SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 11
Download to read offline
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND
(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 5, September – October (2013), © IAEME

TECHNOLOGY (IJCIET)

ISSN 0976 – 6308 (Print)
ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online)
Volume 4, Issue 5, September – October, pp. 88-98
© IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp
Journal Impact Factor (2013): 5.3277 (Calculated by GISI)
www.jifactor.com

IJCIET
©IAEME

A STUDY OF SEISMIC SAFETY OF DISTRICT HOSPITAL IN
BARAMULLAH IN J&K
Mohammad Adil Dar1, Prof (Dr) A.R. Dar2 , Saqib Fayaz 3, Jayalakshmi Raju4
1

PG Research Student, Department of Civil Engineering, SDDIET, Kurukshetra University, India
2
Professor & Head Department of Civil Engineering, NIT, Srinagar, India
3
Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, NIT, Srinagar, India
4
UG student, Department of Civil Engineering, MSRIT, Bangalore, India

ABSTRACT
The state of Jammu and Kashmir, with a total area of 222,236 sq. km., is located in the northern
part of Indian subcontinent. Kashmir region falls in a high seismic hazard zone. On October 8, 2005,
the Mw 7.6 earthquake occurring at a depth of 26 km, with epicenter at 34.6 0N, 73.0 0E near the
town of Muzaffarabad, was felt throughout Pakistan and India and N.W frontier parts of Pakistan.
The most severe impact of the earthquake was felt in the state of Jammu & Kashmir. About 90,000
households in the Kashmir Division and 8,000 households in the Jammu Division were greatly
affected.
In India there are about 80-90% of buildings which are non-engineered and are much
vulnerable to damage due to earthquakes. In the state J&K presently the earthquake problem is the
most important issue to be given serious consideration as it devastates societies. It is therefore,
essential to introduce such features in the buildings so that catastrophic damages could be
minimized.
The Kashmir region has witnessed frequent earthquakes in the past. But the recent
earthquakes demonstrated how extremely vulnerable the buildings in this region are. These
earthquakes shook the confidence of many Kashmiri in local building materials and even in the
techniques they had been using for centuries.
During our project survey we analyzed that the immediate reaction of the people towards
frequent earthquakes in the state has been a strong desire to abandon traditional architecture and
building systems and adopt cement and steel based construction, but still there are large number of
people whose spine has not shaken yet and while construction they do not seem to be aware of
threats posed by earthquake. During our interactions with the people we concluded that the main
reasons behind their negligence is lack of proper seismic knowledge among skilled workers like
masons, carpenters, bar binders and lack of attention shown by government officials. At times even
the practicing engineers are not adequately familiar with details of seismic resistant construction.
88
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308
(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 5, September – October (2013), © IAEME
Key Words: Catastrophic Damage, Non-Engineered Buildings, Traditional Architecture, Lack Of
Engineered
Proper Seismic Knowledge, Details Of Seismic Resistant Construction.
INTRODUCTION
The 8th October 2005 earthquake in Jammu and Kashmir clearly demonstrated the
earthquake vulnerability profile of the state. Most of the losses in this earthquake have occurred due
to collapse of buildings constructed in traditional materials like stone brick and wood, which were
brick
not engineered to be earthquake resistant.
Construction of earthquake resistant new buildings alone is not the desired solution of the
problem but there are as many as 90% of structures in J&K that need to be reviewed and retrofitted ,
especially those structures which have higher importance factor viz. hospitals, schools etc. As we
know that just after the earthquake the first requirement to the injured people is to provide them
medical facility and if hospitals collapse, how can we avoid the further loss of the life? It is not the
ls
earthquake that kills the people but the buildings that are meant for shelter becomes the trap and
weapon for killing the people during earthquake. It is also evident that life becomes more miserable
becomes
when people become homeless especially in cold climate regions. Thus, the need of the hour is not
only to design earthquake resistant structures but also retrofitting of seismically unsafe existing
building in highly earthquake prone area
areas

Typical Rural Kashmiri Building
CONCEPT OF INERTIA IN SEISMIC STUDY
When an earthquake occurs, the first response of a building is not to move at all due to
the inertia of the structures mass. Almost instantaneously, however, the acceleration of the
ground causes the building to move sideways at the base causing a lateral load on the building
and a shear force at the base, as though forces were being applied in the opposite direction. See
Figure [a]. As the direction of the acceleration changes, the building begins to vibrate back and
changes,
forth. Theoretically, the force on the building can be found by using Newton’s law, which states
that force equals mass times acceleration. Since the acceleration is established by the given
earthquake, the greater the mass of the building, the greater the force acting on it. However, the
acceleration of the building depends on another property of the structure, its natural period. If a
building is deflected by a lateral force such as the wind or an earthquake, it moves from side to
moves
side. The period is the time in seconds it takes for a building to complete one full side
side-to-side
oscillation. See Figure (b). The period is dependent on the mass and the stiffness of the building.
The goal of seismic design is to build a structure that can safely transfer the loads to the
foundation and back to the ground and absorb some of the energy present rather than suffering
89
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308
(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 5, September – October (2013), © IAEME
damage. The ability of a structure to absorb some of the energy is known as ductility, which
occurs when the building deflects in the inelastic range without failing or collapsing. The greater
the ductility of a building, the greater is its capacity to absorb energy.

Building motion during earthquake
BEHAVIOUR OF MASONRY BUILDINGS TO GROUND MOTION
Ground vibrations during earthquakes cause inertia forces at locations of mass in the
building. These forces travel through the roof and walls to the foundation. The main emphasis is on
ensuring that these forces reach the ground without causing major damage or collapse. Of the three
without
components of a masonry building (roof, wall and foundation) (Figure (a), the walls are most
(
)
vulnerable to damage caused by horizontal forces due to earthquake. A wall topples down easily if
pushed horizontally at the top in a direction perpendicular to its plane (termed weak direction), but
lly
offers much greater resistance if pushed along its length (termed strong direction) [Figure (b)].
)

FIG. (a) Flexural wall

FIG. (b) Shear wall

CATAGORISATION OF EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE STAGES IN LOAD BEARING
MASONRY WALLS
Diagonal crack
from the corner
opening.

Stage I of Earthquake. damage
.
90
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308
(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 5, September – October (2013), © IAEME

Stage I of Earthquake. Damage
Minor damage at the
roof base.

Crack more than 10mm.

