cancer becoming major death reason throughout the world. modern medicne is not upto mark in treating cancer because of drug resistance and many side effects. there is necessary for multi target drug therapy with less side efffects which can be only possible through ayurveda through proper research. we have identified multi target drug therapy either by single plant derivatives or by combination of synergistic plant derivatives to target different pathways of cancer cell progression at a time. tinosporin berberibe , curcumin, ellagic acid , and other derivatives derived from same herbs like essential oil, bhasma of same herb and other derivatives combined together in dose dependent ratio has shown good activity against cancer cell progression and survival

1. Dr.M.Hemanth kumar – M.Sc.Ph.D.MBA
Research Head of Patanjali

4. Some 0.7 million new cases of cancer are reported every year in
India. It is estimated that there are 2.5 million cancer cases at any
point of time and the disease claims around 0.4 million deaths
annually. India represents about 8% of estimated global cancer
deaths and about 6% of all deaths in India.
Data for 10 cities that are part of the population-based cancer
registries maintained by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
show, for instance, Ahmedabad has the highest percentage of
tobacco-related cancer cases and Delhi has the lowest cancer
mortality.
Annually, nearly 500,000 people die of cancer in India. The WHO said
this number is expected to rise to 700,000 by 2015
Cancer incidence and mortality in India

5. With a million new cases being reported every year, cancer seems to be tightening its grip
on India. Experts say the incidence of the killer disease is expected to rise five-fold by
2025

9. Biomarkers in tumor diagnostics
Tumor markers represent a subset of biomarkers that are indicative for
cancerous growth. Most of these marker are being produced by both normal
cells as well as tumor cells. The levels at which they are present in bodily
fluids like urine, saliva or blood are however typically significantly higher in
patients with various malignancies.
There is a plethora of tumor markers being used which can be classified base
on their function, the way they are detected, or the kind of sample in which
they are measured:
Oncofetal antigens
Tumor associated antigens
Hormones and hormone receptors
Enzymes and isoenzymes
Serum and tissue proteins
Cancer stem cells
other tumor markers such genetic markers and biomolecules.

12. How to measure tumor markers
Presently, the majority are proteins or peptides. Consequently, they can
be qualitatively and quantitatively measured using immunological
methods such as ELISA, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence,
flow cytometry, or other methods depending on the nature of the
marker and of the sample.
An increasing number of tumor markers are also based on genetic
variations. Altered expression patterns and mutations in certain
oncogenes do not affect the type of malignancy but are also
determinants for the response to treatment.

13. Ayurvedic concept of cancer Charaka and Sushruta samhitas
inflammatory non-inflammatory
Arbuda (major neoplasm)
Granthi (minor
neoplasm)
benign neoplasm (Vataja,
Pittaja or Kaphaja )
Malignant tumors
(Tridosaja)

15. Fundamental classification Ayurvedic classification of neoplasm
depends on various clinical symptoms in relation to Tridoshas :
Group I: Diseases that can be named as clear malignancy, which includes arbuda and
granthi, e.g. mamsarbuda (melanoma) and raktarbuda (leukemia), mukharbuda (oral
cancer), etc.
Group II: Diseases that can be considered as cancer, such as incurable ulcers with e.g.
tridosaj gulmas (abdominal tumours like carcinomas of the stomach and liver or
lymphomas).
Group III: Diseases with the possibility of malignancy, e.g. Visarpa (erysipelas),
asadhya kamala (incurable jaundice) and nadi vrana (sinusitis)
Sushruta has proposed six stages in the pathogenesis of all diseases but his concept suits
more to the pathology of the tumor than pathogenesis itself. 1. Sanchaya: early stages of
localized neoplastic changes. 2. Prakopa: transformation of primary growths into
metastatic tumours. 3. Prasara: metastasis. 4. Sthana samsraya: complete metastasis and
secondary growth. 5. Vyakti: clinical signs and symptoms are expressed. 6. Bheda: the
stage where differentiation of growth occurs on the basis of histopathology

16. HERBS WITH ANTICANCER ACTIVITY
Ashwagangdha
(Withenia somnifera)
Guduchi
(Tinospora cordifolia)
Haridra
(Curcuma longa)
Tulsi
(Oscimium sanctum)
Pippali
(Piper longum)
Neem
(Azadirachta indica)
Garlic
(Allium sativa)
Yashtimadhu
(Glycyrrhiza glabra)
Shatavari
(Asparagous racemosus)
Shilajit
Daruhaldi
(berberis aristata)

17. HERBS WITH ANTICANCER ACTIVITY
Taxus wallichiana
(Himalayan yew)
Vitis vinifera
(Grape)
Punica granatum
(pomegranate)
Largerstroemia speciosa
(Banaba)
Psidium guavajava
(Guava)
Coleus forskoli
(pakanbhed)
Paris polyphylla
(dhood bach)
Picrorhiza kurroa
(kutki)
Pterocarpus marsupium
(vijaysar)
Silybum marianum
(Milk thistle)

