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Agile Analytics Applications
Russell Jurney (@rjurney) - Hadoop Evangelist @Hortonworks

Formerly Viz, Data Science at Ning, LinkedIn

HBase Dashboards, Career Explorer, InMaps




© Hortonworks Inc. 2012
                                                             1
About me... Bearding.

• I’m going to beat this guy


• Seriously


• Bearding is my #1 natural talent


• Salty Sea Beard


• Fortified with Pacific Ocean Minerals
         © Hortonworks Inc. 2012          2
I am Bionic. Electronics keep me alive.




    © Hortonworks Inc. 2012               3
Miss Piggie
                             • Fuzzy
                             • Snuggly
                             • Tubby

                             • Fuzzy Pink Belly
                             • Hungry
                             • Healing Powers
                             • Anti-Parasailing

                             • Anti-Gopher
                             • Pro-Biscuit
   © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                        4
Pacifica: Remember Goonies?

 I Live Here ------>




                        <---------------------------------- Moving on Up




     © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                        5
‘Big Data’ Fiction by Robin Sloan




                              Get it here: http://amzn.to/WSEVbT

    © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                        6
Hadoop Summit Europe
•  March 20-21, 2013 at Beurs van Berlage, Amsterdam
•  Co-hosted by Hortonworks & Yahoo!
•  Theme: Enabling the Next Generation Enterprise Data Platform
•  Dozens of Sessions and 4 Tracks:
   – Applied Hadoop
   – Operating Hadoop
   – Hadoop Futures
   – Integrating Hadoop
•  Community Focused Event
   – Sessions selected by a Conference Committee
   – Community Choice allowed public to vote for sessions they want to see
•  Training classes offered pre event
   – To be announced…
•  Don’t miss the biggest Hadoop event of the year

                                     hadoopsummit.org
       Architecting the Future of Big Data                               Page 1
          © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                                 7
Agile Data - The Book (March, 2013)

                              Read it now on OFPS



                                 A philosophy,
                                 not the only way



                             But still, its good! Really!
   © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                             8
We go fast... but don’t worry!
• Examples for EVERYTHING on the Hortonworks blog:
  http://hortonworks.com/blog/authors/russell_jurney

• Download the slides - click the links - read examples!

• If its not on the blog, its in the book!

• Order now: http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920025054.do

• Read the book NOW on OFPS:
• http://ofps.oreilly.com/titles/9781449326265/chapter_2.html


        © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                 9
Agile Application Development: Check
• LAMP stack mature
• Post-Rails frameworks to choose from
• Enable rapid feedback and agility




                                   + NoSQL



      © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                10
Data Warehousing




   © Hortonworks Inc. 2012   11
Scientific Computing / HPC
  • ‘Smart kid’ only: MPI, Globus, etc. until Hadoop




Tubes and Mercury (old school)      Cores and Spindles (new school)

         UNIVAC and Deep Blue both fill a warehouse. We’re back...
          © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                     12
Data Science?

 Application
                                                           Data Warehousing
Development

                                33%               33%




                                         33%


                               Scientific Computing / HPC
     © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                                  13
Data Center as Computer
    • Warehouse Scale Computers and applications




“A key challenge for architects of WSCs is to smooth out these discrepancies in a cost efficient manner.”
Click here for a paper on operating a ‘data center as computer.’

              © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                                                 14
Hadoop to the Rescue!
             Big data refinery / Modernize ETL
         Audio,                              Web, Mobile, CRM,
         Video,                                   ERP, SCM, …
        Images
                       New Data                                    Business
                                                                 Transactions
         Docs,         Sources
         Text,                                                   & Interactions
         XML

                                              HDFS
         Web
         Logs,
         Clicks
                              Big Data
        Social,               Refinery                            SQL   NoSQL     NewSQL
        Graph,
        Feeds
                                                                                           ETL
                                                                  EDW    MPP      NewSQL
       Sensors,
       Devices,
        RFID

                                                                    Business
        Spatial,
         GPS                 Apache Hadoop
                                                                   Intelligence
                                                                   & Analytics
        Events,
         Other                                Dashboards, Reports,
                                                   Visualization, …

                                                                                            Page 7



   © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                                                           15
Hadoop to the Rescue!
• Easy to use! (Pig, Hive, Cascading)
• CHEAP: 1% the cost of SAN/NAS
• A department can afford its own Hadoop cluster!

• Dump all your data in one place: Hadoop DFS
• Silos come CRASHING DOWN!
• JOIN like crazy!
• ETL like whoah!

• An army of mappers and reducers at your command
• OMGWTFBBQ ITS SO GREAT! I FEEL AWESOME!
      © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                       16
NOW WHAT?




  © Hortonworks Inc. 2012
                            ?
                                17
Analytics Apps: It takes a Team
• Broad skill-set
• Nobody has them all
• Inherently collaborative




      © Hortonworks Inc. 2012     18
Data Science Team
• 3-4 team members with broad, diverse skill-sets that overlap

• Transactional overhead dominates at 5+ people

• Expert researchers: lend 25-50% of their time to teams

• Creative workers. Run like a studio, not an assembly line

• Total freedom... with goals and deliverables.

• Work environment matters most

        © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                  19
How to get insight into product?
• Back-end has gotten t-h-i-c-k-e-r


• Generating $$$ insight can take 10-100x app dev


• Timeline disjoint: analytics vs agile app-dev/design


• How do you ship insights efficiently?


• How do you collaborate on research vs developer timeline?
        © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                               20
The Wrong Way - Part One




“We made a great design. Your job is to predict the future for it.”




        © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                 21
The Wrong Way - Part Two




“Whats taking you so long to reliably predict the future?”




     © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                 22
The Wrong Way - Part Three




  “The users don’t understand what 86% true means.”




    © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                           23
The Wrong Way - Part Four




 GHJIAEHGIEhjagigehganbanbigaebjnain!!!!!RJ(@J?!!




   © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                          24
The Wrong Way - Inevitable Conclusion




                              Plane   Mountain


    © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                      25
Reminds me of... the waterfall model




    © Hortonworks Inc. 2012
                              :(       26
Chief Problem


You can’t design insight in analytics applications.


                               You discover it.


                      You discover by exploring.


     © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                       27
-> Strategy


   So make an app for exploring your data.


  Iterate and publish intermediate results.


 Which becomes a palette for what you ship.


    © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                   28
Data Design

• Not the 1st query that = insight, its the 15th, or the 150th
• Capturing “Ah ha!” moments
• Slow to do those in batch...

• Faster, better context in an interactive web application.
• Pre-designed charts wind up terrible. So bad.
• Easy to invest man-years in the wrong statistical models
• Semantics of presenting predictions are complex, delicate

• Opportunity lies at intersection of data & design


      © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                    29
How do we get back to Agile?




   © Hortonworks Inc. 2012     30
Statement of Principles




                              (then tricks, with code)




    © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                              31
Setup an environment where...

• Insights repeatedly produced
• Iterative work shared with entire team
• Interactive from day 0

• Data model is consistent end-to-end
• Minimal impedance between layers
• Scope and depth of insights grow
• Insights form the palette for what you ship

• Until the application pays for itself and more

      © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                      32
Value document > relation




Most data is dirty. Most data is semi-structured or un-structured. Rejoice!
        © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                         33
Value document > relation




Note: Hive/ArrayQL/NewSQL’s support of documents/array types blur this distinction.
         © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                                34
Relational Data = Legacy Format
• Why JOIN? Storage is fundamentally cheap!

• Duplicate that JOIN data in one big record type!