Stage II of Earthquake. Damage
Earthquake

Wide crack in shear wall

Stage II of Earthquake. Damage

91
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308
(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 5, September – October (2013), © IAEME

Collapse of
large portion
of wall

Stage III of Earthquake. Damage

Corner failure
of coursed
stone masonry
building in
mud mortar

Stage III of Earthquake. Damage

Total
collapse

Stage IV of Earthquake. Damage

CASE STUDY
Case studies are the best way to learn the practical aspects of the real life problems from the
experience of others. They eliminate the need for reinvention, and a further benefit is that they can
help build confidence in prevailing building systems. The purpose of presenting case studies in our
project is to share the learning from cases that are relevant to the present day scenario of high level
seismic risk in the state of Jammu & Kashmir. This chapter includes field survey of a government
public building (DISTRICT HOSPITAL BARAMULLAH )in area of J&K.
DISTRICT
92
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308
(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 5, September – October (2013), © IAEME

Front view of Distt. Hospital Baramulla
The building is a typical double story load bearing masonry structure constructed in lime
surkhi as mortar. The building is located at the bank of river Jhelum.
SALIENT FEATURES IN ACCORDANCE WITH CODES
(IS 4326-1993, IS 13828-1993)
4326
1. LIGHTNESS
The building is light in weight, typically constructed in brick masonry. The weight
has been reduced by providing large openings which is not desirable. Further the presence of
timber roof truss also results in decrease in weight of the structure.
2. PROJECTION AND SUSPENDED PARTS
Structural projecting parts are absent. A thin coat of Ceiling plaster is present.
3. CONTINUITY OF CONSTRUCTION
The parts of the building were tied together in such a manner that the building acts as
one unit. Concrete slab was integrally cast with the support beams. However, structural
integrity is disturbed by using timber as wall infill material instead of brick masonry, as the
adjacent columns have been constructed in brick masonry as shown in figure below. The
short and the long wall of the building were integrally connected with each other by
interlocking of masonry courses at the junctions. However, due to large openings the box
action between all the elements of building has reduced considerably.

Structural integrity
disturbed by using
timber as wall infill
material, as the adjacent
columns are of brick
masonry
Continuity of construction disturbed

93
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308
(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 5, September – October (2013), © IAEME
4. BUILDING CONFIGURATION
The building is symmetrical in plan with offsets at certain places, and further the length of
the building exceeds thrice its width which is not in accordance with IS 4326-1993. And no
1993.
seismic joint is provided.
5. OPENING IN BEARING WALLS
Window openings are large in size and in most of the cases located at corners which is
not in accordance with code as per clause 8.3.1 and figure 7 IS 4326-1993. Openings too close to
4326
.
wall corners hamper the flow of forces from one wall to other. Further, large openings weaken
walls from carrying inertial force in their own plane. Thus location and size of opening in
hospital building reduce its seismic performance.

Opening at corner
reduces the
interlocking between
the two walls and
hence hamper the flow
of forces from one
wall to other

(a) Opening in bearing walls

Large opening in
shear and
flexural walls
weaken then
from carrying
inertial force in
their own plane

(b) Opening in bearing walls

6. HORIZONTAL BANDS
Lintel band is provided over all the openings and is continuous. However, there is level
difference at certain places.
Level difference
in lintel band
which disturbs the
structural
integrity

Discontinuous lintel band
94
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308
(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 5, September – October (2013), © IAEME
Roof band is provided and is necessary in building with CGI sheet roof, pitched or
sloping roof. It provides firm connectivity between roof truss and the sub-structure
sub structure

Roof band
provides firm
connectivity
between roof
truss and sub
structure

Roof band
7. STAIRCASE
The stair case is rigidly connected with the floors but no sliding joints were provided
which according to clause 5.5.1 of IS 4326-1993 produces bracing effect on floors. The staircase
4326
provided was built in type staircase and was built monolithic with floors. However, the separated
staircase should have been preferred which provides better performance during earthquake.
8. WORKMANSHIP
The quality of workmanship in brickwork is fair, vertical joints have been successfully
have
avoided. However, for the sake of aesthetics toothed joints have not been properly provided
which leads to development of vertical joints and hence shear cracks have occured as shown in
figure below.

Vertical joints
have not been
eliminated for
the sake of
aesthetics.
This has
proven fetal as
shown.

95
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308
(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 5, September – October (2013), © IAEME

Only patch work
done (after 2005
Eqk.) and no
retrofitting
measures have
been incorporated

Workmanship
9. BRICK NOGGEDED TIMBER FRAME CONSTRUCTION
The wall construction consists of timber studs and corner posts framed into sills, top plates
ruction
and wall plates. Horizontal struts and diagonal braces are used to stiffen the frame against lateral
loads as shown in figure. The building in our assessment lacks diagonal braces which reduce the
braces
strength of the frame as shown in figure below.

Brick Nogged Timber Frame

Dhajji wall.

96

No bracing
provided
which
renders wall
weak in
strength
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308
(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 5, September – October (2013), © IAEME
10. FIRE SAFETY
Burnt bricks have inherent fire safety but use of timber as construction material imposes
severe fire threat to the building.
CONCLUSION
It is quite pondering that even for a rider riding motorcycle; it has been put mandatory on his
part to wear a helmet just for his safety or even for buildings certain building bylaws have been
provisioned which need to be abided. These objectives are solely attributed for the safety and well
being of the public on the whole and refraining them from landing into any inconvenience. Thus in
this regard our domain i.e. the analysis made by us in regard of the earth quake too need to be given
a broader dimension like this. Its importance should be given a due domain in familiarizing the
message about the very same. Also certain measures should be taken by the Structural Designers on
the mandatory lines which would take into account not only raising the structures but raising them
with strength to mobilize the ill effects of the earthquake so that even if a structure fails at least it
should be in a position to alarm the people so that in the elapsed time they could make a safe
passage. The need of an hour is to produce low cost but earthquake resistant structures in severe and
severe most seismic zones and J&K being the most earthquake prone area, we and all other engineers
of the valley should understand that it is the masonry that would prove to be economical construction
on one hand and earthquake resistant on the other hand, provided an engineering approach to the said
material is adopted
REFERENCES
IS 4326:1993 “Earthquake Resistant Design and Construction of Buildings Code of
Practice?”
2. IS 13828:1993 “Improving Earthquake Resistance of Low Strength Masonry Buildings Guidelines.”
3. IS 1893(PART-I):1993 “Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures Part 1
General provisions and Buildings”.
4. Earthquake Resistant Design, by S.K. Duggal.
5. IITK-BMTPC Earthquake Tips.
6. A manual of Earthquake Resistant Non- Engineered Construction .Indian Society Of
Earthquake Technology, Roorkee 2001.
7. Manual for Restoration and Retrofitting of Rural Structures in Kashmir 2007.
8. Report on the 8th October 2005, Kashmir Earthquake, Amita sinvhal, Ashok D. Pandey &
Sachin M. Pore. IIT ROORKEE.
9. “Masonry Codes and specifications, “International Conference on Building Officials,
10. “Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures,” ACI 530/ASCE 5? TMS 402 ACI.
Detroit; ASCE New York, Boulder, 1992.
11. Mohammed S. Al-Ansari, “Building Response to Blast and Earthquake Loading”,
International Journal of Civil Engineering & Technology (IJCIET), Volume 3, Issue 2, 2012,
pp. 327 - 346, ISSN Print: 0976 – 6308, ISSN Online: 0976 – 6316.
Web sites
www.sciencedirect.com,
www.nicee.org,
www.bmtpc.org,
www.geocites.com.
1.

