Digital landscapes and Archaeology (Peter Rauxloh)
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The document discusses digital tools and techniques for archaeological data capture, analysis, and dissemination. It covers improving on-site data capture through remote sensing, terrestrial scanning, and hydrological mapping. It also discusses analyzing the data through GIS to study site phasing and stratigraphy, population estimates, and viewshed analysis. The goal is to better understand sacred landscapes and populated areas through digital reconstruction and sharing findings online.
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Digital landscapes and Archaeology (Peter Rauxloh)
- 27. Alignments and outlines $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $
- 28. Alignments and outlines $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $
- 36. GIS for a truncated landscape • 1920’s toilet centre upper in cemetery • Large basement area on east side of site, • Drainage dividing ditch between main body of cemetery and church in period 17 • Civil war ditch leading up to charnel house from south. • Catastrophic burial from later periods
- 37. Quantifying visibility 17 16 15 14
- 39. Truncation and population extrapolation Quantifying visibility 60.0 56.8 54.0 50.0 45.5 40.0 30.0 26.7 20.0 10.0 0.0 14-1100-1200 15 1200-1250 16 1250-1400 17 1400-1538 %of cemetery truncated by area Cemetery Truncated Found Est total Period length Visible area area area Period 14 1100-1200 900 3000 100 4612 2621 1991 Period 15 1200-1250 2839 5600 50 4701 2538 2163 Period 16 1250-1400 5480 7900 150 5687 2587 3100 Period 17 1400-1538 1009 1350 138 2923 780 2143
- 40. Investigating a sacred landscape Spatial targets, what was happening around these target? • Charnel house appears in period 1320s • The Pulpit cross – 1390s • Relationships to the south-east end of church period X • Cannon’s infirmary period X • Cemetery changing boundary
- 41. Famine disease and distance Catasrophic burial points
- 43. Consecrated ground & buffer queries Boundary proximity & burial type breakdown as % 80 70 60 50 Within 3m of boundary 40 Background 30 20 10 0 A B C Boundary proximity & agecode breakdown as % 35 30 25 20 Within 3m of boundary 15 Background 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Boundary proximity & sex breakdown as % 45 40 35 30 25 Within 3m of boundary 20 Background 15 10 5 0 F M N/U
- 44. Age at death period 17 Age at Death P 17
- 45. Buffered subsets
- 46. Buffered subsets 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Pre-natal 7-11 1-5 years 6-11 12-17 18-25 26-35 36-45 46 or months years years years years years more Within 3m of monuments >3m From monuments
- 47. MOLA Products • An articulated version of Rocque 1746 central London map georeferenced to both OSGB36 and WGS84 CS • A point dataset of each combination of Parish, Ward and street/place identifiable on the map. • A replicable methodology Challenges • Accuracy of the map – Stability of Media used – Survey technique used • How to minimise the amount of new data entry • QA of data sets • How to exploit the first accurate mapping of the area
- 48. Principles • Grounding the GIS work in a geographical reality • Exploiting / re‐purposing existing resources • Creating data sets that required editing rather than re‐building to be appropriate to early or later mapping
- 62. Identifying places on the map Main thoroughfare ‐ outsized e.g. Holborn, Cheapside typically 20m width. This code is also to be used for 1 those roads that run around squares and similar entities. 2 Main thoroughfare ‐ standard width (c.15m) 3 Secondary thoroughfare ‐ standard width (c.10m) 4 Tertiary thoroughfare ‐ standard width (c.6m) 5 Alley way ‐ i.e. a narrow route running between two streets or street and place polygon (1‐2m) Cul‐de‐sac plus area ‐ i.e. a dead end but one which opens out into a court. The wider area is captured as a 6 polygon and will be amalgamated with class 6 streets (typically c.2m but up to 10 for a Mews) 7 Cul‐de‐sac ‐ i.e. a simple dead‐end. (c.2m but up to 10 for a Mews)
- 94. Naming places Existing data referenced + cleaned
- 99. Filename Contents Count Type LL_PL Places 5887 Polygons LL_PL_POINTS Places 5887 Points LL_PA Parishes 191 Polygons LL_PA_POINTS Parishes 191 Points LL_WA Wards 99 Polygons LL_WA_POINTS Wards 99 Points LL_PL_PA 7,121 Polygons LL_PL_PA_POINTS Places and Parishes 7,016 Points LL_PL_WA Places and Wards 6,711 Polygons LL_PL_WA_POINTS Places and Wards 6,711 Points LL_PL_PA_WA Places and parishes and wards 7,847 Polygons LL_PL_PA_WA_POINTS Places and parishes and wards 7,847 Points LL_PA_WA Parishes and wards 555 Polygons LL_PA_WA_POINTS Parishes and wards 555 Points LL_STREET_NETWORK Street network Lines
- 100. Ode to a Spell Checker I have a spelling checker I disk covered four my PC. It plane lee marks four my revue Miss steaks aye can knot see. Eye ran this poem threw it. Your sure real glad two no. Its very polished in its weigh, My checker tolled me sew • People are subjective observers • Computers are subjective ‘observers’ • Identifying bias and humanization • To be useful they must be understood
- 101. •Defensive ? • On top of steep slopes • Good views of surrounding land? • Invisible interiors ? Or Constructing a sense of place? Seeing and being seen?