• ETL once to document format on import, NOT every job

• Not zero JOINs, but far fewer JOINs

• Semi-structured documents preserve data’s actual structure

• Column compressed document formats beat JOINs! (paper
  coming)
         © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                           35
Value imperative > declarative
• We don’t know what we want to SELECT.
• Data is dirty - check each step, clean iteratively.
• 85% of data scientist’s time spent munging. See: ETL.

• Imperative is optimized for our process.
• Process = iterative, snowballing insight
• Efficiency matters, self optimize




      © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                             36
Value dataflow > SELECT




   © Hortonworks Inc. 2012   37
Ex. dataflow: ETL + email sent count




     © Hortonworks Inc. 2012   (I can’t read this either. Get a big version here.)   38
Value Pig > Hive (for app-dev)
• Pigs eat ANYTHING
• Pig is optimized for refining data, as opposed to consuming it
• Pig is imperative, iterative
• Pig is dataflows, and SQLish (but not SQL)
• Code modularization/re-use: Pig Macros
• ILLUSTRATE speeds dev time (even UDFs)
• Easy UDFs in Java, JRuby, Jython, Javascript
• Pig Streaming = use any tool, period.
• Easily prepare our data as it will appear in our app.
• If you prefer Hive, use Hive.
But actually, I wish Pig and Hive were one tool. Pig, then Hive, then Pig, then Hive...
                 See: HCatalog for Pig/Hive integration, and this post.

        © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                                       39
Localhost vs Petabyte scale: same tools
• Simplicity essential to scalability: highest level tools we can
• Prepare a good sample - tricky with joins, easy with
  documents
• Local mode: pig -l /tmp -x local -v -w
• Frequent use of ILLUSTRATE
• 1st: Iterate, debug & publish locally
• 2nd: Run on cluster, publish to team/customer
• Consider skipping Object-Relational-Mapping (ORM)
• We do not trust ‘databases,’ only HDFS @ n=3.
• Everything we serve in our app is re-creatable via Hadoop.

      © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                   40
Data-Value Pyramid




                Climb it. Do not skip steps. See here.

   © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                               41
0/1) Display atomic records on the web




    © Hortonworks Inc. 2012              42
0.0) Document-serialize events
• Protobuf
• Thrift
• JSON

• Avro - I use Avro because the schema is onboard.




       © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                       43
0.1) Documents via Relation ETL
enron_messages = load '/enron/enron_messages.tsv' as (
     message_id:chararray,
     sql_date:chararray,
     from_address:chararray,
     from_name:chararray,
     subject:chararray,
     body:chararray
);
 
enron_recipients = load '/enron/enron_recipients.tsv' as ( message_id:chararray, reciptype:chararray, address:chararray, name:chararray);
 
split enron_recipients into tos IF reciptype=='to', ccs IF reciptype=='cc', bccs IF reciptype=='bcc';
 
headers = cogroup tos by message_id, ccs by message_id, bccs by message_id parallel 10;
with_headers = join headers by group, enron_messages by message_id parallel 10;
emails = foreach with_headers generate enron_messages::message_id as message_id,
                                      CustomFormatToISO(enron_messages::sql_date, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss') as date,
                                      TOTUPLE(enron_messages::from_address, enron_messages::from_name) as from:tuple(address:chararray, name:chararray),
                                      enron_messages::subject as subject,
                                      enron_messages::body as body,
                                      headers::tos.(address, name) as tos,
                                      headers::ccs.(address, name) as ccs,
                                      headers::bccs.(address, name) as bccs;


store emails into '/enron/emails.avro' using AvroStorage(


                                                                                                                    Example here.
                      © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                                                                                  44
0.2) Serialize events from streams
class GmailSlurper(object):
  ...
  def init_imap(self, username, password):
    self.username = username
    self.password = password
    try:
      imap.shutdown()
    except:
      pass
    self.imap = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL('imap.gmail.com', 993)
    self.imap.login(username, password)
    self.imap.is_readonly = True
  ...
  def write(self, record):
    self.avro_writer.append(record)
  ...
  def slurp(self):
    if(self.imap and self.imap_folder):
      for email_id in self.id_list:
        (status, email_hash, charset) = self.fetch_email(email_id)
        if(status == 'OK' and charset and 'thread_id' in email_hash and 'froms' in email_hash):
          print email_id, charset, email_hash['thread_id']
          self.write(email_hash)




               © Hortonworks Inc. 2012   Scrape your own gmail in Python and Ruby.                45
0.3) ETL Logs



log_data = LOAD 'access_log'
  USING org.apache.pig.piggybank.storage.apachelog.CommongLogLoader
  AS (remoteAddr,
    remoteLogname,
    user,
    time,
    method,
    uri,
    proto,
    bytes);




      © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                         46
1) Plumb atomic events -> browser




      (Example stack that enables high productivity)

   © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                             47
Lots of Stack Options with Examples
• Pig with Voldemort, Ruby, Sinatra: example
• Pig with ElasticSearch: example
• Pig with MongoDB, Node.js: example

• Pig with Cassandra, Python Streaming, Flask: example
• Pig with HBase, JRuby, Sinatra: example
• Pig with Hive via HCatalog: example (trivial on HDP)
• Up next: Accumulo, Redis, MySQL, etc.




      © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                            48
1.1) cat our Avro serialized events

me$ cat_avro ~/Data/enron.avro
{
    u'bccs': [],
    u'body': u'scamming people, blah blah',
    u'ccs': [],
    u'date': u'2000-08-28T01:50:00.000Z',
    u'from': {u'address': u'bob.dobbs@enron.com', u'name': None},
    u'message_id': u'<1731.10095812390082.JavaMail.evans@thyme>',
    u'subject': u'Re: Enron trade for frop futures',
    u'tos': [
      {u'address': u'connie@enron.com', u'name': None}
    ]
}



        © Hortonworks Inc. 2012   Get cat_avro in python, ruby   49
1.2) Load our events in Pig

me$ pig -l /tmp -x local -v -w
grunt> enron_emails = LOAD '/enron/emails.avro' USING AvroStorage();
grunt> describe enron_emails

emails: {
  message_id: chararray,
  datetime: chararray,
  from:tuple(address:chararray,name:chararray)
  subject: chararray,
  body: chararray,
  tos: {to: (address: chararray,name: chararray)},
  ccs: {cc: (address: chararray,name: chararray)},
  bccs: {bcc: (address: chararray,name: chararray)}
}

 



       © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                    50
1.3) ILLUSTRATE our events in Pig
grunt> illustrate enron_emails
 



---------------------------------------------------------------------------
| emails |
| message_id:chararray |
| datetime:chararray |
| from:tuple(address:chararray,name:chararray) |
| subject:chararray |
| body:chararray |
| tos:bag{to:tuple(address:chararray,name:chararray)} |
| ccs:bag{cc:tuple(address:chararray,name:chararray)} |
| bccs:bag{bcc:tuple(address:chararray,name:chararray)} |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
|        |
| <1731.10095812390082.JavaMail.evans@thyme> |
| 2001-01-09T06:38:00.000Z |
| (bob.dobbs@enron.com, J.R. Bob Dobbs) |
| Re: Enron trade for frop futures |
| scamming people, blah blah |
| {(connie@enron.com,)} |
| {} |
| {} |
                                                   Upgrade to Pig 0.10+
         © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                              51
1.4) Publish our events to a ‘database’
From Avro to MongoDB in one command:
pig -l /tmp -x local -v -w -param avros=enron.avro 
   -param mongourl='mongodb://localhost/enron.emails' avro_to_mongo.pig