97
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308
(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 5, September – October (2013), © IAEME

M ADIL DAR
The Author has received his B.E(Hons) in Civil Engineering from M.S.R.I.T
Bangalore. He is presently pursuing his M-Tech in Structural Engineering in
Kurukshetra University. The Author has published papers in numerous peer reviewed
journals and International Conferences. His research interests include Earthquake
Engineering, Bridge Engineering & Steel Structures. His is the Life Member of
ISE,ISET,ICI,ISCE,SEFI & IAEME & Member of IASE,ACCE,ISSE,ASCE,ACI &
IRC.

Prof (Dr) A.R.DAR
The Author has received his B.E in R.E.C Srinagar (Presently N.I.T Srinagar),
M.E(Hons) in Structural Engineering from I.I.T Roorkee & Ph.d in Earthquake
Engineering from University of Bristol U.K under prestigious Commonwealth
Scholarship Award. He is presently working as a Distinguished Professor & Head of
Civil Engineering Department in N.I.T Srinagar. . The Author has published papers in
several International journals & Conferences..His research areas include Earthquake
Resistant Design, Tall Structures, Structural Dynamics, RCC design, Steel Design,
Prestressed Design. He is the life member of several professional bodies in structural
engineering. He is presently the senior most professor in NIT & holds many
administrative responsibilities in the same institution.

JAYALAKSHMI RAJU
The Author is pursuing her B.E (Final Year) in Civil Engineering in M.S.Ramaiah
Institute of Technology Bangalore. She has published many papers in numerous peer
reviewed journals and International Conferences. She has presented technical papers in
many State & National Level Technical Events. She has also participated in many
technical events like cube casting & technical debates. Her research interests include
Steel Design, RCC Design & Bridge Engineering.

98

More Related Content

What's hot

IRJET- Earthquake Resistant Structure Building
IRJET- Earthquake Resistant Structure BuildingIRJET- Earthquake Resistant Structure Building
IRJET- Earthquake Resistant Structure BuildingIRJET Journal
 
Comparison of percentage steel and concrete quantities of a r.c building in d...
Comparison of percentage steel and concrete quantities of a r.c building in d...Comparison of percentage steel and concrete quantities of a r.c building in d...
Comparison of percentage steel and concrete quantities of a r.c building in d...eSAT Journals
 
Comparison of percentage steel and concrete
Comparison of percentage steel and concreteComparison of percentage steel and concrete
Comparison of percentage steel and concreteeSAT Publishing House
 
IRJET-Earthquake Resistant Structure using Seismic Cloaked FoundationC
IRJET-Earthquake Resistant Structure using Seismic Cloaked FoundationCIRJET-Earthquake Resistant Structure using Seismic Cloaked FoundationC
IRJET-Earthquake Resistant Structure using Seismic Cloaked FoundationCIRJET Journal
 
Seismic Performance Evaluation of Mivan Structural System v/s Conventional St...
Seismic Performance Evaluation of Mivan Structural System v/s Conventional St...Seismic Performance Evaluation of Mivan Structural System v/s Conventional St...
Seismic Performance Evaluation of Mivan Structural System v/s Conventional St...IRJET Journal
 
Design of 3 d rc frame on sloping ground
Design of 3 d rc frame on sloping groundDesign of 3 d rc frame on sloping ground
Design of 3 d rc frame on sloping groundeSAT Publishing House
 
Dynamic analysis of_high_rise_structures
Dynamic analysis of_high_rise_structuresDynamic analysis of_high_rise_structures
Dynamic analysis of_high_rise_structuresssuser79fc19
 
Earthquake Resistant Design of Low-Rise Open Ground Storey Framed Building
Earthquake Resistant Design of Low-Rise Open Ground Storey  Framed BuildingEarthquake Resistant Design of Low-Rise Open Ground Storey  Framed Building
Earthquake Resistant Design of Low-Rise Open Ground Storey Framed BuildingIJMER
 
Regulation for earthquake resistance building in Indonesia
Regulation for earthquake resistance building in IndonesiaRegulation for earthquake resistance building in Indonesia
Regulation for earthquake resistance building in IndonesiaPutika Ashfar Khoiri
 
Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Beams under Different Kinds of Blast Loading
Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Beams under Different Kinds of Blast LoadingBehaviour of Reinforced Concrete Beams under Different Kinds of Blast Loading
Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Beams under Different Kinds of Blast LoadingMD ASIF AKBARI
 
IRJET-Seismic behaviour and Pushover Analysis of Irregular Flat Slab Building...
IRJET-Seismic behaviour and Pushover Analysis of Irregular Flat Slab Building...IRJET-Seismic behaviour and Pushover Analysis of Irregular Flat Slab Building...
IRJET-Seismic behaviour and Pushover Analysis of Irregular Flat Slab Building...IRJET Journal
 
LATUR-KILLARI EARTHQUAKE 1993 REPORT
LATUR-KILLARI EARTHQUAKE 1993 REPORTLATUR-KILLARI EARTHQUAKE 1993 REPORT
LATUR-KILLARI EARTHQUAKE 1993 REPORTAmar Gohel
 
Seismic pounding between adjacent rc buildings with and without base isolatio...
Seismic pounding between adjacent rc buildings with and without base isolatio...Seismic pounding between adjacent rc buildings with and without base isolatio...
Seismic pounding between adjacent rc buildings with and without base isolatio...eSAT Journals
 
