24. In summary, Phase Properties Phase Particle Properties Proximity Energy Motion Volume Shape Solid Liquid Gas close little vibrational definite definite close moderate rotational definite indefinite far apart a lot translational indefinite indefinite
25. ONE state of matter they didn’t teach you about in school… Until Now!
35. 5 . Stars Stars make up 99% of the total matter in the Universe. Therefore, 99% of everything that exists in the entire Universe is in the plasma state.
36. The Sun is an example of a star in its plasma state
38. So now we know all about four states of matter: LIQUIDS SOLIDS GASES Higher Temperature Lower Temperature PLASMAS (only for low density ionized gases)
39. But now what happens if you lower the temperature way, way, down to 100 nano degrees above “Absolute Zero” (-273°C) Will everything just be a frozen solid?
40.
41. The 5 th state of matter: Bose-Einstein Condensate Finally, in 1995 (only 16 years ago!), Wolfgang Ketterle and his team of graduate students discovered the 5 th state of matter for the first time. Ketterle and his students
42. In a Bose-Einstein condensate, atoms can no longer bounce around as individuals. Instead they must all act in exactly the same way, and you can no longer tell them apart!
43. Here is a picture a computer took of Bose-Einstein Condensation The big peak happens when all the atoms act exactly the same way! (We can’t see Bose-Einstein condensation with our eyes because the atoms are too small)
48. In 2002, Ketterle and two other scientists received the highest award in science for discovering Bose-Einstein condensate: The Nobel Prize
49. The five states of matter: LIQUIDS SOLIDS GASES Higher Temperature Lower Temperature PLASMAS (only for low density ionized gases) BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE
60. Start from: Change to: Name solid liquid melting liquid solid freezing liquid gas boiling gas liquid condensation solid gas (skipping liquid phase) sublimation