Which does this:
/* MongoDB libraries and configuration */
register /me/mongo-hadoop/mongo-2.7.3.jar
register /me/mongo-hadoop/core/target/mongo-hadoop-core-1.1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
register /me/mongo-hadoop/pig/target/mongo-hadoop-pig-1.1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar

/* Set speculative execution off to avoid chance of duplicate records in Mongo */
set mapred.map.tasks.speculative.execution false
set mapred.reduce.tasks.speculative.execution false
define MongoStorage com.mongodb.hadoop.pig.MongoStorage(); /* Shortcut */

/* By default, lets have 5 reducers */
set default_parallel 5

avros = load '$avros' using AvroStorage();
store avros into '$mongourl' using MongoStorage();


          © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                Full instructions here.     52
1.5) Check events in our ‘database’
$ mongo enron

MongoDB shell version: 2.0.2
connecting to: enron

> show collections
emails
system.indexes

> db.emails.findOne({message_id: "<1731.10095812390082.JavaMail.evans@thyme>"})
{
"   "_id" : ObjectId("502b4ae703643a6a49c8d180"),
"   "message_id" : "<1731.10095812390082.JavaMail.evans@thyme>",
"   "date" : "2001-01-09T06:38:00.000Z",
"   "from" : { "address" : "bob.dobbs@enron.com", "name" : "J.R. Bob Dobbs" },
"   "subject" : Re: Enron trade for frop futures,
"   "body" : "Scamming more people...",
"   "tos" : [ { "address" : "connie@enron", "name" : null } ],
"   "ccs" : [ ],
"   "bccs" : [ ]
}




          © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                             53
1.6) Publish events on the web

require    'rubygems'
require    'sinatra'
require    'mongo'
require    'json'

connection = Mongo::Connection.new
database = connection['agile_data']
collection = database['emails']

get '/email/:message_id' do |message_id|
  data = collection.find_one({:message_id => message_id})
  JSON.generate(data)
end




          © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                     54
1.6) Publish events on the web




    © Hortonworks Inc. 2012      55
Whats the point?
• A designer can work against real data.
• An application developer can work against real data.
• A product manager can think in terms of real data.

• Entire team is grounded in reality!
• You’ll see how ugly your data really is.
• You’ll see how much work you have yet to do.
• Ship early and often!

• Feels agile, don’t it? Keep it up!


      © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                            56
1.7) Wrap events with Bootstrap
<link href="/static/bootstrap/docs/assets/css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container" style="margin-top: 100px;">
  <table class="table table-striped table-bordered table-condensed">
    <thead>
    {% for key in data['keys'] %}
         <th>{{ key }}</th>
    {% endfor %}
    </thead>
    <tbody>
         <tr>
         {% for value in data['values'] %}
           <td>{{ value }}</td>
         {% endfor %}
         </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>
</div>
</body>                              Complete example here with code here.
           © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                               57
1.7) Wrap events with Bootstrap




    © Hortonworks Inc. 2012       58
Refine. Add links between documents.




                         Not the Mona Lisa, but coming along... See: here
   © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                                  59
1.8) List links to sorted events
Use Pig, serve/cache a bag/array of email documents:
pig -l /tmp -x local -v -w


emails_per_user = foreach (group emails by from.address) {
      sorted = order emails by date;
      last_1000 = limit sorted 1000;
      generate group as from_address, emails as emails;
      };


store emails_per_user into '$mongourl' using MongoStorage();

Use your ‘database’, if it can sort.
mongo enron
> db.emails.ensureIndex({message_id: 1})
> db.emails.find().sort({date:0}).limit(10).pretty()
  {
           {
           " "_id" : ObjectId("4f7a5da2414e4dd0645d1176"),
           " "message_id" : "<CA+bvURyn-rLcH_JXeuzhyq8T9RNq+YJ_Hkvhnrpk8zfYshL-wA@mail.gmail.com>",
           " "from" : [
  ...

               © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                                        60
1.8) List links to sorted documents




    © Hortonworks Inc. 2012           61
1.9) Make it searchable...
If you have list, search is easy with ElasticSearch and Wonderdog...

/* Load ElasticSearch integration */
register '/me/wonderdog/target/wonderdog-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar';
register '/me/elasticsearch-0.18.6/lib/*';
define ElasticSearch com.infochimps.elasticsearch.pig.ElasticSearchStorage();


emails = load '/me/tmp/emails' using AvroStorage();
store emails into 'es://email/email?json=false&size=1000' using ElasticSearch('/me/
elasticsearch-0.18.6/config/elasticsearch.yml', '/me/elasticsearch-0.18.6/plugins');




Test it with curl:
 curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/email/email/_search?q=hadoop&pretty=true&size=1'



ElasticSearch has no security features. Take note. Isolate.

          © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                                     62
From now on we speed up...




         Don’t worry, its in the book and on the blog.

                             http://hortonworks.com/blog/




   © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                  63
2) Create Simple Charts




   © Hortonworks Inc. 2012   64
2) Create Simple Tables and Charts




   © Hortonworks Inc. 2012           65
2) Create Simple Charts
• Start with an HTML table on general principle.
• Then use nvd3.js - reusable charts for d3.js
• Aggregate by properties & displaying is first step in entity
 resolution
• Start extracting entities. Ex: people, places, topics, time series
• Group documents by entities, rank and count.

• Publish top N, time series, etc.
• Fill a page with charts.
• Add a chart to your event page.
        © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                  66
2.1) Top N (of anything) in Pig


pig -l /tmp -x local -v -w

top_things = foreach (group things by key) {
  sorted = order things by arbitrary_rank desc;
  top_10_things = limit sorted 10;
  generate group as key, top_10_things as top_10_things;
  };
store top_n into '$mongourl' using MongoStorage();


Remember, this is the same structure the browser gets as json.

                       This would make a good Pig Macro.

       © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                             67
2.2) Time Series (of anything) in Pig
pig -l /tmp -x local -v -w

/* Group by our key and date rounded to the month, get a total */
things_by_month = foreach (group things by (key, ISOToMonth(datetime))
   generate flatten(group) as (key, month),
            COUNT_STAR(things) as total;

/* Sort our totals per key by month to get a time series */
things_timeseries = foreach (group things_by_month by key) {
   timeseries = order things by month;
   generate group as key, timeseries as timeseries;
   };

store things_timeseries into '$mongourl' using MongoStorage();



                                  Yet another good Pig Macro.


        © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                    68
Data processing in our stack

A new feature in our application might begin at any layer... great!




                                                                        omghi2u!
           I’m creative!                         I’m creative too!   where r my legs?
            I know Pig!                          I <3 Javascript!
                                                                        send halp




    Any team member can add new features, no problemo!
        © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                            69
Data processing in our stack

... but we shift the data-processing towards batch, as we are able.




                                                       See real example here.
                               Ex: Overall total emails calculated in each layer
         © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                             70
3) Exploring with Reports




    © Hortonworks Inc. 2012   71
3) Exploring with Reports




    © Hortonworks Inc. 2012   72
3.0) From charts to reports...

• Extract entities from properties we aggregated by in charts (Step 2)

• Each entity gets its own type of web page

• Each unique entity gets its own web page
• Link to entities as they appear in atomic event documents (Step 1)

• Link most related entities together, same and between types.

• More visualizations!

• Parametize results via forms.




          © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                  73
3.1) Looks like this...




    © Hortonworks Inc. 2012   74
3.2) Cultivate common keyspaces




   © Hortonworks Inc. 2012        75
3.3) Get people clicking. Learn.
• Explore this web of generated pages, charts and links!
• Everyone on the team gets to know your data.
• Keep trying out different charts, metrics, entities, links.