Advanced Earthquake Resistant Building Techniques
Advanced Earthquake Resistant Building TechniquesAdvanced Earthquake Resistant Building Techniques
Advanced Earthquake Resistant Building Techniquesijtsrd
 
Effect of Impulsive Loads on G+3 RCC Building
Effect of Impulsive Loads on G+3 RCC BuildingEffect of Impulsive Loads on G+3 RCC Building
Effect of Impulsive Loads on G+3 RCC BuildingIJMERJOURNAL
 
Performance Analysis of the Tall Structure with Diagrid for Seismic Loading
Performance Analysis of the Tall Structure with Diagrid for Seismic LoadingPerformance Analysis of the Tall Structure with Diagrid for Seismic Loading
Performance Analysis of the Tall Structure with Diagrid for Seismic LoadingIRJET Journal
 
Study of Comparison Between Static and Dynamic Analysis Subjected to Wind and...
Study of Comparison Between Static and Dynamic Analysis Subjected to Wind and...Study of Comparison Between Static and Dynamic Analysis Subjected to Wind and...
Study of Comparison Between Static and Dynamic Analysis Subjected to Wind and...IRJET Journal
 

What's hot (18)

IRJET- Earthquake Resistant Structure Building
IRJET- Earthquake Resistant Structure BuildingIRJET- Earthquake Resistant Structure Building
IRJET- Earthquake Resistant Structure Building
 
Comparison of percentage steel and concrete quantities of a r.c building in d...
Comparison of percentage steel and concrete quantities of a r.c building in d...Comparison of percentage steel and concrete quantities of a r.c building in d...
Comparison of percentage steel and concrete quantities of a r.c building in d...
 
Comparison of percentage steel and concrete
Comparison of percentage steel and concreteComparison of percentage steel and concrete
Comparison of percentage steel and concrete
 
IRJET-Earthquake Resistant Structure using Seismic Cloaked FoundationC
IRJET-Earthquake Resistant Structure using Seismic Cloaked FoundationCIRJET-Earthquake Resistant Structure using Seismic Cloaked FoundationC
IRJET-Earthquake Resistant Structure using Seismic Cloaked FoundationC
 
Seismic Performance Evaluation of Mivan Structural System v/s Conventional St...
Seismic Performance Evaluation of Mivan Structural System v/s Conventional St...Seismic Performance Evaluation of Mivan Structural System v/s Conventional St...
Seismic Performance Evaluation of Mivan Structural System v/s Conventional St...
 
Design of 3 d rc frame on sloping ground
Design of 3 d rc frame on sloping groundDesign of 3 d rc frame on sloping ground
Design of 3 d rc frame on sloping ground
 
Dynamic analysis of_high_rise_structures
Dynamic analysis of_high_rise_structuresDynamic analysis of_high_rise_structures
Dynamic analysis of_high_rise_structures
 
Earthquake Resistant Design of Low-Rise Open Ground Storey Framed Building
Earthquake Resistant Design of Low-Rise Open Ground Storey  Framed BuildingEarthquake Resistant Design of Low-Rise Open Ground Storey  Framed Building
Earthquake Resistant Design of Low-Rise Open Ground Storey Framed Building
 
Regulation for earthquake resistance building in Indonesia
Regulation for earthquake resistance building in IndonesiaRegulation for earthquake resistance building in Indonesia
Regulation for earthquake resistance building in Indonesia
 
12
1212
12
 
Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Beams under Different Kinds of Blast Loading
Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Beams under Different Kinds of Blast LoadingBehaviour of Reinforced Concrete Beams under Different Kinds of Blast Loading
Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Beams under Different Kinds of Blast Loading
 
IRJET-Seismic behaviour and Pushover Analysis of Irregular Flat Slab Building...
IRJET-Seismic behaviour and Pushover Analysis of Irregular Flat Slab Building...IRJET-Seismic behaviour and Pushover Analysis of Irregular Flat Slab Building...
IRJET-Seismic behaviour and Pushover Analysis of Irregular Flat Slab Building...
 
LATUR-KILLARI EARTHQUAKE 1993 REPORT
LATUR-KILLARI EARTHQUAKE 1993 REPORTLATUR-KILLARI EARTHQUAKE 1993 REPORT
LATUR-KILLARI EARTHQUAKE 1993 REPORT
 
Seismic pounding between adjacent rc buildings with and without base isolatio...
Seismic pounding between adjacent rc buildings with and without base isolatio...Seismic pounding between adjacent rc buildings with and without base isolatio...
Seismic pounding between adjacent rc buildings with and without base isolatio...
 
Advanced Earthquake Resistant Building Techniques
Advanced Earthquake Resistant Building TechniquesAdvanced Earthquake Resistant Building Techniques
Advanced Earthquake Resistant Building Techniques
 
Effect of Impulsive Loads on G+3 RCC Building
Effect of Impulsive Loads on G+3 RCC BuildingEffect of Impulsive Loads on G+3 RCC Building
Effect of Impulsive Loads on G+3 RCC Building
 
Performance Analysis of the Tall Structure with Diagrid for Seismic Loading
Performance Analysis of the Tall Structure with Diagrid for Seismic LoadingPerformance Analysis of the Tall Structure with Diagrid for Seismic Loading
Performance Analysis of the Tall Structure with Diagrid for Seismic Loading
 
Study of Comparison Between Static and Dynamic Analysis Subjected to Wind and...
Study of Comparison Between Static and Dynamic Analysis Subjected to Wind and...Study of Comparison Between Static and Dynamic Analysis Subjected to Wind and...
Study of Comparison Between Static and Dynamic Analysis Subjected to Wind and...
 

