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Waves
 
What are waves? ,[object Object]
Types of Waves ,[object Object],[object Object]
Transverse Waves ,[object Object],Direction of vibrations Direction of wave
Generating Transverse Waves
Transverse Waves ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Longitudinal Waves ,[object Object],examples   include sound waves Direction of vibration Direction of wave
Generating of Longitudinal Waves   [slinky spring]
Characteristics of A Wave ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Crests and Trough ,[object Object],[object Object],trough displacement distance crest crest
Amplitude (A) ,[object Object],displacement distance crest crest trough Amplitude Amplitude
SI Unit For Amplitude ,[object Object],displacement distance crest crest trough Amplitude Amplitud e
Wavelength (  ) ,[object Object],displacement distance Amplitude Amplitude crest crest trough trough Wavelength Wavelength
SI Unit For Wavelength ,[object Object],displacement distance Amplitude Amplitud e cres t crest trough trough Wavelength
Frequency (f) ,[object Object]
SI Unit For Frequency ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Test Yourselves ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Period (T) ,[object Object]
SI Unit For Period ,[object Object]
Relationship between Period (T) and Frequency (f) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Relationship Between  f and T
Speed Of a Wave ,[object Object]
SI Unit For Speed ,[object Object]
Wave Equation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],V =   f
Describing Waves ,[object Object],[object Object],time displacement
GCE O-Level   Past Examination Paper Science (Physics)
Nov 1991 9.  The diagram shows the outline of a water wave. What are the values of the amplitude and the wavelength?  amplitude / cm  wavelength / cm A  0.6  10 B  0.6  20 C  0.6  30 D  1.2  20 B
GCE  O  Nov  1994 11.  Which wave is longitudinal ? A  light B  radio C  sound D  water C
D O’ level Physics Nov 1995 11.  The speed of 100 Hz wave was measured on four different days. The results are shown in the table. On which day the wave have the longest  wavelength ? day  speed of wave A  315 ms -1 B  320 ms -1 C  335 ms -1 D  340 ms -1
GCE  O  Nov  1996 9.  A source vibrates at frequency of 20 Hz and  produces waves of wavelength 0.02 m. At which speed do these waves travel out from the source ? A  0.001 ms -1   B  0.021  ms -1   C  0.40  ms -1   D  20  ms -1   C Hint: v =   f
Nov 1998 9. A VHF radio station broadcasts at a frequency of  60MHz (6.0 x 10 7  Hz). The speed of radio  waves is 3.0 x 10 8 ms -1 . What is the wavelength of the waves broadcast by  the station? A 0.2 m B 0.5 m C 2.0 m D 5.0 m D Hint: v =   f
Nov 1998 5. The diagram shows a coil spring along which a  longitudinal wave is moving. (a)  Mark on the diagram a distance equal to the  wave length of the wave.  [1] (b)  Label on the diagram with the letter C where the coils of the spring are compressed.  [1] Wave length C (continue in next slide) C C
(c)  Is the wave on the spring more like a sound wave  or a light wave?  [1] Nov 1998 (Cont. …)  Q 5 Sound wave, because sound wave is a longitudinal wave but light wave is a transverse wave..
Nov 1997 5.   The diagram below shows a transverse wave travelling a rope. (a)  Mark on the diagram which is equal to  (i)  the wavelength,  (ii)  the amplitude of the wave. Label your answers.  [2]   (b)  If the wavelength is 0.8m and the frequency is 2 Hz, what is the speed at which the wave moves along the rope ?  [2] wavelength amplitude v =   f  = 0.8 x 2  =  1.6 ms -1
Nov 1996 6(a) Explain the difference between a transverse  and a longitudinal wave.  [2] (b) State one example of each type of wave. Transverse Longitudinal  [2] Light Sound Transverse  wave is a wave that its direction of vibration is perpendicular to the direction of propagation. It can travel through vacuum.  Longitudinal  wave is a wave that its direction of vibration is parallel to the direction of propagation. It needs medium to travel.
9.(a) Explain the difference between transverse and  longitudinal waves, referring in your answer to  the direction in which the waves travel.  [2] GCE ‘O’ LEVEL  Nov 1995 Transverse waves are waves that their direction of vibration is perpendicular to their direction of propagation.  Longitudinal  waves are waves that their direction of vibration is parallel to their direction of  propagation.  (continue on next slide)
9.(b)  The speed of sound in water is 1500m/s. What is a  wave length of a sound wave of frequency 250Hz  travelling through water ?  [2] Since  v =   f therefore  1500 =    250    = 1500 / 250 =  6.0 m (Cont. …)  Q. 9  Nov 1995
Nov 1993 6.  The diagram shows the air pressure at different  distances from a loudspeaker. (continue on next slide) (a)  Mark carefully on the diagram:  [2] (i)   a distance which is the wavelength of the  sound wave; (ii)  the amplitude of the sound waves.  wavelength amplitude
6(b)  If the wavelength of a sound wave of frequency  250 Hz is 1.4 m, calculate the speed of the wave. [2] (Cont. …)  Q. 6  Nov 1993 since  v =   f therefore,  =  1.4 x 250 =  350 ms -1
5.(a) With the aid of a diagram, explain what is meant  by the frequency and wavelength of a wave.  [5] GCE O  Nov 1990 (b)  What is a longitudinal wave ?  [2]  Frequency is the number of vibrations per second. Wavelength is the distance from a point on a  wave to its next corresponding point. It usually denote as   .. Longitudinal wave is a wave that its direction of vibration always parallel to the direction of propagation. (continue in next slide)