• See whats interesting.
• Figure out what data needs cleaning and clean it.
• Start thinking about predictions & recommendations.



    ‘People’ could be just your team, if data is sensitive.

      © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                   76
4) Predictions and Recommendations




   © Hortonworks Inc. 2012           77
4.0) Preparation
• We’ve already extracted entities, their properties and relationships

• Our charts show where our signal is rich

• We’ve cleaned our data to make it presentable
• The entire team has an intuitive understanding of the data

• They got that understanding by exploring the data

• We are all on the same page!




         © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                   78
4.2) Think in different perspectives
• Networks


• Time Series / Distributions


• Natural Language Processing


• Conditional Probabilities / Bayesian Inference


• Check out Chapter 2 of the book...
      © Hortonworks Inc. 2012    See here.         79
4.3) Networks




   © Hortonworks Inc. 2012   80
4.3.1) Weighted Email Networks in Pig

DEFINE header_pairs(email, col1, col2) RETURNS pairs {
 filtered = FILTER $email BY ($col1 IS NOT NULL) AND ($col2 IS NOT NULL);
    flat = FOREACH filtered GENERATE FLATTEN($col1) AS $col1, FLATTEN($col2) AS $col2;
    $pairs = FOREACH flat GENERATE LOWER($col1) AS ego1, LOWER($col2) AS ego2;
}


/* Get email address pairs for each type of connection, and union them together */
emails = LOAD '/me/Data/enron.avro' USING AvroStorage();
from_to = header_pairs(emails, from, to);
from_cc = header_pairs(emails, from, cc);
from_bcc = header_pairs(emails, from, bcc);
pairs = UNION from_to, from_cc, from_bcc;


/* Get a count of emails over these edges. */
pair_groups = GROUP pairs BY (ego1, ego2);
sent_counts = FOREACH pair_groups GENERATE FLATTEN(group) AS (ego1, ego2), COUNT_STAR(pairs) AS total;




                   © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                                               81
4.3.2) Networks Viz with Gephi




    © Hortonworks Inc. 2012      82
4.3.3) Gephi = Easy




   © Hortonworks Inc. 2012   83
4.3.4) Social Network Analysis




    © Hortonworks Inc. 2012      84
4.4) Time Series & Distributions


pig -l /tmp -x local -v -w


/* Count things per day */
things_per_day = foreach (group things by (key, ISOToDay(datetime))
   generate flatten(group) as (key, day),
                    COUNT_STAR(things) as total;


/* Sort our totals per key by day to get a sorted time series */
things_timeseries = foreach (group things_by_day by key) {
   timeseries = order things by day;
   generate group as key, timeseries as timeseries;
   };


store things_timeseries into '$mongourl' using MongoStorage();




          © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                     85
4.4.1) Smooth Sparse Data




   © Hortonworks Inc. 2012   See here.   86
4.4.2) Regress to find Trends
JRuby Linear Regression UDF       Pig to use the UDF




                                  Trend Line in your Application




        © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                    87
4.5.1) Natural Language Processing



 import 'tfidf.macro';
 my_tf_idf_scores = tf_idf(id_body, 'message_id', 'body');


 /* Get the top 10 Tf*Idf scores per message */
 per_message_cassandra = foreach (group tfidf_all by message_id) {
   sorted = order tfidf_all by value desc;
   top_10_topics = limit sorted 10;
   generate group, top_10_topics.(score, value);
 }




       © Hortonworks Inc. 2012   Example with code here and macro here.   88
4.5.2) NLP: Extract Topics!




    © Hortonworks Inc. 2012   89
4.5.3) NLP for All: Extract Topics!


• TF-IDF in Pig - 2 lines of code with Pig Macros:
• http://hortonworks.com/blog/pig-macro-for-tf-idf-makes-
  topic-summarization-2-lines-of-pig/



• LDA with Pig and the Lucene Tokenizer:
• http://thedatachef.blogspot.be/2012/03/topic-discovery-
  with-apache-pig-and.html




      © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                               90
4.6) Probability & Bayesian Inference




     © Hortonworks Inc. 2012            91
4.6.1) Gmail Suggested Recipients




   © Hortonworks Inc. 2012          92
4.6.1) Reproducing it with Pig...




     © Hortonworks Inc. 2012        93
4.6.2) Step 1: COUNT(From -> To)




   © Hortonworks Inc. 2012         94
4.6.2) Step 2: COUNT(From, To, Cc)/Total




 P(cc | to) = Probability of cc’ing someone, given that you’ve to’d someone




         © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                         95
4.6.3) Wait - Stop Here! It works!




                               They match...

    © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                96
4.4) Add predictions to reports




    © Hortonworks Inc. 2012       97
5) Enable new actions




   © Hortonworks Inc. 2012   98
Why doesn’t Kate reply to my emails?
• What time is best to catch her?

• Are they too long?

• Are they meant to be replied to (contain original content)?

• Are they nice? (sentiment analysis)

• Do I reply to her emails (reciprocity)?

• Do I cc the wrong people (my mom) ?


         © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                99
Example: LinkedIn InMaps

   Shared at http://inmaps.linkedinlabs.com/share/Russell_Jurney/316288748096695765986412570341480077402




           <------ personalization drives engagement

    © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                                                        100
Example: Packetpig and PacketLoop
snort_alerts = LOAD '$pcap'
  USING com.packetloop.packetpig.loaders.pcap.detection.SnortLoader('$snortconfig');

countries = FOREACH snort_alerts
  GENERATE
    com.packetloop.packetpig.udf.geoip.Country(src) as country,
    priority;

countries = GROUP countries BY country;

countries = FOREACH countries
  GENERATE
    group,
    AVG(countries.priority) as average_severity;

STORE countries into 'output/choropleth_countries' using PigStorage(',');




                                                                     Code here.
           © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                            101
Example: Packetpig and PacketLoop




   © Hortonworks Inc. 2012          102
Hortonworks Data Platform
                                                     • Simplify deployment to get
                                                       started quickly and easily

                                                     • Monitor, manage any size
                                                       cluster with familiar console
                                                       and tools

                                                     • Only platform to include data
                                1                      integration services to
                                                       interact with any data

                                                     • Metadata services opens the
                                                       platform for integration with
                                                       existing applications

                                                     • Dependable high availability
                                                       architecture
 Reduce risks and cost of adoption
                                                     • Tested at scale to future proof
 Lower the total cost to administer and provision     your cluster growth
 Integrate with your existing ecosystem


      © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                                    103
Hadoop Summit Europe
•  March 20-21, 2013 at Beurs van Berlage, Amsterdam
•  Co-hosted by Hortonworks & Yahoo!
•  Theme: Enabling the Next Generation Enterprise Data Platform
•  Dozens of Sessions and 4 Tracks:
   – Applied Hadoop
   – Operating Hadoop
   – Hadoop Futures
   – Integrating Hadoop
•  Community Focused Event
   – Sessions selected by a Conference Committee
   – Community Choice allowed public to vote for sessions they want to see
•  Training classes offered pre event
   – To be announced…
•  Don’t miss the biggest Hadoop event of the year

                                     hadoopsummit.org
       Architecting the Future of Big Data                               Page 1
          © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                                 104
Hortonworks Training
                            The expert source for
                            Apache Hadoop training & certification

Role-based Developer and Administration training
  –   Coursework built and maintained by the core Apache Hadoop development team.
  –   The “right” course, with the most extensive and realistic hands-on materials
  –   Provide an immersive experience into real-world Hadoop scenarios
  –   Public and Private courses available



Comprehensive Apache Hadoop Certification
  – Become a trusted and valuable
    Apache Hadoop expert




        © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                                      105
Next Steps?