Similar to 20320130405010

Earthquake risks and effective of earthquake load and wind load on behavior of
Earthquake risks and effective of earthquake load and wind load on behavior ofEarthquake risks and effective of earthquake load and wind load on behavior of
Earthquake risks and effective of earthquake load and wind load on behavior ofIAEME Publication
 
Earth quake risks and its reduction methods for hill regions using dampers tec
Earth quake risks and its reduction methods for hill regions using dampers tecEarth quake risks and its reduction methods for hill regions using dampers tec
Earth quake risks and its reduction methods for hill regions using dampers tecIAEME Publication
 
project report on earth quake resisting building
project report on earth quake resisting buildingproject report on earth quake resisting building
project report on earth quake resisting buildingMDALIM13
 
Design and Analysis of a Multistory Reinforced Concrete Frame in Different Se...
Design and Analysis of a Multistory Reinforced Concrete Frame in Different Se...Design and Analysis of a Multistory Reinforced Concrete Frame in Different Se...
Design and Analysis of a Multistory Reinforced Concrete Frame in Different Se...ijtsrd
 
Seismic analysis of multi storey reinforced concrete buildings frame”
Seismic analysis of multi storey reinforced concrete buildings frame”Seismic analysis of multi storey reinforced concrete buildings frame”
Seismic analysis of multi storey reinforced concrete buildings frame”ankialok
 
IRJET- Review on Seismic Analyses of RC Frame Structure by using Bracing ...
IRJET-  	  Review on Seismic Analyses of RC Frame Structure by using Bracing ...IRJET-  	  Review on Seismic Analyses of RC Frame Structure by using Bracing ...
IRJET- Review on Seismic Analyses of RC Frame Structure by using Bracing ...IRJET Journal
 
IRJET- Review on Seismic Analyses of RC Frame Structure by using Bracing ...
IRJET-  	  Review on Seismic Analyses of RC Frame Structure by using Bracing ...IRJET-  	  Review on Seismic Analyses of RC Frame Structure by using Bracing ...
IRJET- Review on Seismic Analyses of RC Frame Structure by using Bracing ...IRJET Journal
 
FLAWS IN CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES OF MASONRY BUILDINGS IN KASHMIR WITH REFERENC...
FLAWS IN CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES OF MASONRY BUILDINGS IN KASHMIR WITH REFERENC...FLAWS IN CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES OF MASONRY BUILDINGS IN KASHMIR WITH REFERENC...
FLAWS IN CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES OF MASONRY BUILDINGS IN KASHMIR WITH REFERENC...IAEME Publication
 
Seismic analysis of multi storey reinforced concrete buildings frame”
Seismic analysis of multi storey reinforced concrete buildings frame”Seismic analysis of multi storey reinforced concrete buildings frame”
Seismic analysis of multi storey reinforced concrete buildings frame”ankialok
 
Effect of shear wall position in multi-storied building
Effect of shear wall position in multi-storied buildingEffect of shear wall position in multi-storied building
Effect of shear wall position in multi-storied buildingIRJET Journal
 
IRJET- Behavior and Comparison of Multistory Building of Shear Wall with and ...
IRJET- Behavior and Comparison of Multistory Building of Shear Wall with and ...IRJET- Behavior and Comparison of Multistory Building of Shear Wall with and ...
IRJET- Behavior and Comparison of Multistory Building of Shear Wall with and ...IRJET Journal
 
“ Study of Sesmic Analysis of Masonry Wall Structure”
“ Study of Sesmic Analysis of Masonry Wall Structure”“ Study of Sesmic Analysis of Masonry Wall Structure”
“ Study of Sesmic Analysis of Masonry Wall Structure”IJERA Editor
 
Earthquake resistant buildings (1)
Earthquake resistant buildings (1)Earthquake resistant buildings (1)
Earthquake resistant buildings (1)KartikYadav79
 
Effect of Shear Wall on Overall Performance of Multi-Storey Buildings
Effect of Shear Wall on Overall Performance of Multi-Storey BuildingsEffect of Shear Wall on Overall Performance of Multi-Storey Buildings
Effect of Shear Wall on Overall Performance of Multi-Storey BuildingsIRJET Journal
 

Similar to 20320130405010 (20)

20120130406030 2
20120130406030 220120130406030 2
20120130406030 2
 
Earthquake risks and effective of earthquake load and wind load on behavior of
Earthquake risks and effective of earthquake load and wind load on behavior ofEarthquake risks and effective of earthquake load and wind load on behavior of
Earthquake risks and effective of earthquake load and wind load on behavior of
 
Earth quake risks and its reduction methods for hill regions using dampers tec
Earth quake risks and its reduction methods for hill regions using dampers tecEarth quake risks and its reduction methods for hill regions using dampers tec
Earth quake risks and its reduction methods for hill regions using dampers tec
 
project report on earth quake resisting building
project report on earth quake resisting buildingproject report on earth quake resisting building
project report on earth quake resisting building
 
Design and Analysis of a Multistory Reinforced Concrete Frame in Different Se...
Design and Analysis of a Multistory Reinforced Concrete Frame in Different Se...Design and Analysis of a Multistory Reinforced Concrete Frame in Different Se...
Design and Analysis of a Multistory Reinforced Concrete Frame in Different Se...
 
Dg33646652
Dg33646652Dg33646652
Dg33646652
 
Synopsis of project
Synopsis of projectSynopsis of project
Synopsis of project
 
Seismic analysis of multi storey reinforced concrete buildings frame”
Seismic analysis of multi storey reinforced concrete buildings frame”Seismic analysis of multi storey reinforced concrete buildings frame”
Seismic analysis of multi storey reinforced concrete buildings frame”
 
100026031
100026031100026031
100026031
 
IRJET- Review on Seismic Analyses of RC Frame Structure by using Bracing ...
IRJET-  	  Review on Seismic Analyses of RC Frame Structure by using Bracing ...IRJET-  	  Review on Seismic Analyses of RC Frame Structure by using Bracing ...
IRJET- Review on Seismic Analyses of RC Frame Structure by using Bracing ...
 
IRJET- Review on Seismic Analyses of RC Frame Structure by using Bracing ...
IRJET-  	  Review on Seismic Analyses of RC Frame Structure by using Bracing ...IRJET-  	  Review on Seismic Analyses of RC Frame Structure by using Bracing ...
IRJET- Review on Seismic Analyses of RC Frame Structure by using Bracing ...
 
FLAWS IN CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES OF MASONRY BUILDINGS IN KASHMIR WITH REFERENC...
FLAWS IN CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES OF MASONRY BUILDINGS IN KASHMIR WITH REFERENC...FLAWS IN CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES OF MASONRY BUILDINGS IN KASHMIR WITH REFERENC...
FLAWS IN CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES OF MASONRY BUILDINGS IN KASHMIR WITH REFERENC...
 
Seismic analysis of multi storey reinforced concrete buildings frame”
Seismic analysis of multi storey reinforced concrete buildings frame”Seismic analysis of multi storey reinforced concrete buildings frame”
Seismic analysis of multi storey reinforced concrete buildings frame”
 
Effect of shear wall position in multi-storied building
Effect of shear wall position in multi-storied buildingEffect of shear wall position in multi-storied building
Effect of shear wall position in multi-storied building
 
20320130406011 2-3
20320130406011 2-320320130406011 2-3
20320130406011 2-3
 
IRJET- Behavior and Comparison of Multistory Building of Shear Wall with and ...
IRJET- Behavior and Comparison of Multistory Building of Shear Wall with and ...IRJET- Behavior and Comparison of Multistory Building of Shear Wall with and ...
IRJET- Behavior and Comparison of Multistory Building of Shear Wall with and ...
 