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Longitudinal and transverse waves

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  • 9. Generating of Longitudinal Waves [slinky spring]
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  • 27. GCE O-Level Past Examination Paper Science (Physics)
  • 28. Nov 1991 9. The diagram shows the outline of a water wave. What are the values of the amplitude and the wavelength? amplitude / cm wavelength / cm A 0.6 10 B 0.6 20 C 0.6 30 D 1.2 20 B
  • 29. GCE O Nov 1994 11. Which wave is longitudinal ? A light B radio C sound D water C
  • 30. D O’ level Physics Nov 1995 11. The speed of 100 Hz wave was measured on four different days. The results are shown in the table. On which day the wave have the longest wavelength ? day speed of wave A 315 ms -1 B 320 ms -1 C 335 ms -1 D 340 ms -1
  • 31. GCE O Nov 1996 9. A source vibrates at frequency of 20 Hz and produces waves of wavelength 0.02 m. At which speed do these waves travel out from the source ? A 0.001 ms -1 B 0.021 ms -1 C 0.40 ms -1 D 20 ms -1 C Hint: v =  f
  • 32. Nov 1998 9. A VHF radio station broadcasts at a frequency of 60MHz (6.0 x 10 7 Hz). The speed of radio waves is 3.0 x 10 8 ms -1 . What is the wavelength of the waves broadcast by the station? A 0.2 m B 0.5 m C 2.0 m D 5.0 m D Hint: v =  f
  • 33. Nov 1998 5. The diagram shows a coil spring along which a longitudinal wave is moving. (a) Mark on the diagram a distance equal to the wave length of the wave. [1] (b) Label on the diagram with the letter C where the coils of the spring are compressed. [1] Wave length C (continue in next slide) C C
  • 34. (c) Is the wave on the spring more like a sound wave or a light wave? [1] Nov 1998 (Cont. …) Q 5 Sound wave, because sound wave is a longitudinal wave but light wave is a transverse wave..
  • 35. Nov 1997 5. The diagram below shows a transverse wave travelling a rope. (a) Mark on the diagram which is equal to (i) the wavelength, (ii) the amplitude of the wave. Label your answers. [2] (b) If the wavelength is 0.8m and the frequency is 2 Hz, what is the speed at which the wave moves along the rope ? [2] wavelength amplitude v =  f = 0.8 x 2 = 1.6 ms -1
  • 36. Nov 1996 6(a) Explain the difference between a transverse and a longitudinal wave. [2] (b) State one example of each type of wave. Transverse Longitudinal [2] Light Sound Transverse wave is a wave that its direction of vibration is perpendicular to the direction of propagation. It can travel through vacuum. Longitudinal wave is a wave that its direction of vibration is parallel to the direction of propagation. It needs medium to travel.
  • 37. 9.(a) Explain the difference between transverse and longitudinal waves, referring in your answer to the direction in which the waves travel. [2] GCE ‘O’ LEVEL Nov 1995 Transverse waves are waves that their direction of vibration is perpendicular to their direction of propagation. Longitudinal waves are waves that their direction of vibration is parallel to their direction of propagation. (continue on next slide)
  • 38. 9.(b) The speed of sound in water is 1500m/s. What is a wave length of a sound wave of frequency 250Hz travelling through water ? [2] Since v =  f therefore 1500 =  250  = 1500 / 250 = 6.0 m (Cont. …) Q. 9 Nov 1995
  • 39. Nov 1993 6. The diagram shows the air pressure at different distances from a loudspeaker. (continue on next slide) (a) Mark carefully on the diagram: [2] (i) a distance which is the wavelength of the sound wave; (ii) the amplitude of the sound waves. wavelength amplitude
  • 40. 6(b) If the wavelength of a sound wave of frequency 250 Hz is 1.4 m, calculate the speed of the wave. [2] (Cont. …) Q. 6 Nov 1993 since v =  f therefore, = 1.4 x 250 = 350 ms -1
  • 41. 5.(a) With the aid of a diagram, explain what is meant by the frequency and wavelength of a wave. [5] GCE O Nov 1990 (b) What is a longitudinal wave ? [2]  Frequency is the number of vibrations per second. Wavelength is the distance from a point on a wave to its next corresponding point. It usually denote as  .. Longitudinal wave is a wave that its direction of vibration always parallel to the direction of propagation. (continue in next slide)