1                                 Download Hortonworks Data Platform
                                  hortonworks.com/download




2   Use the getting started guide
    hortonworks.com/get-started




3   Learn more… get support

                                                             Hortonworks Support
       • Expert role based training                          • Full lifecycle technical support
       • Course for admins, developers                         across four service levels
         and operators                                       • Delivered by Apache Hadoop
       • Certification program                                 Experts/Committers
       • Custom onsite options                               • Forward-compatible

        hortonworks.com/training                             hortonworks.com/support


        © Hortonworks Inc. 2012                                                                   106
Thank You!
Questions & Answers

Slides: http://slidesha.re/T943VU

Follow: @hortonworks and @rjurney
Read: hortonworks.com/blog




     © Hortonworks Inc. 2012        107

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UK - Agile Data Applications on Hadoop

  • 1. Agile Analytics Applications Russell Jurney (@rjurney) - Hadoop Evangelist @Hortonworks Formerly Viz, Data Science at Ning, LinkedIn HBase Dashboards, Career Explorer, InMaps © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 1
  • 2. About me... Bearding. • I’m going to beat this guy • Seriously • Bearding is my #1 natural talent • Salty Sea Beard • Fortified with Pacific Ocean Minerals © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 2
  • 3. I am Bionic. Electronics keep me alive. © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 3
  • 4. Miss Piggie • Fuzzy • Snuggly • Tubby • Fuzzy Pink Belly • Hungry • Healing Powers • Anti-Parasailing • Anti-Gopher • Pro-Biscuit © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 4
  • 5. Pacifica: Remember Goonies? I Live Here ------> <---------------------------------- Moving on Up © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 5
  • 6. ‘Big Data’ Fiction by Robin Sloan Get it here: http://amzn.to/WSEVbT © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 6
  • 7. Hadoop Summit Europe •  March 20-21, 2013 at Beurs van Berlage, Amsterdam •  Co-hosted by Hortonworks & Yahoo! •  Theme: Enabling the Next Generation Enterprise Data Platform •  Dozens of Sessions and 4 Tracks: – Applied Hadoop – Operating Hadoop – Hadoop Futures – Integrating Hadoop •  Community Focused Event – Sessions selected by a Conference Committee – Community Choice allowed public to vote for sessions they want to see •  Training classes offered pre event – To be announced… •  Don’t miss the biggest Hadoop event of the year hadoopsummit.org Architecting the Future of Big Data Page 1 © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 7
  • 8. Agile Data - The Book (March, 2013) Read it now on OFPS A philosophy, not the only way But still, its good! Really! © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 8
  • 9. We go fast... but don’t worry! • Examples for EVERYTHING on the Hortonworks blog: http://hortonworks.com/blog/authors/russell_jurney • Download the slides - click the links - read examples! • If its not on the blog, its in the book! • Order now: http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920025054.do • Read the book NOW on OFPS: • http://ofps.oreilly.com/titles/9781449326265/chapter_2.html © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 9
  • 10. Agile Application Development: Check • LAMP stack mature • Post-Rails frameworks to choose from • Enable rapid feedback and agility + NoSQL © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 10
  • 11. Data Warehousing © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 11
  • 12. Scientific Computing / HPC • ‘Smart kid’ only: MPI, Globus, etc. until Hadoop Tubes and Mercury (old school) Cores and Spindles (new school) UNIVAC and Deep Blue both fill a warehouse. We’re back... © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 12
  • 13. Data Science? Application Data Warehousing Development 33% 33% 33% Scientific Computing / HPC © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 13
  • 14. Data Center as Computer • Warehouse Scale Computers and applications “A key challenge for architects of WSCs is to smooth out these discrepancies in a cost efficient manner.” Click here for a paper on operating a ‘data center as computer.’ © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 14
  • 15. Hadoop to the Rescue! Big data refinery / Modernize ETL Audio, Web, Mobile, CRM, Video, ERP, SCM, … Images New Data Business Transactions Docs, Sources Text, & Interactions XML HDFS Web Logs, Clicks Big Data Social, Refinery SQL NoSQL NewSQL Graph, Feeds ETL EDW MPP NewSQL Sensors, Devices, RFID Business Spatial, GPS Apache Hadoop Intelligence & Analytics Events, Other Dashboards, Reports, Visualization, … Page 7 © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 15
  • 16. Hadoop to the Rescue! • Easy to use! (Pig, Hive, Cascading) • CHEAP: 1% the cost of SAN/NAS • A department can afford its own Hadoop cluster! • Dump all your data in one place: Hadoop DFS • Silos come CRASHING DOWN! • JOIN like crazy! • ETL like whoah! • An army of mappers and reducers at your command • OMGWTFBBQ ITS SO GREAT! I FEEL AWESOME! © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 16
  • 17. NOW WHAT? © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 ? 17
  • 18. Analytics Apps: It takes a Team • Broad skill-set • Nobody has them all • Inherently collaborative © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 18
  • 19. Data Science Team • 3-4 team members with broad, diverse skill-sets that overlap • Transactional overhead dominates at 5+ people • Expert researchers: lend 25-50% of their time to teams • Creative workers. Run like a studio, not an assembly line • Total freedom... with goals and deliverables. • Work environment matters most © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 19
  • 20. How to get insight into product? • Back-end has gotten t-h-i-c-k-e-r • Generating $$$ insight can take 10-100x app dev • Timeline disjoint: analytics vs agile app-dev/design • How do you ship insights efficiently? • How do you collaborate on research vs developer timeline? © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 20
  • 21. The Wrong Way - Part One “We made a great design. Your job is to predict the future for it.” © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 21
  • 22. The Wrong Way - Part Two “Whats taking you so long to reliably predict the future?” © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 22
  • 23. The Wrong Way - Part Three “The users don’t understand what 86% true means.” © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 23
  • 24. The Wrong Way - Part Four GHJIAEHGIEhjagigehganbanbigaebjnain!!!!!RJ(@J?!! © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 24
  • 25. The Wrong Way - Inevitable Conclusion Plane Mountain © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 25
  • 26. Reminds me of... the waterfall model © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 :( 26
  • 27. Chief Problem You can’t design insight in analytics applications. You discover it. You discover by exploring. © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 27
  • 28. -> Strategy So make an app for exploring your data. Iterate and publish intermediate results. Which becomes a palette for what you ship. © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 28
  • 29. Data Design • Not the 1st query that = insight, its the 15th, or the 150th • Capturing “Ah ha!” moments • Slow to do those in batch... • Faster, better context in an interactive web application. • Pre-designed charts wind up terrible. So bad. • Easy to invest man-years in the wrong statistical models • Semantics of presenting predictions are complex, delicate • Opportunity lies at intersection of data & design © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 29
  • 30. How do we get back to Agile? © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 30
  • 31. Statement of Principles (then tricks, with code) © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 31
  • 32. Setup an environment where... • Insights repeatedly produced • Iterative work shared with entire team • Interactive from day 0 • Data model is consistent end-to-end • Minimal impedance between layers • Scope and depth of insights grow • Insights form the palette for what you ship • Until the application pays for itself and more © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 32