“ Study of Sesmic Analysis of Masonry Wall Structure”
“ Study of Sesmic Analysis of Masonry Wall Structure”“ Study of Sesmic Analysis of Masonry Wall Structure”
“ Study of Sesmic Analysis of Masonry Wall Structure”
 
Earthquake resistant buildings (1)
Earthquake resistant buildings (1)Earthquake resistant buildings (1)
Earthquake resistant buildings (1)
 
Effect of Shear Wall on Overall Performance of Multi-Storey Buildings
Effect of Shear Wall on Overall Performance of Multi-Storey BuildingsEffect of Shear Wall on Overall Performance of Multi-Storey Buildings
Effect of Shear Wall on Overall Performance of Multi-Storey Buildings
 
Ac34176185
Ac34176185Ac34176185
Ac34176185
 

More from IAEME Publication

IAEME_Publication_Call_for_Paper_September_2022.pdf
IAEME_Publication_Call_for_Paper_September_2022.pdfIAEME_Publication_Call_for_Paper_September_2022.pdf
IAEME_Publication_Call_for_Paper_September_2022.pdfIAEME Publication
 
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
 
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURS
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSA STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURS
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
 
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURS
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSBROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURS
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
 
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONS
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSDETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONS
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
 
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONS
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONS
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
 
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINO
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOVOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINO
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
 
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
 
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMY
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYVISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMY
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
 
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
 
GANDHI ON NON-VIOLENT POLICE
GANDHI ON NON-VIOLENT POLICEGANDHI ON NON-VIOLENT POLICE
GANDHI ON NON-VIOLENT POLICEIAEME Publication
 
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
 
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
 
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
 
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
 
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
 
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
 
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
 
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
 
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENT
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTA MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENT
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
 

More from IAEME Publication (20)

IAEME_Publication_Call_for_Paper_September_2022.pdf
IAEME_Publication_Call_for_Paper_September_2022.pdfIAEME_Publication_Call_for_Paper_September_2022.pdf
IAEME_Publication_Call_for_Paper_September_2022.pdf
 
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...
 
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURS
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSA STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURS
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURS
 
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURS
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSBROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURS
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURS
 
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONS
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSDETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONS
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONS
 
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONS
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONS
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONS
 
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINO
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOVOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINO
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINO
 
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...
 
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMY
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYVISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMY
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMY
 
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...
 
GANDHI ON NON-VIOLENT POLICE
GANDHI ON NON-VIOLENT POLICEGANDHI ON NON-VIOLENT POLICE
GANDHI ON NON-VIOLENT POLICE
 
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...
 
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...
 
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...
 
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...
 
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...
 
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...
 
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...
 
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...
 
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENT
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTA MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENT
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENT
 

Recently uploaded

Spring24-Release Overview - Wellingtion User Group-1.pdf
Spring24-Release Overview - Wellingtion User Group-1.pdfSpring24-Release Overview - Wellingtion User Group-1.pdf
Spring24-Release Overview - Wellingtion User Group-1.pdfAnna Loughnan Colquhoun
 
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 WorkshopNIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 WorkshopBachir Benyammi
 
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and HazardsComputer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and HazardsSeth Reyes
 
Comparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and Istio
Comparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and IstioComparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and Istio
Comparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and IstioChristian Posta
 
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership BlueprintEmpowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership BlueprintMahmoud Rabie
 
Babel Compiler - Transforming JavaScript for All Browsers.pptx
Babel Compiler - Transforming JavaScript for All Browsers.pptxBabel Compiler - Transforming JavaScript for All Browsers.pptx
Babel Compiler - Transforming JavaScript for All Browsers.pptxYounusS2
 
Linked Data in Production: Moving Beyond Ontologies
Linked Data in Production: Moving Beyond OntologiesLinked Data in Production: Moving Beyond Ontologies
Linked Data in Production: Moving Beyond OntologiesDavid Newbury
 
UWB Technology for Enhanced Indoor and Outdoor Positioning in Physiological M...
UWB Technology for Enhanced Indoor and Outdoor Positioning in Physiological M...UWB Technology for Enhanced Indoor and Outdoor Positioning in Physiological M...
UWB Technology for Enhanced Indoor and Outdoor Positioning in Physiological M...UbiTrack UK
 
Nanopower In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
Nanopower  In Semiconductor Industry.pdfNanopower  In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
Nanopower In Semiconductor Industry.pdfPedro Manuel
 
Do we need a new standard for visualizing the invisible?
Do we need a new standard for visualizing the invisible?Do we need a new standard for visualizing the invisible?
Do we need a new standard for visualizing the invisible?SANGHEE SHIN
 
Videogame localization & technology_ how to enhance the power of translation.pdf
Videogame localization & technology_ how to enhance the power of translation.pdfVideogame localization & technology_ how to enhance the power of translation.pdf
Videogame localization & technology_ how to enhance the power of translation.pdfinfogdgmi
 
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just MinutesAI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just MinutesMd Hossain Ali
 
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 6
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 6UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 6
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 6DianaGray10
 
9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team
9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team
9 Steps For Building Winning Founding TeamAdam Moalla
 
OpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability Adventure
OpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability AdventureOpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability Adventure
OpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability AdventureEric D. Schabell
 
Designing A Time bound resource download URL
Designing A Time bound resource download URLDesigning A Time bound resource download URL
Designing A Time bound resource download URLRuncy Oommen
 
Machine Learning Model Validation (Aijun Zhang 2024).pdf
Machine Learning Model Validation (Aijun Zhang 2024).pdfMachine Learning Model Validation (Aijun Zhang 2024).pdf
Machine Learning Model Validation (Aijun Zhang 2024).pdfAijun Zhang
 
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online CollaborationCOMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaborationbruanjhuli
 
UiPath Community: AI for UiPath Automation Developers
UiPath Community: AI for UiPath Automation DevelopersUiPath Community: AI for UiPath Automation Developers
UiPath Community: AI for UiPath Automation DevelopersUiPathCommunity
 
