7. Korea
62
60
58
US states
25 to 34 year olds
56 Canada/Japan
Massachusetts 54
52
50
Minnesota
New York 48 Ireland
North Dakota/Iowa/Connecticut Norway/New Zealand
New Jersey 46
Maryland United Kingdom/Australia/Denmark
New Hampshire/Nebraska 44 Luxembourg
South Dakota/Illinois/Pennsylvania/Vermont France/Israel
Virginia/Kansas/Rhode Island 42 Belgium/Sweden
Colorado United States
Wisconsin/Washington/Hawaii 40 Netherlands/Switzerland
Finland
Utah 38 Spain
Missouri/Montana/Ohio Estonia
Indiana/CA/DE/NC/MI/ID 36 Iceland
Florida/Oregon/South Carolina/Maine Poland/Chile
Wyoming/Georgia 34
Mississippi/Alabama 32
KY/TN/OK/AZ/AK/TX
New Mexico 30 Slovenia
Nevada Greece
Louisiana/West Virginia 28
Arkansas 26 Germany
Hungary
24
22
8. Income by level of education
Source: US Census, Current Population Survey
90,000
80,000
70,000
60,000
master’s 50,000
bachelor’s 40,000
associate
30,000
high school
Less than 20,000
high school
10,000
0
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
15. To Succeed We Must Serve Our Future
White
American Indian /
Alaska Native
Latino
Asian / Native Hawaiian /
Pacific Islander
African American
0 20 40 60 80 100 Millions
Projected Population Increase, 2010 to 2050
Data for all races exclude Hispanics.
Source: Population Division, Population Projections, U.S. Census Bureau. Released 2008.
16. To Succeed We Must Close Income Gaps
B.A. Rate by Age
24 (2010)
Young People from
Highest Income 79%
Quartile
Young People from
Lowest Income 11%
Quartile
Source: Postsecondary Education Opportunity, “Bachelor’s Degree Attainment by Age 24 by Family Income Quartiles, 1970 to 2008.
17. Yet We Serve Those Least Who Need Us Most
Source: College Board
18. Total Cost of Attendance Covered by
Maximum Pell Grant Award
99%
77%
62%
36% 36%
15%
Public 2-Year Public 4-Year Private 4-Year
1979-80 2006-07
Source: American Council on Education (2007). “ Status Report on the Pell Grant Program, 2007” cited in EdTrust
(2010) Opportunity Adrift.
19. Change in Distribution of State
Grants Based on Need
1997-1998 2007-2008
16.6 %
27.4 %
72.5 %
83.3 %
Need-Based
Non-Need
Based
Source: NASSGAP Report 2007-08: Undergraduate Grant Aid in Constant 2007-08 Dollars:
1997-98 through 2007-08 (in millions of dollars).
20. Flagships give the same amount of aid to high-
income students as they do to low-income
students
Total Institutional Grant Aid
Family Income (2007)
. (2007)
$0 – 30,200 $394.2
$30,201 - 54,000 $388.3
$54,001 - 80,400 $368.4
$80,401 – 115,400 $399.9
$115,400 + $361.4
Source: “Opportunity Adrift,” The Education Trust, 2010.
21. To Succeed Our Cities Must Succeed
2010 U.S.
Population
66% in Top 100
Metros
37.4% in Top 20
Metros
23. To Succeed Cities Must Collaborate
(http://www.ssireview.org/blog/entry/channeling_change_making_collective_impact_work)
24. To Succeed We Need Catalytic Approaches
Scaling Effective Practice
Public Policy Advocacy
Public Will Building
25. So What is a City to Do?
1. Set audacious goals 6. Tackle
2. Focus on results and have academic, financial, and
the difficult conversations social college readiness
3. Forbid blame games and 7. Serve the underserved
excuses 8. Measure learning and
4. Create aligned value chains demand quality
from pre-K to workforce 9. Increase system
5. Target 21st century students productivity
6. Collaborate for collective 10. Align resources and
impact (beyond the usual priorities
suspects)
26. 55
50 College is necessary
45
37 36
31
29
Qualified students have the
opportunity to go to college
2000 2003 2007 2008
Source: Public Agenda and National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education