  • 33. Value document > relation Most data is dirty. Most data is semi-structured or un-structured. Rejoice! © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 33
  • 34. Value document > relation Note: Hive/ArrayQL/NewSQL’s support of documents/array types blur this distinction. © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 34
  • 35. Relational Data = Legacy Format • Why JOIN? Storage is fundamentally cheap! • Duplicate that JOIN data in one big record type! • ETL once to document format on import, NOT every job • Not zero JOINs, but far fewer JOINs • Semi-structured documents preserve data’s actual structure • Column compressed document formats beat JOINs! (paper coming) © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 35
  • 36. Value imperative > declarative • We don’t know what we want to SELECT. • Data is dirty - check each step, clean iteratively. • 85% of data scientist’s time spent munging. See: ETL. • Imperative is optimized for our process. • Process = iterative, snowballing insight • Efficiency matters, self optimize © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 36
  • 37. Value dataflow > SELECT © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 37
  • 38. Ex. dataflow: ETL + email sent count © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 (I can’t read this either. Get a big version here.) 38
  • 39. Value Pig > Hive (for app-dev) • Pigs eat ANYTHING • Pig is optimized for refining data, as opposed to consuming it • Pig is imperative, iterative • Pig is dataflows, and SQLish (but not SQL) • Code modularization/re-use: Pig Macros • ILLUSTRATE speeds dev time (even UDFs) • Easy UDFs in Java, JRuby, Jython, Javascript • Pig Streaming = use any tool, period. • Easily prepare our data as it will appear in our app. • If you prefer Hive, use Hive. But actually, I wish Pig and Hive were one tool. Pig, then Hive, then Pig, then Hive... See: HCatalog for Pig/Hive integration, and this post. © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 39
  • 40. Localhost vs Petabyte scale: same tools • Simplicity essential to scalability: highest level tools we can • Prepare a good sample - tricky with joins, easy with documents • Local mode: pig -l /tmp -x local -v -w • Frequent use of ILLUSTRATE • 1st: Iterate, debug & publish locally • 2nd: Run on cluster, publish to team/customer • Consider skipping Object-Relational-Mapping (ORM) • We do not trust ‘databases,’ only HDFS @ n=3. • Everything we serve in our app is re-creatable via Hadoop. © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 40
  • 41. Data-Value Pyramid Climb it. Do not skip steps. See here. © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 41
  • 42. 0/1) Display atomic records on the web © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 42
  • 43. 0.0) Document-serialize events • Protobuf • Thrift • JSON • Avro - I use Avro because the schema is onboard. © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 43
  • 44. 0.1) Documents via Relation ETL enron_messages = load '/enron/enron_messages.tsv' as ( message_id:chararray, sql_date:chararray, from_address:chararray, from_name:chararray, subject:chararray, body:chararray );   enron_recipients = load '/enron/enron_recipients.tsv' as ( message_id:chararray, reciptype:chararray, address:chararray, name:chararray);   split enron_recipients into tos IF reciptype=='to', ccs IF reciptype=='cc', bccs IF reciptype=='bcc';   headers = cogroup tos by message_id, ccs by message_id, bccs by message_id parallel 10; with_headers = join headers by group, enron_messages by message_id parallel 10; emails = foreach with_headers generate enron_messages::message_id as message_id, CustomFormatToISO(enron_messages::sql_date, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss') as date, TOTUPLE(enron_messages::from_address, enron_messages::from_name) as from:tuple(address:chararray, name:chararray), enron_messages::subject as subject, enron_messages::body as body, headers::tos.(address, name) as tos, headers::ccs.(address, name) as ccs, headers::bccs.(address, name) as bccs; store emails into '/enron/emails.avro' using AvroStorage( Example here. © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 44
  • 45. 0.2) Serialize events from streams class GmailSlurper(object): ...   def init_imap(self, username, password):     self.username = username     self.password = password     try:       imap.shutdown()     except:       pass     self.imap = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL('imap.gmail.com', 993)     self.imap.login(username, password)     self.imap.is_readonly = True ...   def write(self, record):     self.avro_writer.append(record) ...   def slurp(self):     if(self.imap and self.imap_folder):       for email_id in self.id_list:         (status, email_hash, charset) = self.fetch_email(email_id)         if(status == 'OK' and charset and 'thread_id' in email_hash and 'froms' in email_hash):           print email_id, charset, email_hash['thread_id']           self.write(email_hash) © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 Scrape your own gmail in Python and Ruby. 45
  • 46. 0.3) ETL Logs log_data = LOAD 'access_log' USING org.apache.pig.piggybank.storage.apachelog.CommongLogLoader AS (remoteAddr, remoteLogname, user, time, method, uri, proto, bytes); © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 46
  • 47. 1) Plumb atomic events -> browser (Example stack that enables high productivity) © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 47
  • 48. Lots of Stack Options with Examples • Pig with Voldemort, Ruby, Sinatra: example • Pig with ElasticSearch: example • Pig with MongoDB, Node.js: example • Pig with Cassandra, Python Streaming, Flask: example • Pig with HBase, JRuby, Sinatra: example • Pig with Hive via HCatalog: example (trivial on HDP) • Up next: Accumulo, Redis, MySQL, etc. © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 48
  • 49. 1.1) cat our Avro serialized events me$ cat_avro ~/Data/enron.avro { u'bccs': [], u'body': u'scamming people, blah blah', u'ccs': [], u'date': u'2000-08-28T01:50:00.000Z', u'from': {u'address': u'bob.dobbs@enron.com', u'name': None}, u'message_id': u'<1731.10095812390082.JavaMail.evans@thyme>', u'subject': u'Re: Enron trade for frop futures', u'tos': [ {u'address': u'connie@enron.com', u'name': None} ] } © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 Get cat_avro in python, ruby 49
  • 50. 1.2) Load our events in Pig me$ pig -l /tmp -x local -v -w grunt> enron_emails = LOAD '/enron/emails.avro' USING AvroStorage(); grunt> describe enron_emails emails: { message_id: chararray, datetime: chararray, from:tuple(address:chararray,name:chararray) subject: chararray, body: chararray, tos: {to: (address: chararray,name: chararray)}, ccs: {cc: (address: chararray,name: chararray)}, bccs: {bcc: (address: chararray,name: chararray)} }   © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 50
  • 51. 1.3) ILLUSTRATE our events in Pig grunt> illustrate enron_emails   --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | emails | | message_id:chararray | | datetime:chararray | | from:tuple(address:chararray,name:chararray) | | subject:chararray | | body:chararray | | tos:bag{to:tuple(address:chararray,name:chararray)} | | ccs:bag{cc:tuple(address:chararray,name:chararray)} | | bccs:bag{bcc:tuple(address:chararray,name:chararray)} | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | <1731.10095812390082.JavaMail.evans@thyme> | | 2001-01-09T06:38:00.000Z | | (bob.dobbs@enron.com, J.R. Bob Dobbs) | | Re: Enron trade for frop futures | | scamming people, blah blah | | {(connie@enron.com,)} | | {} | | {} | Upgrade to Pig 0.10+ © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 51
  • 52. 1.4) Publish our events to a ‘database’ From Avro to MongoDB in one command: pig -l /tmp -x local -v -w -param avros=enron.avro -param mongourl='mongodb://localhost/enron.emails' avro_to_mongo.pig Which does this: /* MongoDB libraries and configuration */ register /me/mongo-hadoop/mongo-2.7.3.jar register /me/mongo-hadoop/core/target/mongo-hadoop-core-1.1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar register /me/mongo-hadoop/pig/target/mongo-hadoop-pig-1.1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar /* Set speculative execution off to avoid chance of duplicate records in Mongo */ set mapred.map.tasks.speculative.execution false set mapred.reduce.tasks.speculative.execution false define MongoStorage com.mongodb.hadoop.pig.MongoStorage(); /* Shortcut */ /* By default, lets have 5 reducers */ set default_parallel 5 avros = load '$avros' using AvroStorage(); store avros into '$mongourl' using MongoStorage(); © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 Full instructions here. 52