IESVE Software for Florida Code Compliance Using ASHRAE 90.1-2019
IESVE Software for Florida Code Compliance Using ASHRAE 90.1-2019IESVE Software for Florida Code Compliance Using ASHRAE 90.1-2019
IESVE Software for Florida Code Compliance Using ASHRAE 90.1-2019IES VE
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Spring24-Release Overview - Wellingtion User Group-1.pdf
Spring24-Release Overview - Wellingtion User Group-1.pdfSpring24-Release Overview - Wellingtion User Group-1.pdf
Spring24-Release Overview - Wellingtion User Group-1.pdf
 
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 WorkshopNIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
 
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and HazardsComputer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
 
Comparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and Istio
Comparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and IstioComparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and Istio
Comparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and Istio
 
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership BlueprintEmpowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
 
Babel Compiler - Transforming JavaScript for All Browsers.pptx
Babel Compiler - Transforming JavaScript for All Browsers.pptxBabel Compiler - Transforming JavaScript for All Browsers.pptx
Babel Compiler - Transforming JavaScript for All Browsers.pptx
 
Linked Data in Production: Moving Beyond Ontologies
Linked Data in Production: Moving Beyond OntologiesLinked Data in Production: Moving Beyond Ontologies
Linked Data in Production: Moving Beyond Ontologies
 
UWB Technology for Enhanced Indoor and Outdoor Positioning in Physiological M...
UWB Technology for Enhanced Indoor and Outdoor Positioning in Physiological M...UWB Technology for Enhanced Indoor and Outdoor Positioning in Physiological M...
UWB Technology for Enhanced Indoor and Outdoor Positioning in Physiological M...
 
Nanopower In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
Nanopower  In Semiconductor Industry.pdfNanopower  In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
Nanopower In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
 
Do we need a new standard for visualizing the invisible?
Do we need a new standard for visualizing the invisible?Do we need a new standard for visualizing the invisible?
Do we need a new standard for visualizing the invisible?
 
Videogame localization & technology_ how to enhance the power of translation.pdf
Videogame localization & technology_ how to enhance the power of translation.pdfVideogame localization & technology_ how to enhance the power of translation.pdf
Videogame localization & technology_ how to enhance the power of translation.pdf
 
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just MinutesAI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
 
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 6
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 6UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 6
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 6
 
9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team
9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team
9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team
 
OpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability Adventure
OpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability AdventureOpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability Adventure
OpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability Adventure
 
Designing A Time bound resource download URL
Designing A Time bound resource download URLDesigning A Time bound resource download URL
Designing A Time bound resource download URL
 
Machine Learning Model Validation (Aijun Zhang 2024).pdf
Machine Learning Model Validation (Aijun Zhang 2024).pdfMachine Learning Model Validation (Aijun Zhang 2024).pdf
Machine Learning Model Validation (Aijun Zhang 2024).pdf
 
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online CollaborationCOMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
 
UiPath Community: AI for UiPath Automation Developers
UiPath Community: AI for UiPath Automation DevelopersUiPath Community: AI for UiPath Automation Developers
UiPath Community: AI for UiPath Automation Developers
 
IESVE Software for Florida Code Compliance Using ASHRAE 90.1-2019
IESVE Software for Florida Code Compliance Using ASHRAE 90.1-2019IESVE Software for Florida Code Compliance Using ASHRAE 90.1-2019
IESVE Software for Florida Code Compliance Using ASHRAE 90.1-2019
 

