2. A Brief History of EngineeringA Brief History of Engineering
• The concept of engineering existed since• The concept of engineering existed since
the ancient times
I ti f ll h l t– Invention of pulleys, wheels, etc.
– Pyramids in Egypt, Great Wall of China
• “Engineering” ← “Engineer” ← “Engine”
(originated in the Middle Ages around
1000-1200 AD)
EE014-3.5-3-ES Introduction To Engineering Slide 2
3. A Brief History of Engineering
( t )(cont.)
• Latin word for “Engine” is Ingenium• Latin word for Engine is Ingenium
– “innate quality, especially mental power,
hence a clever invention”hence a clever invention
– they were mainly builders of civil and
mechanical structures such as buildingsmechanical structures such as buildings,
bridges, roads, mills and war machines
• Understanding advancement and• Understanding, advancement and
application of science and mathematics
Engineering evolution steamed engine
EE014-3.5-3-ES Introduction To Engineering
– Engineering evolution → steamed engine,
telephone, motorcars, electronics…….
Slide 3
4. What is Engineering?What is Engineering?
• Definition by American Accreditation Board for• Definition by American Accreditation Board for
Engineering and Technology (ABET):
The profession in which a knowledge of the
mathematical and natural sciences gainedmathematical and natural sciences gained
by study, experience and practice is applied
with judgement to develop ways to utilize,
economically, the materials and forces of
nature for the benefit of mankind
EE014-3.5-3-ES Introduction To Engineering Slide 4
5. IEM Definition of EngineeringIEM Definition of Engineering
• Share a common heritage of knowledge skill• Share a common heritage of knowledge, skill
and art.
• Renders a specialized service.p
• Involves a confidential relationship between
practitioner-client and/or employer.
• Is charged with a substantial degree of public
obligation.
Is bound by a distinctive Ethical Code• Is bound by a distinctive Ethical Code.
• Has learned organizations or societies.
EE014-3.5-3-ES Introduction To Engineering Slide 5
Adapted from Hairul Azhar, “Engineers in Society”
6. Engineering is…Engineering is…
• A profession: it has standards of conduct• A profession: it has standards of conduct,
responsibilities, is based on specialized knowledge and
members can attain professional status in well-defined
ways.
• An art as well as science: experience and practice is
required.required.
• The application of professional judgment in seeking
optimum solutions.
• The utilization of resources: nature, forces, energy,
material, knowledge.
A i i ti i i i t
EE014-3.5-3-ES Introduction To Engineering
• An exercise in optimizing economic cost.
Slide 6
Adapted from Hairul Azhar, “Engineers in Society”
7. … with Rules of Conduct
t i i tpertaining to …
• Who is permitted to practice?• Who is permitted to practice?
• What are an engineer’s obligations to
his/her client or employer and his/herhis/her client or employer and his/her
colleagues?
• What further obligations does an engineer• What further obligations does an engineer
owe to society?
• By what standards shall an engineer be• By what standards shall an engineer be
compensated?
• How and by whom shall an engineer’s
EE014-3.5-3-ES Introduction To Engineering
• How and by whom shall an engineer s
professional conduct be judged?
Slide 7
Adapted from Hairul Azhar, “Engineers in Society”
8. What it means to be an
E i ?Engineer?
• A profession whose principal duty is to• A profession whose principal duty is to
serve mankind.
A l i k l d t t ti l• Applying knowledge to create practical
devices, structures and processes.
• In contrast: Scientist aims to seek
knowledge.
EE014-3.5-3-ES Introduction To Engineering Slide 8
9. Engineers Vs ScientistsEngineers Vs Scientists
• Both require the understanding of• Both require the understanding of
principles of sciences and mathematics.
Scientists study how nature behaves.
Engineers make use of the scientists’
findings to develop useful devices.g p
EE014-3.5-3-ES Introduction To Engineering Slide 9
10. Disciplines of EngineeringDisciplines of Engineering
• Traditionally 4 main branches of• Traditionally, 4 main branches of
engineering:
Ci il E i i– Civil Engineering
– Mechanical Engineering
– Electrical Engineering
– Chemical Engineering
EE014-3.5-3-ES Introduction To Engineering Slide 10
11. Functions of EngineersFunctions of Engineers
• Research and Developmentp
• Design
• ManufacturingManufacturing
• Construction
• TestingTesting
• Sales and Marketing
• Maintenance• Maintenance
• Management
• Quality Control
EE014-3.5-3-ES Introduction To Engineering
• Quality Control
• …many other fields of engineering…
Slide 11
12. Public’s PerceptionPublic s Perception
• Generally negative:• Generally, negative:
– Difficult course
D t i d iti d t t i– Do not receive due recognition and status in
society quite low
I f i d t d t l– Inferior as compared to doctors, lawyers or
accountants
Lack of glamour and prestige– Lack of glamour and prestige
– Majority of public do not get to see engineers
directly
EE014-3.5-3-ES Introduction To Engineering
directly
– Almost no TV or film on engineers
Slide 12
13. Engineers in SocietyEngineers in Society
• Learn the social side of engineering• Learn the social side of engineering
– Includes issues like national development,
environment social and professionalismenvironment, social and professionalism
• This is no less important than your
t h i l k l dtechnical knowledge
• In reality engineers are expected to
analyse situations and problems and
propose rational solutions or
EE014-3.5-3-ES Introduction To Engineering
recommendations
Slide 13
14. EAC Expectations from
E i i St d tEngineering Students
1) ability to acquire and apply knowledge of1) ability to acquire and apply knowledge of
science and engineering fundamentals
2) i d i d th t h i l t2) acquired in depth technical competence
in a specific engineering discipline
3) ability to undertake problem identification,
formulation and solution
4) ability to utilise systems approach to
design and evaluate operational
EE014-3.5-3-ES Introduction To Engineering
g p
performance
Slide 14
Adapted from EAC Manual 2007
15. EAC Expectations from
E i i St d t (C t )Engineering Students (Cont.)
5) understanding of the principles of design5) understanding of the principles of design
for sustainable development
6) d t di f f i l d thi l6) understanding of professional and ethical
responsibilities and commitment to them
7) ability to communicate effectively, not
only with engineers but also with the
community at large
EE014-3.5-3-ES Introduction To Engineering Slide 15
Adapted from EAC Manual 2007
16. EAC Expectations from
E i i St d t (C t )Engineering Students (Cont.)
8) ability to function effectively as an8) ability to function effectively as an
individual and in a group with the
capacity to be a leader or managercapacity to be a leader or manager
9) understanding of the social, cultural,
l b l d i t l ibilitiglobal and environmental responsibilities
of a professional engineer
10)recognising the need to undertake
life long learning, and
EE014-3.5-3-ES Introduction To Engineering
possessing/acquiring the capacity to do
so Slide 16
Adapted from EAC Manual 2007
17. Activity 1Activity 1
• Developing countries are particularly vulnerable to industrial crises.Developing countries are particularly vulnerable to industrial crises.
However, industrial accidents such as Bhopal, India are not just an
Indian or even a Third World problem but are industrial disasters
waiting to happen , whether they are in the form of "mini-Bhopals",
smaller industrial accidents that occur with disturbing frequency in
chemical plants in both developed and developing countries, and
"slow-motion Bhopals", unseen chronic poisoning from industrial
pollution that causes irreversible pain, suffering, and death. These
are the key issues we face in a world where toxins are used and
developed without fully knowing the harm that can come from their
use or abuseuse or abuse.
• As a future engineers, discuss the issue.
EE014-3.5-3-ES Introduction To Engineering Slide 17
