(Ethiopia)
VIII
Kunama
(Eritrea)
IX
Komuz
(Ethiopia,
Sudan)
12. The
geneUc
relaUonship
has
only
limited
pracUcal
bearing.
Nilo-‐Saharan
languages
are
basically
of
the
same
structural
type:
o
basic
word
order
#subject
—
object
—
verb#;
o
geniUval
nouns
preceding,
postposiUons;
o
no
noun
classes
(excepUon:
W.
NiloUc),
but
numerous
case
forms;
etc.
In
the
lexicon,
however,
there
do
not
seem
to
be
great
resemblances.
One
may
compare
the
lower
numbers
in
various
Nubian
idioms
and
in
some
other
NS
languages
at
zompist.com.
Old Nubian+
ouer-
ouo-
tousko-
kemso-
dij-
Mursi
d`ò:nè
ràmàn
thìzzì
uwì
há:nán
Shilluk
ákyèl
áryùu
ádèk
ángwèn
ábîch Westnilot.
Nuer
kel
reu
dyok
nguan
dhyec
Dinka
tok
ru
dyak
'nguan
wdyech
Maasai
obo
aare
okuni
oonguan
imietábîch Ostnilot.
Turkana
a-pey`
nga-arey`
nga-uni`
nga-omwon`
nga-kan:-ka-pey
14. etQtou ouello dpQpou ouella douaQra÷ aQlejandren
√kQgoula÷
ittou
wello
d’ppou
wella
dou’ara
aleksandren
‚ikgoula
itt.u
wel-lo
dipp.u
wel-l+a
du-ar+a
aleksandre.n
‚ik.gu-l+a
woman-ATTR one-THET town-ATTR one-in-ABS
dwell-PAST-ABS
alexandra-GEN
district-in-ABS
A woman lived in a village in the district of Alexandria.
15. Buchstabe
Umschrift
Lautwert
a
a
a
b
b
b
g
g
g
gg
gg
ŋg*)
d
d
d
e
e
e
z
z
z
h
ē
i (!)
y
th
t (!)
i
i
i, j
k
k
k
l
l
l
m
m
m
n
n
n
*) Vgl. z.B. anktQ-, Var. aggit-, Gedächtnis; aggoure-, K angalē Lupine.
18. Vo k a l e
Vorne
Mitte
Hinten
Geschl.
i ( Q, eQ, ei, h, i, u) i ou u
Mittel
ee
o (v) o
Offen
a a
Diphthonge:
ai, ai∏, aei, aeQ, aiei
ai
au, aou, auou
au
eu, euou
eu
eiou, hu, hou, iou
iu
oei, oeQ
oi
ouei
ui
19.
20. Assimilierungen
von
Lauten
Regressive
AssimilaUon:
OpUonelle
AssimilaUon
von
l,
r
und
n
an
ein
folgendes
t,
d,
s,
j,
k,
g,
l,
r,
m,
n
l + t > tt
r +t > tt
l + d > dd
r +d > dd
l + s > ss
r +s > ss
n + s > ss
r +D > DD
n + D > DD
l +k > kk
r +k > kk
n + k > kk
l +g > gg
r +g > gg
l +r > rr
r +l > ll
l +m > mm
r +m > mm
n + m > mm
l +n > nn
r +n > nn
21. Assimilierungen
von
Lauten
Progressive
AssimilaUon:
OpUonelle
AssimilaUon
von
l,
r
und
n
an
ein
vorausgehendes
t,
d,
s,
j,
k,
g,
l,
r,
m,
n
22. Beispiele für Substantive
aggoure- Lupine (K angalē)
aQgopp-, apogg- Matrose (Brow “K.D. kub “ship” [< äg. kbnï, kpnï])
aman- Wasser aman
art- „Insel“arti (=K)
asse- Wasser (esi =K)
damar- Bogen
doutrap- Huhn
enQ-, en- Mutter (K ên)
eQse- Land (country) KD eše
gad- Körper (K jitta; ?cf. gedē, gadē Kugel, Kreis)
ga¶a- Diener [< ßauon?]
gi- Onkel (Mutterbruder) gi [Mass.: nur mit Poss.pron. gebraucht, wie angî]
gnQdatte- Dorn gind(ē); K kinisse
ei- Mann id/idī (=K)
sQige- Zweig [Brow „Cf. perhaps K. assi “buds, green shoots”“; Mass „Enkel, Sohn des
Sohnes; Setzling; bettin assi Palmenschößling“]
sQktQ- Erde (≠ iskit(i) Gast; K esked, isked trockene, lose Erde, Staub)
koumpou- Ei kumpu (K gaskatti)
morina-, ein Weinmaß
23. og- Brust og (=K)
sauaQtan- Mauer (cf. DK sabē, sobē, Nsobē; Coptic sobt< Egyptian sbtï)
sokomp- Krone
sountou¶e- Schreiber
tilattnQ- Busen ? (K tillatti perspiration, ~ N till-, K tilleschwitzen)
toek-, tvek- Macht (Mass.: (R[einisch]) Dorf, Land, Wetter, Nubierland)
nominale Formative:
-an-
denominative Substantive; our-an chief, leader (our- head)
-ante-
abstrakte Substantive, nur in eilante- Fülle; touskante- Beginn
-at(t)-
deverbative Substantive, abstrakt (Verbalnomen) oder konkret; tappatt-
Zerstörung (dapp- zugrunde gehen; cf. taprQ- zerstören); seuatt- Erbe m.
