Cloud Frontiers: A Deep Dive into Serverless Spatial Data and FME
History of IT industry, Internet and Hacker Culture
1. 情報システム論
IT産業の歴史
History of IT industry
Internet and Hackers
10/24/2013
よしおかひろたか(楽天株式会社)
hyoshiok@gmail.com
http://d.hatena.ne.jp/hyoshiok/
twitter: @hyoshiok
3. • The future is already here — it's
just not very evenly distributed.
by William Gibson
3
4. Agenda
• History of IT Industry, Internet
and Hackers
– OSS
– Hacker Culture
– Community, Engineer’s career
4
5. whoami
Name: Hiro Yoshioka
Title: Technical Managing Officer
Company: Rakuten, Inc
2009 – present
My mission: Empower Our
Engineers
Twitter: @hyoshiok
http://d.hatena.ne.jp/hyoshiok
(Diary in Japanese)
http://someday-join-us.blogspot.jp/
(in English)
5
6. whoami
Name: Hiro Yoshioka
2009-present, Rakuten
2000-2008, Miracle Linux, CTO
2002-2003, OSDL board member
1994-2000, Oracle
1984-1994, DEC
1984 Keio University (MS)
I have one patch to Linux Kernel J
x86: cache pollution aware patch
2006/6/23, 2.6.18
http://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/
linux.git/commit/?
id=c22ce143d15eb288543fe9873e1c5ac1c01b69a1
6
7. Who are we?
l Rakuten, Inc.
l Internet services company
l Founded : Feb. 7th 1997, Tokyo, Japan
l The first service: Rakuten Ichiba (shopping mall)
7
17. OSS – Open Source Software
• OSS and Free Software
• 1998, Opened Netscape’s
browser source code
• Open Source Software
– Free Software: Freedom is
important
– OSS: Not only freedom
17
18. OSS
• Value
– Freedom of Software
– Global software development model
• Evolution of software by
collaboration
• Cathedral and Bazaar
– Eric Raymond, 1997
18
19. Bazaar
• Software Development Model
• Engagement
– Users become Developers
• Develop by Community
– individual vs. organization
– volunteers
19
22. Hacker Ethics
• Access to computers—and anything which might
teach you something about the way the world
works—should be unlimited and total. Always
yield to the Hands-On Imperative!
• All information should be free
• Mistrust authority – promote decentralization
• Hackers should be judged by their hacking, not
criteria such as degrees, age, race, sex, or position
• You can create art and beauty on a computer
• Computers can change your life for the better
22
23. Hacker Culture, Common Value
• Computers can change your life for the better
• rough consensus and working code
• http://www.ietf.org/tao.html
• It’s better to ask forgiveness than permission.
• If it's a good idea, go ahead and do it. It is
much easier to apologize than it is to get
permission. By Grace Hopper
23
24. Internet, Joichi Ito
• The ethos of the Internet
• everyone should have the freedom to
connect, to innovate, to program, without
asking permission.
• No one can know the whole of the network, and
by design it cannot be centrally controlled.
• This network was intended to be decentralized,
its assets widely distributed. Today most
innovation springs from small groups at its
“edges.”
•
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/06/science/joichi-ito-innovatingby-the-seat-of-our-pants.html?_r=2&
24
25. What Happened to Yahoo, Paul Graham
• In 1998. Yahoo had two problems Google
didn't: easy money, and ambivalence about
being a technology company.
• Which companies need to have a hacker-centric
culture?
• Any company that needs to have good
software.
•
http://www.paulgraham.com/yahoo.html
25
26. What Happened to Yahoo, Paul Graham
• Good programmers want to work at hackercentric culture.
• Without good programmers you won’t get good
software.
•
http://www.paulgraham.com/yahoo.html
26
27. The Hacker Way (Facebook)
IPO 2012
•
•
•
•
•
•
Code wins arguments
Continuous Improvement and Iteration
Open and Meritocratic
Hackathon
Bootcamp
http://www.wired.com/business/2012/02/zuckletter/
27
29. Hacker-centric Culture
• Software Development in Internet Age
• Hire good programmers
• Good programmers want to work with
good programmers at hacker centric
culture
• Build good work place
• Good programmers make good services
29
30. Web 2.0
• Software products vs Internet Services
• http://oreilly.com/web2/archive/what-isweb-20.html 9/30/2005
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Web_2.0_Map.svg
30
31. Netscape vs Google
• A native web application, never sold or
packaged, but delivered as a service
• None of the trappings of the old software
industry are present.
