1. Finding Evidence Based Clinical Information in the Cochrane Library and PubMed EAHIL Continuing Education Course Helsinki June 24th. 2008. Hilde Strømme, Ullevaal University Hospital, Medical Library

5. PICO: The components of a clinical question Outcome Comparison Intervention or Exposure Population Patient Problem What happens? What is the outcome? What do we compare the intervention with? Not always necessary. What do we do to them? What are they exposed to? Who are the patients? What is the problem? O C I P

6. In primary nocturnal enuresis in children, do alarm systems compared with pharmacological therapies produce fewer wet beds in the short term and the long term? Nocturnal enuresis in children Alarm systems Fewer wet beds Pharmacological therapies Outcome Comparison Intervention or Exposure Population Patient Problem O C I P

7. PICO and Search Terms Pharmalogical therapies Alarm systems Nocturnal enuresis in children antidiuretic agents desmopressin imipramine alarm* nocturnal enuresis bedwetting nighttime urinary incontinence O C I P OR AND

8. Can measels-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR vaccine) cause autism? Children Autism MMR vaccine (No vaccine) Outcome Comparison Intervention or Exposure Population Patient Problem O C I P

9. PICO and Search Terms Autism MMR vaccine Children Autism Autistic disorder Kanner’s Syndrome (Asperger Sydrome) Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine MMR Vaccine Mumps Measles Rubella Vaccine Virivac Pluserix Priorix Trimovax Triviraten Berna O C I P OR AND

10. Evidence Pyramid Systematic review RCT Cohort Studies Case Control Studies Cross Sectional Studies Case Series Case Report Ideas, Editorials, Opinions Animal research In vitro (’test tube’) research

14. Clinical Queries in PubMed Use Clinical Queries to limit your search to the appropriate study design Or to find systematic reviews

19. Build your MeSH-search by sending MeSH-terms to the Search Box and then click Search PubMed

29. Use Advanced Search to search for all synonyms Title, Abstract or Keywords will probably produce the most relevant hits.

30. Combine Searches in Search History