  • 53. 1.5) Check events in our ‘database’ $ mongo enron MongoDB shell version: 2.0.2 connecting to: enron > show collections emails system.indexes > db.emails.findOne({message_id: "<1731.10095812390082.JavaMail.evans@thyme>"}) { " "_id" : ObjectId("502b4ae703643a6a49c8d180"), " "message_id" : "<1731.10095812390082.JavaMail.evans@thyme>", " "date" : "2001-01-09T06:38:00.000Z", " "from" : { "address" : "bob.dobbs@enron.com", "name" : "J.R. Bob Dobbs" }, " "subject" : Re: Enron trade for frop futures, " "body" : "Scamming more people...", " "tos" : [ { "address" : "connie@enron", "name" : null } ], " "ccs" : [ ], " "bccs" : [ ] } © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 53
  • 54. 1.6) Publish events on the web require 'rubygems' require 'sinatra' require 'mongo' require 'json' connection = Mongo::Connection.new database = connection['agile_data'] collection = database['emails'] get '/email/:message_id' do |message_id| data = collection.find_one({:message_id => message_id}) JSON.generate(data) end © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 54
  • 55. 1.6) Publish events on the web © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 55
  • 56. Whats the point? • A designer can work against real data. • An application developer can work against real data. • A product manager can think in terms of real data. • Entire team is grounded in reality! • You’ll see how ugly your data really is. • You’ll see how much work you have yet to do. • Ship early and often! • Feels agile, don’t it? Keep it up! © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 56
  • 57. 1.7) Wrap events with Bootstrap <link href="/static/bootstrap/docs/assets/css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <div class="container" style="margin-top: 100px;"> <table class="table table-striped table-bordered table-condensed"> <thead> {% for key in data['keys'] %} <th>{{ key }}</th> {% endfor %} </thead> <tbody> <tr> {% for value in data['values'] %} <td>{{ value }}</td> {% endfor %} </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </body> Complete example here with code here. © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 57
  • 58. 1.7) Wrap events with Bootstrap © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 58
  • 59. Refine. Add links between documents. Not the Mona Lisa, but coming along... See: here © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 59
  • 60. 1.8) List links to sorted events Use Pig, serve/cache a bag/array of email documents: pig -l /tmp -x local -v -w emails_per_user = foreach (group emails by from.address) { sorted = order emails by date; last_1000 = limit sorted 1000; generate group as from_address, emails as emails; }; store emails_per_user into '$mongourl' using MongoStorage(); Use your ‘database’, if it can sort. mongo enron > db.emails.ensureIndex({message_id: 1}) > db.emails.find().sort({date:0}).limit(10).pretty() { { " "_id" : ObjectId("4f7a5da2414e4dd0645d1176"), " "message_id" : "<CA+bvURyn-rLcH_JXeuzhyq8T9RNq+YJ_Hkvhnrpk8zfYshL-wA@mail.gmail.com>", " "from" : [ ... © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 60
  • 61. 1.8) List links to sorted documents © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 61
  • 62. 1.9) Make it searchable... If you have list, search is easy with ElasticSearch and Wonderdog... /* Load ElasticSearch integration */ register '/me/wonderdog/target/wonderdog-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar'; register '/me/elasticsearch-0.18.6/lib/*'; define ElasticSearch com.infochimps.elasticsearch.pig.ElasticSearchStorage(); emails = load '/me/tmp/emails' using AvroStorage(); store emails into 'es://email/email?json=false&size=1000' using ElasticSearch('/me/ elasticsearch-0.18.6/config/elasticsearch.yml', '/me/elasticsearch-0.18.6/plugins'); Test it with curl: curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/email/email/_search?q=hadoop&pretty=true&size=1' ElasticSearch has no security features. Take note. Isolate. © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 62
  • 63. From now on we speed up... Don’t worry, its in the book and on the blog. http://hortonworks.com/blog/ © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 63
  • 64. 2) Create Simple Charts © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 64
  • 65. 2) Create Simple Tables and Charts © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 65
  • 66. 2) Create Simple Charts • Start with an HTML table on general principle. • Then use nvd3.js - reusable charts for d3.js • Aggregate by properties & displaying is first step in entity resolution • Start extracting entities. Ex: people, places, topics, time series • Group documents by entities, rank and count. • Publish top N, time series, etc. • Fill a page with charts. • Add a chart to your event page. © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 66
  • 67. 2.1) Top N (of anything) in Pig pig -l /tmp -x local -v -w top_things = foreach (group things by key) { sorted = order things by arbitrary_rank desc; top_10_things = limit sorted 10; generate group as key, top_10_things as top_10_things; }; store top_n into '$mongourl' using MongoStorage(); Remember, this is the same structure the browser gets as json. This would make a good Pig Macro. © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 67
  • 68. 2.2) Time Series (of anything) in Pig pig -l /tmp -x local -v -w /* Group by our key and date rounded to the month, get a total */ things_by_month = foreach (group things by (key, ISOToMonth(datetime)) generate flatten(group) as (key, month), COUNT_STAR(things) as total; /* Sort our totals per key by month to get a time series */ things_timeseries = foreach (group things_by_month by key) { timeseries = order things by month; generate group as key, timeseries as timeseries; }; store things_timeseries into '$mongourl' using MongoStorage(); Yet another good Pig Macro. © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 68
  • 69. Data processing in our stack A new feature in our application might begin at any layer... great! omghi2u! I’m creative! I’m creative too! where r my legs? I know Pig! I <3 Javascript! send halp Any team member can add new features, no problemo! © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 69
  • 70. Data processing in our stack ... but we shift the data-processing towards batch, as we are able. See real example here. Ex: Overall total emails calculated in each layer © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 70
  • 71. 3) Exploring with Reports © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 71
  • 72. 3) Exploring with Reports © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 72
  • 73. 3.0) From charts to reports... • Extract entities from properties we aggregated by in charts (Step 2) • Each entity gets its own type of web page • Each unique entity gets its own web page • Link to entities as they appear in atomic event documents (Step 1) • Link most related entities together, same and between types. • More visualizations! • Parametize results via forms. © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 73
  • 74. 3.1) Looks like this... © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 74
  • 75. 3.2) Cultivate common keyspaces © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 75
  • 76. 3.3) Get people clicking. Learn. • Explore this web of generated pages, charts and links! • Everyone on the team gets to know your data. • Keep trying out different charts, metrics, entities, links. • See whats interesting. • Figure out what data needs cleaning and clean it. • Start thinking about predictions & recommendations. ‘People’ could be just your team, if data is sensitive. © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 76
  • 77. 4) Predictions and Recommendations © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 77
  • 78. 4.0) Preparation • We’ve already extracted entities, their properties and relationships • Our charts show where our signal is rich • We’ve cleaned our data to make it presentable • The entire team has an intuitive understanding of the data • They got that understanding by exploring the data • We are all on the same page! © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 78
  • 79. 4.2) Think in different perspectives • Networks • Time Series / Distributions • Natural Language Processing • Conditional Probabilities / Bayesian Inference • Check out Chapter 2 of the book... © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 See here. 79
  • 80. 4.3) Networks © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 80