• No scheduled software releases, just continuous
improvement.
• No licensing or sale, just usage.
• No porting to different platforms, …, just a
massively scalable collection of commodity
PCs running OSS operating systems plus
homegrown applications and utilities that no
one outside the company ever gets to see.
http://oreilly.com/web2/archive/what-is-web-20.html
31
35. Conference
•
•
•
•
•
•
Running by volunteers
Inexpensive, e.g., 5000 yen/day ($50/day)
Numbers attendees; more than 100 - 1000
Sharing technical knowledge and networking
Beer Bash or Drinking Party (optional)
Examples, LL event, PHP Conference, YAPC (Yet
another perl conference), RubyKaigi, Tokyo Node
Gakuen (Javascript)
35
36. cf. Commercial Conference
•
•
•
•
•
•
Running by corporation
Expensive, e.g., $300-$500/day
Numbers attendees; more than 1000
Sharing technical knowledge and networking
Party (optional)
Examples, OSCON $2045 (5 days),
http://www.oscon.com/
oscon2013
36
37. Volunteer driven meetups, conference
• Good Points
• Organizer; You can organize what you want.
• Contents, speakers, date, time, place, fee
• Presenters; You can share your idea.
• Participants;
• Bad Points
• You need to do everything. (You may have help
from community)
37
39. Self Introduction
• Ethnography 民族誌
• a branch of anthropology dealing with the
scientific description of individual cultures.
39
40. Ethnography, computer industry
• Field study of Computer Industry instead of
undeveloped region.
• Understand corporate culture
• Describe corporate culture
• Develop better corporate culture
• Corporate culture is difficult to understand
from outside
40
41. Ethnography
•
•
•
•
•
The Soul of New Machine(超マシン誕生)
Show Stopper(闘うプログラマ)
i-mode 事件
Engineering Culture(洗脳するマネジメント)
Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution
(ハッカーズ)
41
43. Digital Equipment Corporation
• Corporate Culture
• The first company gives you strong
impressions…
• Computer vendor, 2nd largest, 1957-90’s
• Acquired by Compaq in 1998, merged with HP
in 2002
43
46. Hacker-centric Culture
• Why do we need it for me?
• It is fun.
• Reasons
• Common good (make better world)
• Competitiveness (win a competition)
• Best practice (increase productivity)
46
47. How do we foster it?
• Corporate culture is developed by implicit and
explicit way
• Only insiders know it
47
48. Challenge of a Global Knowledge-Creating Organization
Knowledge needs to move from “Tacit to Explicit” and “Explicit to Tacit”
This is especially hard for Global Companies!
Tacit/暗黙知
Tacit
Tacit
Socialization
共同化
Externalization
表出化
Explicit
Tacit
Internalization
内面化
Combination
連結化
Explicit
Explicit/形式知
Explicit
Ø 共同化(Socialization) This process focuses tacit to tacit.
Ø 表出化(Externalization) This process focuses tacit to explicit. knowledge.
Ø 連結化(Combination) Knowledge transforms from explicit to explicit.
Ø 内面化(Internalization) Tacit knowledge is created using explicit knowledge and shared across the organization.
49. How do we foster it?
• Tacit (implicit) Knowledge
• material: manager, mentor, colleagues
• methods: work, job, study sessions, lunch,
drinking, hackerthons, SNS, …
• Explicit Knowledge
• strategy, guideline, rule, procedure, tools
49
50. How do we foster it?
• Tacit (implicit) Knowledge
• Super Sale live on Enterprise SNS
50
52. The Hacker Way (Facebook)
•
•
•
•
•
•
Code wins arguments
Continuous Improvement and Iteration
Open and Meritocratic
Hackathon
Bootcamp
http://www.wired.com/business/2012/02/zuckletter/
52
53. The Hacker Way (Facebook)
• Hackathon
• Demo or Die
• Pizza and Beer
at Yammer, 10/28/’12
53
54. • How to be a good Engineer (specialist)?
• Learn how to learn
• knowledge is less important than skill
• Be lifetime learner
http://learningpatterns.sfc.keio.ac.jp/
54
55. Rakuten
• Learning
• Global Experience Program
• International (oversea) Technical
Conference
• Hands on Trainings
55
56. Global training
Training is very important.