18. Plant source Compound Family
Allamanda cathartica Allamandin Apocynaceae
Ipomoea batatas 4-ipomeanol Convolvulaceae
Penstemon deutus Penstimide Scrophulariaceae
Baccharis megapotamica Baccharin Compositae
Helenium autumnale Helenalin Compositae
Liatris chapmanii Liatrin Compositae
Phyllanthus acuminatus Phyllanthoside Euphorbiaceae
Vernonia hymenolepis Vernolepin Compositae
Phyllanthus acuminatus Gnidin Thymelaeaceae

19. Jatropha gossypiifolia Jatrophone Euphorbiaceae
Taxus brevifolia Taxol Taxaceae
Brucea antidysenterica Bruceantin Simaroubaceae
Simarouba glauca Glaucarubinone Simaroubaceae
Holacantha emoryi Holacanthone Simaroubaceae
Marah oreganus Cucurbitacin Cucurbitaceae
Acernegundo Acer saponin P Aceraceae
Bersama abyssinica Hellebrigenin Melianthaceae
Acnistus arborescens Withaferin A Solanaceae
Combretum caffrum Combretastin A-4 Combretaceae

20. Podophyllum peltatum α-and β-peltatin Berberidaceae
P.hexandrum, P.peltatum Podophyllotoxin Berberidaceae
Steganotaenia araliaaceae Steganacin Umbelliferae
Jacaranda caucana Jacaranone Bignoniaceae
Stereospermum sauveolens Lapachol Bignoniaceae
Crotalaria spectabilis Monocrotaline Leguminosae
Heliotropium indicum Indicine-N-oxide Boraginaceae
Cephaelis acuminata Emetine Rubiaceae
Cyclea peltata Tetrandrine Menispermaceae
Thalictrum dasycarpum Thalicarpine Ranunculaceae

21. Fagara zanthoxyloides Nitidine Rutaceae
F.macrophylla Nitidine Rutaceae
Tylophora crebiflora Tylocrebine Asclepiadaceae
Acronychia baueri Acronycine Rutaceae
Ochrosia elliptica, O.moorei Ellipticine Apocynaceae
O.maculata 9-methoxyellipticine Apocynaceae
Camptotheca acuminata Camptothecin Nyssaceae
Cephalotaxus harringtonia Harringtonine Cephalotaxaceae
C.harringtonia Homoharringtonine Cephalotaxaceae
Catharanthus lanceus, C. Leurosine Apocynaceae

22. Approved anticancer agents
• Nine plant derived compounds have been
approved for use as anticancer drugs ( INDIA)
• Vinblastin
• Vincristine
• Etoposide
• Teriposide
• Taxol
• Navelbine
• Taxotere
• Topotecan
• Irinotecan

23. TRADITIONAL Plants Used For The Treatment Of Cancer 37 PLANTS
Biological source & Family Local
name
Parts used Preparations
Abrus precatorius
Fabaceae
Gunja Roots and
leaves
Leaves decoction, flowers internally and aqueous
extract of roots in treatment of blood cancer
Acacia nilotica
Fabaceae
Bambri,
babul
Stem and root
barks
Stem and root barks decoction and patients are
advised to gargle with this decoction
Adhatoda vasica
Acanthaceae
Arusa Roots, leaves,
flowers and
stem
Juice/extract given internally,
plant is burnt and the patients are advised to inhale
the fume
Aegle marmelos
Rutaceae
Bael Bark and flower The roots, leaves, bark and flowers decoction
Alangium salviifolium
Alangiaceae
Ankol Roots, bark and
fruits
Bark decoction or boil the fresh bark in base oil to
prepare special oil is considered beneficial for the
cancerous wound, fruits for lung cancer

24. Albizia lebbeck
Fabaceae
Sirsa Flower and
bark
Flowers in form of aqueous extract applied
externally and bark in the form of powder given
internally
Anthocephalus cadamba
Rubiaceae
Kadam Fruits and
leaves
Consuming Kadam fruits during growing season,
dried leaves powders internally
Artocarpus heterophyllus
Moraceae
Kathal Seed, bark and
roots
Few pinches of root powder are given internally and
the roots decoction
Astercantha ongifolia
Acanthaceae
Mokhla Root Aqueous extract
Balanites aegyptiaca
Balanitaceae
Hingot Bark and fruits Dried bark powder, fruits pulps for blood cancer
Bambusa sp.
Poaceae
Bans Leaves, bark
and seed
Leaf juice and bark decoction internally, seeds with
Shahad (Honey).
Bauhinia variegata
Fabaceae
Son Patta Flower and
leaves
Flower given with cow milk, leaves decoction
Buchanania lanzan
Anacardiaceae
Char Seed, bark and
root
Roots are used in form of dry powder, in form of
decoction, bark powder with cow milk and honey