  • 81. 4.3.1) Weighted Email Networks in Pig DEFINE header_pairs(email, col1, col2) RETURNS pairs { filtered = FILTER $email BY ($col1 IS NOT NULL) AND ($col2 IS NOT NULL); flat = FOREACH filtered GENERATE FLATTEN($col1) AS $col1, FLATTEN($col2) AS $col2; $pairs = FOREACH flat GENERATE LOWER($col1) AS ego1, LOWER($col2) AS ego2; } /* Get email address pairs for each type of connection, and union them together */ emails = LOAD '/me/Data/enron.avro' USING AvroStorage(); from_to = header_pairs(emails, from, to); from_cc = header_pairs(emails, from, cc); from_bcc = header_pairs(emails, from, bcc); pairs = UNION from_to, from_cc, from_bcc; /* Get a count of emails over these edges. */ pair_groups = GROUP pairs BY (ego1, ego2); sent_counts = FOREACH pair_groups GENERATE FLATTEN(group) AS (ego1, ego2), COUNT_STAR(pairs) AS total; © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 81
  • 82. 4.3.2) Networks Viz with Gephi © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 82
  • 83. 4.3.3) Gephi = Easy © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 83
  • 84. 4.3.4) Social Network Analysis © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 84
  • 85. 4.4) Time Series & Distributions pig -l /tmp -x local -v -w /* Count things per day */ things_per_day = foreach (group things by (key, ISOToDay(datetime)) generate flatten(group) as (key, day), COUNT_STAR(things) as total; /* Sort our totals per key by day to get a sorted time series */ things_timeseries = foreach (group things_by_day by key) { timeseries = order things by day; generate group as key, timeseries as timeseries; }; store things_timeseries into '$mongourl' using MongoStorage(); © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 85
  • 86. 4.4.1) Smooth Sparse Data © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 See here. 86
  • 87. 4.4.2) Regress to find Trends JRuby Linear Regression UDF Pig to use the UDF Trend Line in your Application © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 87
  • 88. 4.5.1) Natural Language Processing import 'tfidf.macro'; my_tf_idf_scores = tf_idf(id_body, 'message_id', 'body'); /* Get the top 10 Tf*Idf scores per message */ per_message_cassandra = foreach (group tfidf_all by message_id) { sorted = order tfidf_all by value desc; top_10_topics = limit sorted 10; generate group, top_10_topics.(score, value); } © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 Example with code here and macro here. 88
  • 89. 4.5.2) NLP: Extract Topics! © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 89
  • 90. 4.5.3) NLP for All: Extract Topics! • TF-IDF in Pig - 2 lines of code with Pig Macros: • http://hortonworks.com/blog/pig-macro-for-tf-idf-makes- topic-summarization-2-lines-of-pig/ • LDA with Pig and the Lucene Tokenizer: • http://thedatachef.blogspot.be/2012/03/topic-discovery- with-apache-pig-and.html © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 90
  • 91. 4.6) Probability & Bayesian Inference © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 91
  • 92. 4.6.1) Gmail Suggested Recipients © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 92
  • 93. 4.6.1) Reproducing it with Pig... © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 93
  • 94. 4.6.2) Step 1: COUNT(From -> To) © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 94
  • 95. 4.6.2) Step 2: COUNT(From, To, Cc)/Total P(cc | to) = Probability of cc’ing someone, given that you’ve to’d someone © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 95
  • 96. 4.6.3) Wait - Stop Here! It works! They match... © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 96
  • 97. 4.4) Add predictions to reports © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 97
  • 98. 5) Enable new actions © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 98
  • 99. Why doesn’t Kate reply to my emails? • What time is best to catch her? • Are they too long? • Are they meant to be replied to (contain original content)? • Are they nice? (sentiment analysis) • Do I reply to her emails (reciprocity)? • Do I cc the wrong people (my mom) ? © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 99
  • 100. Example: LinkedIn InMaps Shared at http://inmaps.linkedinlabs.com/share/Russell_Jurney/316288748096695765986412570341480077402 <------ personalization drives engagement © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 100
  • 101. Example: Packetpig and PacketLoop snort_alerts = LOAD '$pcap'   USING com.packetloop.packetpig.loaders.pcap.detection.SnortLoader('$snortconfig'); countries = FOREACH snort_alerts   GENERATE     com.packetloop.packetpig.udf.geoip.Country(src) as country,     priority; countries = GROUP countries BY country; countries = FOREACH countries   GENERATE     group,     AVG(countries.priority) as average_severity; STORE countries into 'output/choropleth_countries' using PigStorage(','); Code here. © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 101
  • 102. Example: Packetpig and PacketLoop © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 102
  • 103. Hortonworks Data Platform • Simplify deployment to get started quickly and easily • Monitor, manage any size cluster with familiar console and tools • Only platform to include data 1 integration services to interact with any data • Metadata services opens the platform for integration with existing applications • Dependable high availability architecture  Reduce risks and cost of adoption • Tested at scale to future proof  Lower the total cost to administer and provision your cluster growth  Integrate with your existing ecosystem © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 103
  • 104. Hadoop Summit Europe •  March 20-21, 2013 at Beurs van Berlage, Amsterdam •  Co-hosted by Hortonworks & Yahoo! •  Theme: Enabling the Next Generation Enterprise Data Platform •  Dozens of Sessions and 4 Tracks: – Applied Hadoop – Operating Hadoop – Hadoop Futures – Integrating Hadoop •  Community Focused Event – Sessions selected by a Conference Committee – Community Choice allowed public to vote for sessions they want to see •  Training classes offered pre event – To be announced… •  Don’t miss the biggest Hadoop event of the year hadoopsummit.org Architecting the Future of Big Data Page 1 © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 104
  • 105. Hortonworks Training The expert source for Apache Hadoop training & certification Role-based Developer and Administration training – Coursework built and maintained by the core Apache Hadoop development team. – The “right” course, with the most extensive and realistic hands-on materials – Provide an immersive experience into real-world Hadoop scenarios – Public and Private courses available Comprehensive Apache Hadoop Certification – Become a trusted and valuable Apache Hadoop expert © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 105
  • 106. Next Steps? 1 Download Hortonworks Data Platform hortonworks.com/download 2 Use the getting started guide hortonworks.com/get-started 3 Learn more… get support Hortonworks Support • Expert role based training • Full lifecycle technical support • Course for admins, developers across four service levels and operators • Delivered by Apache Hadoop • Certification program Experts/Committers • Custom onsite options • Forward-compatible hortonworks.com/training hortonworks.com/support © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 106
  • 107. Thank You! Questions & Answers Slides: http://slidesha.re/T943VU Follow: @hortonworks and @rjurney Read: hortonworks.com/blog © Hortonworks Inc. 2012 107

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  106. Hortonworks Data Platform (HDP) is the only 100% open source Apache Hadoop distribution that provides a complete and reliable foundation for enterprises that want to build, deploy and manage big data solutions. It allows you to confidently capture, process and share data in any format, at scale on commodity hardware and/or in a cloud environment. \n\nAs the foundation for the next generation enterprise data architecture, HDP delivers all of the necessary components to uncover business insights from the growing streams of data flowing into and throughout your business. HDP is a fully integrated data platform that includes the stable core functions of Apache Hadoop (HDFS and MapReduce), the baseline tools to process big data (Apache Hive, Apache HBase, Apache Pig) as well as a set of advanced capabilities (Apache Ambari, Apache HCatalog and High Availability) that make big data operational and ready for the enterprise. &amp;#xA0;\n\nRun through the points on left&amp;#x2026;\n
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