■SF Agile Development Center training
【The number of participants】6 employees
【Training period 】25 Sep 2011 – 15 Dec 2011
SF Agile Development Center
DU members
57. Work and Life in San Francisco
SFADC office
Member’s desk
Project Meeting
Famous steep hills are
all around the city
Bayside view from
Fisherman's Wharf
Internal meeting
in the house
The local specialty
Clam Chowder
Robotics and AI meetup
at San Francisco Univ.
57
Joined Linkshare’s
Soccer Team
58. DU’ve promoted Globalization : GEP/OSC/
Englishnization
2012 result
As part of it,
DAD’ve helped GEP,
OSC and EP
program.
GEP: 8 trainings, 28 trainees.
OSC: 140 conferences, 468 members
countries.
,17
Last year, DU sent many people to
overseas.
60. Technical Trainings
Leaderʼ’s Workshop
Mary Poppendieck
come to Japan in April. She
developed “Lean Software
Development” which like
TOYOTA Production
System(TPS).
And she is known famous
leader, consultant about
software development in USA.
61. Technical Trainings
Software Test
Janet Gregory
is the founder of DragonFire, Inc., an
agile quality process consultancy and
training firm. Her passion is helping
teams build quality systems. Since
1998, she has worked as a coach and
tester introducing agile practices into
both large and small companies.
63. Challenge of a Global Knowledge-Creating Organization
Knowledge needs to move from “Tacit to Explicit” and “Explicit to
Tacit” (Nonaka, Takeuchi)
This is especially hard for Global Companies!
Tacit/暗黙知
Explicit/形式知
Combination
連結化
Explicit
Tacit
Internalization
内面化
Externalization
表出化
Explicit
Tacit
Socialization
共同化
Tacit
Explicit
Ø 共同化(Socialization) This process focuses tacit to tacit.
Ø 表出化(Externalization) This process focuses tacit to explicit. knowledge.
Ø 連結化(Combination) Knowledge transforms from explicit to explicit.
Ø 内面化(Internalization) Tacit knowledge is created using explicit knowledge and shared across the organization.
68. Rakuten Technology Conference
• Annual conference since 2007 by
Rakuten
• All sessions were in English (2012)
• industries’ experts and employees
sessions
68
77. • Internet changes everything.
– The World is Flat.
– Open Source Software
– Bazaar Model
– Hacker Mind
http://www.rakuten.co.jp/recruit/engineer/hackermind.html
77
78. Moore’s Law
• Computers are getting cheaper
Transistor is double every 18 to 24 months
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore's_law
78
79. The Mythical Man-Month
Frederick Brooks, JR.
Brooks’ Law "adding
manpower to a late software
project makes it later"
http://www.kobobooks.com/ebook/The-Mythical-Man-Month-Essays/
book-5XViaJPL_UeFtLEagIcF9A/page1.html
79
80. Human Centric
• Engineers make Services and
Software.
– Computers are getting cheaper by
Moor’s law
– Software Development is governed
by Brooks’s law.
• Hackers make the Internet.
80
83. ZONE DEFINITION
RED ZONE:
YELLOW ZONE:
ORANGE ZONE:
GREEN ZONE:
Employee
Grade
More than 200 points away from target
Between 100-199 points away from target
Between 1 – 99 points away from target
Score meets or exceeds target
Not Reached
(RED)
Not Reached
(YELLOW)
Not Reached
(ORANGE)
Reached Target
(GREEN)
AAA
-550
551-650
651-749
750-
AA
-500
501-600
601-699
700-
A
-450
451-550
551-649
650-
BBB
-400
401-500
501-599
600-
BB
-400
401-500
501-599
600-
B
-400
401-500
501-599
600-
84. ZONE STATUS
As of June 30th, 2012
29%
GREEN
87%
42% 45% 48% 49% 51% 53% 54% 56% 58% 60% 63% 66% 72% 80%
9%
11%
14%
36%
16%
No Score
M
2011
A
ORANGE
19%
20% 19% 17% 15% 13% 10% 7%
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
Data: Ranten, Inc (Total may not equal 100% due to rounding)
YELLOW
6%
6%
J
F
2012
5% 4%
M
2%
RED
A
M
8%
4%
1%
J