Stepping Stones - Mikhail Shapiro - H+ Summit @ Harvard
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The document discusses using advances in neurotechnology to treat diseases and enhance human abilities. It notes that brain-machine interfaces, brain reading/uploading, enhanced learning and greater sensory powers could help with conditions like schizophrenia, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's, depression, blindness and deafness. However, major technological breakthroughs are still needed to achieve this. The document argues that focusing research and commercialization efforts on diseases without good treatment options and large markets could help drive progress in the field.
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Stepping Stones - Mikhail Shapiro - H+ Summit @ Harvard
- 1. Stepping Stones: Ge#ng to enhancement by focusing on disease Mikhail G. Shapiro, PhD H+ Summit 2010 © 2010 Mikhail Shapiro
- 2. Brain-‐machine interfaces Brain reading and uploading Enhanced learning Greater cogniEve abiliEes Greater sensory powers Need for mulEple technology breakthrougs High performance requirements High safety requirements Long and expensive investment proposiEon © 2010 Mikhail Shapiro
- 3. Brain-‐machine interfaces Brain reading and uploading Enhanced learning Greater cogniEve abiliEes Greater sensory powers Schizophrenia Spinal Cord Injury Alzheimer’s Depression Blindness Deafness Epilepsy Parkinson’s © 2010 Mikhail Shapiro
- 4. Brain-‐machine interfaces Locked in syndrome ALS Spinal Cord Injury © 2010 Mikhail Shapiro
- 5. © 2010 Mikhail Shapiro John Donoghue et al, Brown University
- 6. ‘mouse’ array © 2010 Mikhail Shapiro Serruya et al, Nature (2001)
- 7. © 2010 Mikhail Shapiro Hockberg et al, Nature (2006)
- 8. Reliability Speed, Low effort Natural feeling Super-‐enablement 2D cursor & click Wheelchair control Invisible electronics Must Deliver Unaended operaEon Basic limb control Fine limb control (eg digits) MulE-‐dimensional device control Healthy people Very late-‐stage ALS, Low quad, Locked-‐in Paraplegia, Market ALS, High Quad Tens of thousands Amputees Hundreds to few thousand Hundreds of thousands millions CompeMng Technologies Voice EMG EMG TAP JoysMck Tongue, EMG, PNS sip&puff, etc. EEG NIRS © 2010 Mikhail Shapiro
- 9. Brain Reading and Uploading Parkinson’s Epilepsy Rare GeneEc Diseases © 2010 Mikhail Shapiro
- 10. [ ] © 2010 Mikhail Shapiro
- 11. InspiraEon: Hemoglobin in fMRI Heeger, Ress. Nat. Rev. Neurosci (2002) © 2010 Mikhail Shapiro
- 12. HOH Ligand Fe3+ Dopamine HOH Fe3+ Shapiro MG et al., Nature Biotechnology (2010) © 2010 Mikhail Shapiro Alan Jasanoff, Frances Arnold, Robert Langer, Gil Westmeyer
- 13. Adrenoleukodystrophy © 2010 Mikhail Shapiro Car$er N et al., Science (2009)
- 14. Rare GeneEc Diseases Parkinson’s Schizophrenia Epilepsy © 2010 Mikhail Shapiro
- 15. Enhanced learning Alzheimer’s Learning disability Stroke © 2010 Mikhail Shapiro
- 16. © 2010 Mikhail Shapiro Williams and Eskandar., Nature Neuroscience (2006)
- 17. Greater sensory powers Deafness Blindness © 2010 Mikhail Shapiro
- 18. Blindness Deafness © 2010 Mikhail Shapiro Boyden ES, et al. Nature Neuroscience (2005) Bi et al. Neuron (2005)
- 19. Success factors for commercial clinical venture • Addresses a disease not well served by exisEng technology • High-‐quality science demonstraEng key scienEfic principles • Technology is a good fit for the problem at hand • Big clinical market either iniEally or clear path to one • Ability to get to clinical trials within 1-‐2 years, market 3-‐5 years • The usual: best people, strong backing, great management © 2010 Mikhail Shapiro
- 20. Brain-‐machine interfaces Brain reading and uploading Enhanced learning Greater cogniEve abiliEes Greater sensory powers Schizophrenia Spinal Cord Injury Alzheimer’s Depression Blindness Deafness Epilepsy Parkinson’s © 2010 Mikhail Shapiro
- 21. Thank You mikhail@thirdrockventures.com © 2010 Mikhail Shapiro