25. Butea monosperma
Fabaceae
Parsa Leaves and
fruits
Leaf juices & fruit powder.
Calotropis gigantea
Asclepiadaceae
Fudhar Root and latex Root decoction for lung cancer and roots are
dipped in its latex, burnt and patients are
advice to inhale it
Cannabis sativa
Cannabaceae
Bhang Leaves The leaves are crushed and with the help of
cow milk an aqueous paste is prepared. This
paste is applied externally on the wound
Cassia fistula
Fabaceae
Dhanbaher Leaves and
fruits
Leaf juice in treatment of cancerous wound,
The fruit pulp is boiled in water to prepare
concentrate decoction given internally
Citrus medica
Rutaceae
Bijaura Fruit, seed, bark
and root
Dried fruits powder, root in the form of paste,
bark in the form of decoction
Coriandrum sativum
Apiaceae
Dhania Seed and whole
herbs
Boil the seed powder in water to prepare
concentrate decoction. The patients are
advised to gargle with this decoction, whole
herb juice advised to take it internally
Curcuma sp.
Zingiberaceae
Haldi Rhizome Both internally as well as externally in
treatment of cancer

26. Datura species
Solanaceae
Dhatra Leaf and flower Dhatura leaf juice, opium and sonth
(Dried Ginger) and in form of paste
applied this combination on cancerous
wound
Diospyros elanoxylon
Ebenaceae
Tendu Fruits and bark Bark paste with cow milk
Embelia ribes
Euphorbiaceae
Baibirang Leaves, Roots and
fruits
Leaves are used externally in form of
decoction and paste
Emblica officinalis
Euphorbiaceae
Aonla, amala Leaf, roots and
bark
Leaf juices, root boil in mustard oil for
cancerous wound
Euphorbia neriifolia
Euphorbiaceae
Thura Latex and leaves Fresh latex and leave extract
Ficus benghalensis
Moraceae ,
Bargad Bark, root and
fresh latax
Barks of Bar, Maharukh (Ailanthus
excelsa) and Neem (Azadirachta indica)
and prepare the combination, fresh latex
internally
Ficus glomerata
Moraceae.
Doomar Leaves, bark and
roots
Leaves juice bark juice, dried root powder
given internally

27. Ficus religiosa
Moraceae
Pipal Leaves and
fruits
Leaf extract
Gloriosa superba
Colchicaceae
Kalihari Bulb, leaves
and seeds
Freshly collected bulbs are crushed and added in
mustard seed oil. The combination is boiled and
when all watery contents evaporate the boiling is
stopped and special oil is used after filtration. The
special oil is considered beneficial for the
cancerous wound, The leaves are given internally in
form of juice
Gmelina arborea
Lamiaceae
Khamhar Leaves and
fruits
Leaves juice, dried fruits powder
Hibiscus rosasinensis
Malvaceae
Jason Flowers Dried flower powder
Mangifera indica
Anacardiaceae
Ama Leaves and
inner bark
The leaves of Arusa (Adhatoda vasica), Kukurmutta
(Blumea lacera) and Chirchita (Achyranthes aspera)
are mixed in equal proportion. The Ama leaves are
taken in double amount of this combination and
mixed thoroughly. The combination is burnt and the
patients are advised to inhale the fumes for lung
cancer

28. Melia azedarach
Meliaceae
Bakain Root, bark and
fruits
Dried root powder is given internally,
inner bark and extract the juice given
internally
Moringa oleifera
Moringaceae
Munga Bark, flowers Bark decoction, dried flowers powder
Mucuna pruriens
Fabaceae
Kevatch Root, seed and
whole herbs
Patients having mouth cancer to always
put the freshly collected Kevatch root
inside the mouth, seed powder useful in
treatment of cancer pain
Nerium odorum
Apocynaceae
Kaner Root and flowers Roots decoction is prepared. The
patients are advised to wash the wound
with the help of this decoction
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis
Oleaceae
Harshringar Leaves and bark Dried bark powder given internally, leaves
decoction
Ocimum sanctum
Lamiaceae
Tulsi Seed and leaves Decoction of seed and leaves internally

30. p p
PIK3
AKT
mTOR
Ras
BRAFMEK
ERK 1,2
SOS
CELL SURVIVAL/INHIBITION OF
APOPTOSIS
CELL PROLIFERATION
Cancer cellsurvival and
proliferationpathway
TYROSINE KINASE
SITE ACTIVATION
EGF BINDING TO
EGFR

31. p p
PIK3
AKT
mTOR
Ras
BRAFMEK
ERK 1,2
SOS
CELL Death/ APOPTOSIS
Inhibitory mechanism of Tinosporin isolated from
Tinopsora cardifolia
EGF BINDING TO
EGFR
TYROSINE KINASE
SITE INHIBITION
TUMOR SUPPRESSION

32. Trypan blue assayLive malignant circulating cancer
cells
Before incubation
After 4 hrs of incubation
TINOSPORIN
Overnight incubation
with Tinosporin
“Principle : Live cells reject dye and
dead cells uptake dye “
Trypan blue Assay for anti cancer activity

33. Antibody Immuno assay for inhibition activity
on different marker proteins of cancer cell

34. Dr. M.Hemanth Kumar
Research Head of Patanjali
Patanjali Food and Herbal Park
Haridwar – Uttarakhand -249404
Email : phytochem2@gmail.com
Phone : (+91-8126632797)