(seu- erben)
-grel-
Verbalagens (<g(a)r-, kausativ); gen-grel-Wohltäter (gen- gut sein
-dat(t)-
id. (von dar- sein); oulgeldat- Hörer (oulg(rQ)- hören)
-der-
Verbalnomen; tok(ei)der- Vergebung (tok(ar)-, touk(rQ)- lassen, vergeben)
-e-
Abstraktum, deverbal u. denominal; ei-eQ- Menschheit; mai∏k-e- Bedrängnis
(mai∏k- gequält werden); kaskase- Baptisterium
-i-
Verbalagens; meudi Bettler (meud- betteln)
-id- Substantiv, deverbal (id. mit -it-?); aQgid- Sitz
-id- Substantiv, deverbal (id. mit -it-?); aQgid- Sitz
27. Plural
3.5.1. "General pl."
a) -gou-: gnQdette-gou-ka "thorns", ourou-gou-ka "of kings"
gnQda/ette- thorn N. gind(ē) gnQdette-gou-ka
ourou- king ourou-gou-na
Der- tribe Der-gou-la in tribes
b) -ri-gou- less often; often with Greek words, but also e.g. moug-ri-gou-ka "dogs" etc.
dogd- magus N. dogor K.D. dogir dogd-ri∏-gou-l
moug- dog N. mug, pl. mugrī
moug-ri-gou-ka *)
i∏oudaioQs- Jew i∏oudaioQs-ri-gou-loDoun because of…
das- fountain, spring (cf. N. dāsilē) das-ri-gou-ka
c) -ni-gou-, still less frequent: saxx-ni-gou-na "of anchorites"; also -n-gou- and -in-gou-
saxx- anchorite saxx-ni-gou-na
ksQse- church ksQse-ni-gou-na
elle- time e´le(=elle) moment elle-n-gou-lv to the times
d) in all 3 cases -gou- may be deleted
*) Übersetzt κύων. Aber N. mogor/-i Ziegenbock!
28. e) Wörter mit spez. P.bildung
Sing.
Plur.
-att-, adj. formant -aQeQ-
-datt-, agent-subst. formant -daei-gou-
-katt-, subst. & adj. fomant -kaei-gou-
*are- wave N. arē/i ar[e]gge-
eil- woman K. ilī eilhu-, eillhou-, hl§i-gou-
tot- child tou$-
Dem- year N. gem, jem K.D. jen Dem.i-li-gou-
Predicative pl.
a) -'a-gou-'e-
b) -re-gou-'e- [re < ri+a]
c) -ne-gou-'e-[ne <ni+a]
d) -gou-'e may be deleted
29. «case inflection»
S u b j e k t i v
a) marks the subject [in main clauses only]
diabolos-lQ, √oei-gou-l einige, dogd-ri∏-gou-l Magier
eis-snQ dogdri∏gou-l ma√al-os-k-loQ tar-a i∏eQrousalmi-oQ ki-sana
?-DEM:THEMEmagician-PL-SUBJsun-go out-ABST(=east)-LOCcome-ABSJer.-LOCcome-
PRET2:3PL:ABS
behold, magi—having come from the east—came to Jerusalem
b) not with proper names and pronouns functioning as subjects
c) subjective case instead of predicative case: 3.6.4d
raf[a]hlnQ keleutlQ an keleutlQ Raphaels Befehl ist mein Befehl IN I 10 C ii 3-4
enQna salsQsnQ enQnasnQ aQlel your word is the truth
35. Konjunktionen
-appa, -abba --- -snQ "denn"
-enkv "aber"
-kon "auch, und"
-(l)de "und, aber", meist gefolgt von Partikeln wie -(l)dekel
-mon "auch, und"
-on "und, aber"
-si, kausale Partikel
-snQ, emphatische und kausale Partikel
-sv, emphatische Partikel
‚Kopulativ‘-Elemente
-ke "ihr" (plur.), im ‚prädikativen Kopulativ‘
-lh "du", im ‚prädikativen Kopulativ‘
-m(a) kopulativ (tikan.egoue ma are you sheep? artos.a jola.m, orp.a jola.ma it is only
bread, it is only wine)
-mh kopulativ (an tot.a-mê eir du bist mein Sohn)
46. Periphrastische Bildungen
Die Hilfsverben verbinden sich
► mit dem Verbid des Hauptverbs:
dollil ein- (wtl. wollend sein)
► mit dem Prädikativ des Hauptverbs:
dollira ein- (wtl. ein Wollender sein?)
► mit dem Indikativ des Hauptverbs:
dollina ein-