Milo Robinson provides USGS Geospatial Liaisons an update on the federal plans for the future of GPS.

1. GPS Constellation, Modernization Plans and Policy(Bonus: DOI GPS Survey) Milo RobinsonDOI Senior Advisor National Coordination OfficePosition Navigation and Timing for USGS Geospatial Liaisons February, 2011

2. GPS enables a diverse array of applications Satellite Operations Power Grids Surveying & Mapping Transit Operations NextGen Precision Agriculture Disease Control TeleComm IntelliDrive Trucking & Shipping Personal Navigation Oil Exploration Fishing & Boating

3. 3 Defense Transportation State Interior NATIONALEXECUTIVE COMMITTEEFOR SPACE-BASED PNT Executive Steering Group Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation ADVISORY BOARD Sponsor: NASA Agriculture Commerce NATIONAL COORDINATION OFFICE Host: Commerce Homeland Security Joint Chiefs of Staff NASA GPS International Working Group Chair: State Engineering Forum Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation National Space-Based PNT Organization WHITE HOUSE Ad HocWorking Groups

4. 4 Key Points GPS performance is better than ever and will continue to improve Augmentations (WAAS, NDGPS, CORS) enable even higher performance New civil GPS signal available now Many additional upgrades scheduled U.S. policy encourages worldwide use of civil GPS and augmentations International cooperation is a priority Compatibility and interoperability are critical

5. Introduction Global Positioning System Modernization Plans U.S. Policy DOI GPS Survey 5 Overview

6. 6 The Global Positioning System Baseline 24+3 satellite constellation in medium earth orbit Global coverage, 24 hours a day, all weather conditions Satellites broadcast precise time and orbit information on L-band radio frequencies Two types of signals: Free or Civil U.S. and Allied military Three segments: Space Ground control User equipment

7. GPS Constellation Status 32 Operational Satellites(Baseline Constellation: 24+3) 11 Block IIA 12 Block IIR 8 Block IIR-M Transmitting new second civil signal 1 GPS IIR-M in on-orbit testing 1 Block IIF In Test and Checkout First of 12 Boeing satellites 3 additional satellites in residual status Global GPS civil service performance commitment met continuously since December 1993 7

8. 8 GPS Operational Control Segment (OCS) Alaska England Schriever AFB Colorado S Korea Vandenberg AFB California USNO Cape Canaveral Hawaii Bahrain Kwajalein Ecuador Tahiti Diego Garcia Ascension S Africa Argentina Australia New Zealand Ground Antenna OCS Monitor Station Master Control Station Monitor Station NGA Monitor Station Alternate Master Control Station Ground Antenna Future Monitor Station Master Control Station (Schriever AFB)

9. Current GPS Accuracy N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 7 Signal-in-Space User Range Error is the difference between a GPS satellite’s navigation data (position and clock) and the truth, projected on the line-of-sight to the user 2001 SPS Performance Standard (RMS over all SPS SIS URE) 6 5 2008 SPS Performance Standard (Worst of any SPS SIS URE) 4 RMS SIS URE (m) RMS Signal-in-Space User Range Error (URE), meters 3 Decreasing range error 2 1.6 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 1 0 9 1990 1992 1994 1996 1997 2001 2004 2006 2009 2008 Selective Availability (SA) System accuracy exceeds published standard

10. Introduction Global Positioning System Modernization Plans U.S. Policy DOI GPS Survey 10 Overview

12. 4th civil signal (L1C)

13. Increased accuracy

14. Increased anti-jam power

15. Assured availability

16. Navigation surety

17. Controlled integrity

18. Increased security

22. Single frequency (L1) Coarse acquisition (C/A) code navigation

23. Military

24. Y-Code (L1Y & L2Y)GPS Modernization Program

25. 12 Second Civil Signal (L2C) Designed to meet commercial needs Higher accuracy via ionospheric correction Expected to generate over $5 billion in user productivity benefits Available since 2005 On 24 satellites by 2016 Benefits existing professional receivers Supports miniaturization, possible indoor use Increases accuracyfor consumers

26. 13 Third Civil Signal (L5) Designed to meet demanding requirements for transport safety Uses highly protected Aeronautical Radionavigation Service (ARNS) band May also enable global, centimeter-level accuracy using new techniques Opportunity for international interoperability Demonstration signal launched in 2008 24 satellites by 2018

27. 14 Fourth Civil Signal (L1C) Designed with international partners for interoperability Modernized civil signal at L1 frequency More robust navigation across a broad range of user applications Improved performance in challenged tracking environments Original signal retained for backward compatibility Launches with GPS III in 2014 On 24 satellites by ~2021 Under trees Inside cities

28. Introduction Global Positioning System Modernization Plans U.S. Policy DOI GPS Survey 15 Overview

30. 2000: U.S. President set Selective Availability to “Zero”

31. 2004: U.S. President issues Space-Based PNT Policy

32. 2007: Selective Availability removed from GPS III satellites

34. 18 For Additional Information… GPS.gov PNT.gov

35. Introduction Global Positioning System Modernization Plans U.S. Policy Bonus: DOI GPS Survey 19 Overview

36. DOI GPS Survey Distributed widely to Department employees During Spring and Summer 2010 Over 1450 responses Including over 450 written comments “GPS is so integrated into what I do that everything is GPS related.” Responses span every bureau and every state Caveat: DOI survey not NCO PNT activity

37. Who Completed the Survey?

40. Major Results Estimate 10,000 DOI GPS users Most are part-time users $100-200 million invested on GPS hardware and software $12-24 million spent annually on maintenance Employees need and want GPS training and education 58 % feel they need GPS Training GPS meets the broad range of positional accuracies required for DOI GPS coordination is valued The largest use of GPS is for the inventory and management of natural resources

41. If there is an outage, A majority of users donothave a back-up plan

42. What did the Comments Say? “I'd like to emphasize the need for GPS coordinators and training,” summarizes the view of many comments. “We would benefit from upgraded technology…,” is another important point made in many comments.

43. Key actions suggested by the survey Increase training and education (a priority) Prepare for the expanded use of GPS and related Global Navigation Satellite Systems Support field users Improve coordination within Bureaus, within DOI and with other Departments Provide Department level coordination, policies, and guidance on the appropriate use of GPS equipment for typical GPS applications

44. Recommendations Strategic Plan for GPS Develop a strategic plan to guide the Department’s GPS activities. The plan, more importantly the planning process, can provide a long term framework and policy support for improving GPS use. Work plan for GPS Near term actions, one-to two-year time frame, are suggested by the GPS survey and should be used to launch efficiencies in GPS operations and eliminate gaps in capabilities. A work plan for training/education is a priority.

45. 29 Contact Information Milo Robinson Senior Advisor U.S. National Coordination Office Space-Based Positioning, Navigation and Timing 1401 Constitution Ave, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20230-0001 (202) 482-0019 (703) 648-5162 Milo.Robinson@pnt.gov mrobinson@usgs.gov