2. Explains eight stages
that a healthy human
should pass through
during childhood all the
way through adulthood.
In each stage a person
should find new
challenges & hopefully
succeed through them.
3. Trust vs. Mistrust
Autonomy vs. Shame &
Doubt
Initiative vs. Guilt
Industry vs. inferiority
Identity vs. Identity
Confusion
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Integrity vs. Despair
4. Approximate Age:
o Birth-1 ½ years
Positive Outcomes:
o Feelings of trust from environmental
support
Negative Outcomes:
o Fear & concern regarding others
5. Approximate Age:
o 1 ½ -3 years
Positive Outcomes:
o Self-sufficiency if exploration is
encouraged
Negative Outcomes:
o Doubts about self, lack of independence
6. Approximate Age:
o 3-6 years
Positive Outcomes:
o Discovery of ways to initiate
actions
Negative Outcomes:
o Guilt from actions and thoughts
7. Approximate Age:
o 6-12 years
Positive Outcomes:
o Development of sense of
competence
Negative Outcomes:
o Feelings of inferiority, no sense of
mastery
8. Approximate Age:
o Adolescence
Positive Outcomes:
o Awareness of uniqueness of self, knowledge of role to be
followed
Negative Outcomes:
o Inability to identify appropriate roles in life
9. Approximate Age:
o Early adulthood
Positive Outcomes:
o Development of loving, sexual
relationships, and close friendships
Negative Outcomes:
o Fear of relationships with others
10. Approximate Age:
o Middle Adulthood
Positive Outcomes:
o Sense of contribution to continuity of
life
Negative Outcomes:
o Trivialization of one’s activities
11. Approximate Age:
o Late adulthood
Positive Outcomes:
o Sense of unity in life’s
accomplishments
Negative Outcomes:
o Regret over lost opportunities of life