20320130405010

  • 1. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND (Print), ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 5, September – October (2013), © IAEME TECHNOLOGY (IJCIET) ISSN 0976 – 6308 (Print) ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 5, September – October, pp. 88-98 © IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp Journal Impact Factor (2013): 5.3277 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com IJCIET ©IAEME A STUDY OF SEISMIC SAFETY OF DISTRICT HOSPITAL IN BARAMULLAH IN J&K Mohammad Adil Dar1, Prof (Dr) A.R. Dar2 , Saqib Fayaz 3, Jayalakshmi Raju4 1 PG Research Student, Department of Civil Engineering, SDDIET, Kurukshetra University, India 2 Professor & Head Department of Civil Engineering, NIT, Srinagar, India 3 Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, NIT, Srinagar, India 4 UG student, Department of Civil Engineering, MSRIT, Bangalore, India ABSTRACT The state of Jammu and Kashmir, with a total area of 222,236 sq. km., is located in the northern part of Indian subcontinent. Kashmir region falls in a high seismic hazard zone. On October 8, 2005, the Mw 7.6 earthquake occurring at a depth of 26 km, with epicenter at 34.6 0N, 73.0 0E near the town of Muzaffarabad, was felt throughout Pakistan and India and N.W frontier parts of Pakistan. The most severe impact of the earthquake was felt in the state of Jammu & Kashmir. About 90,000 households in the Kashmir Division and 8,000 households in the Jammu Division were greatly affected. In India there are about 80-90% of buildings which are non-engineered and are much vulnerable to damage due to earthquakes. In the state J&K presently the earthquake problem is the most important issue to be given serious consideration as it devastates societies. It is therefore, essential to introduce such features in the buildings so that catastrophic damages could be minimized. The Kashmir region has witnessed frequent earthquakes in the past. But the recent earthquakes demonstrated how extremely vulnerable the buildings in this region are. These earthquakes shook the confidence of many Kashmiri in local building materials and even in the techniques they had been using for centuries. During our project survey we analyzed that the immediate reaction of the people towards frequent earthquakes in the state has been a strong desire to abandon traditional architecture and building systems and adopt cement and steel based construction, but still there are large number of people whose spine has not shaken yet and while construction they do not seem to be aware of threats posed by earthquake. During our interactions with the people we concluded that the main reasons behind their negligence is lack of proper seismic knowledge among skilled workers like masons, carpenters, bar binders and lack of attention shown by government officials. At times even the practicing engineers are not adequately familiar with details of seismic resistant construction. 88
  • 2. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 5, September – October (2013), © IAEME Key Words: Catastrophic Damage, Non-Engineered Buildings, Traditional Architecture, Lack Of Engineered Proper Seismic Knowledge, Details Of Seismic Resistant Construction. INTRODUCTION The 8th October 2005 earthquake in Jammu and Kashmir clearly demonstrated the earthquake vulnerability profile of the state. Most of the losses in this earthquake have occurred due to collapse of buildings constructed in traditional materials like stone brick and wood, which were brick not engineered to be earthquake resistant. Construction of earthquake resistant new buildings alone is not the desired solution of the problem but there are as many as 90% of structures in J&K that need to be reviewed and retrofitted , especially those structures which have higher importance factor viz. hospitals, schools etc. As we know that just after the earthquake the first requirement to the injured people is to provide them medical facility and if hospitals collapse, how can we avoid the further loss of the life? It is not the ls earthquake that kills the people but the buildings that are meant for shelter becomes the trap and weapon for killing the people during earthquake. It is also evident that life becomes more miserable becomes when people become homeless especially in cold climate regions. Thus, the need of the hour is not only to design earthquake resistant structures but also retrofitting of seismically unsafe existing building in highly earthquake prone area areas Typical Rural Kashmiri Building CONCEPT OF INERTIA IN SEISMIC STUDY When an earthquake occurs, the first response of a building is not to move at all due to the inertia of the structures mass. Almost instantaneously, however, the acceleration of the ground causes the building to move sideways at the base causing a lateral load on the building and a shear force at the base, as though forces were being applied in the opposite direction. See Figure [a]. As the direction of the acceleration changes, the building begins to vibrate back and changes, forth. Theoretically, the force on the building can be found by using Newton’s law, which states that force equals mass times acceleration. Since the acceleration is established by the given earthquake, the greater the mass of the building, the greater the force acting on it. However, the acceleration of the building depends on another property of the structure, its natural period. If a building is deflected by a lateral force such as the wind or an earthquake, it moves from side to moves side. The period is the time in seconds it takes for a building to complete one full side side-to-side oscillation. See Figure (b). The period is dependent on the mass and the stiffness of the building. The goal of seismic design is to build a structure that can safely transfer the loads to the foundation and back to the ground and absorb some of the energy present rather than suffering 89
  • 3. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 5, September – October (2013), © IAEME damage. The ability of a structure to absorb some of the energy is known as ductility, which occurs when the building deflects in the inelastic range without failing or collapsing. The greater the ductility of a building, the greater is its capacity to absorb energy. Building motion during earthquake BEHAVIOUR OF MASONRY BUILDINGS TO GROUND MOTION Ground vibrations during earthquakes cause inertia forces at locations of mass in the building. These forces travel through the roof and walls to the foundation. The main emphasis is on ensuring that these forces reach the ground without causing major damage or collapse. Of the three without components of a masonry building (roof, wall and foundation) (Figure (a), the walls are most ( ) vulnerable to damage caused by horizontal forces due to earthquake. A wall topples down easily if pushed horizontally at the top in a direction perpendicular to its plane (termed weak direction), but lly offers much greater resistance if pushed along its length (termed strong direction) [Figure (b)]. ) FIG. (a) Flexural wall FIG. (b) Shear wall CATAGORISATION OF EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE STAGES IN LOAD BEARING MASONRY WALLS Diagonal crack from the corner opening. Stage I of Earthquake. damage . 90
  • 4. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 5, September – October (2013), © IAEME Stage I of Earthquake. Damage Minor damage at the roof base. Crack more than 10mm. Stage II of Earthquake. Damage Earthquake Wide crack in shear wall Stage II of Earthquake. Damage 91
  • 5. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 5, September – October (2013), © IAEME Collapse of large portion of wall Stage III of Earthquake. Damage Corner failure of coursed stone masonry building in mud mortar Stage III of Earthquake. Damage Total collapse Stage IV of Earthquake. Damage CASE STUDY Case studies are the best way to learn the practical aspects of the real life problems from the experience of others. They eliminate the need for reinvention, and a further benefit is that they can help build confidence in prevailing building systems. The purpose of presenting case studies in our project is to share the learning from cases that are relevant to the present day scenario of high level seismic risk in the state of Jammu & Kashmir. This chapter includes field survey of a government public building (DISTRICT HOSPITAL BARAMULLAH )in area of J&K. DISTRICT 92
  • 6. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 5, September – October (2013), © IAEME Front view of Distt. Hospital Baramulla The building is a typical double story load bearing masonry structure constructed in lime surkhi as mortar. The building is located at the bank of river Jhelum. SALIENT FEATURES IN ACCORDANCE WITH CODES (IS 4326-1993, IS 13828-1993) 4326 1. LIGHTNESS The building is light in weight, typically constructed in brick masonry. The weight has been reduced by providing large openings which is not desirable. Further the presence of timber roof truss also results in decrease in weight of the structure. 2. PROJECTION AND SUSPENDED PARTS Structural projecting parts are absent. A thin coat of Ceiling plaster is present. 3. CONTINUITY OF CONSTRUCTION The parts of the building were tied together in such a manner that the building acts as one unit. Concrete slab was integrally cast with the support beams. However, structural integrity is disturbed by using timber as wall infill material instead of brick masonry, as the adjacent columns have been constructed in brick masonry as shown in figure below. The short and the long wall of the building were integrally connected with each other by interlocking of masonry courses at the junctions. However, due to large openings the box action between all the elements of building has reduced considerably. Structural integrity disturbed by using timber as wall infill material, as the adjacent columns are of brick masonry Continuity of construction disturbed 93
  • 7. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 5, September – October (2013), © IAEME 4. BUILDING CONFIGURATION The building is symmetrical in plan with offsets at certain places, and further the length of the building exceeds thrice its width which is not in accordance with IS 4326-1993. And no 1993. seismic joint is provided. 5. OPENING IN BEARING WALLS Window openings are large in size and in most of the cases located at corners which is not in accordance with code as per clause 8.3.1 and figure 7 IS 4326-1993. Openings too close to 4326 . wall corners hamper the flow of forces from one wall to other. Further, large openings weaken walls from carrying inertial force in their own plane. Thus location and size of opening in hospital building reduce its seismic performance. Opening at corner reduces the interlocking between the two walls and hence hamper the flow of forces from one wall to other (a) Opening in bearing walls Large opening in shear and flexural walls weaken then from carrying inertial force in their own plane (b) Opening in bearing walls 6. HORIZONTAL BANDS Lintel band is provided over all the openings and is continuous. However, there is level difference at certain places. Level difference in lintel band which disturbs the structural integrity Discontinuous lintel band 94
  • 8. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 5, September – October (2013), © IAEME Roof band is provided and is necessary in building with CGI sheet roof, pitched or sloping roof. It provides firm connectivity between roof truss and the sub-structure sub structure Roof band provides firm connectivity between roof truss and sub structure Roof band 7. STAIRCASE The stair case is rigidly connected with the floors but no sliding joints were provided which according to clause 5.5.1 of IS 4326-1993 produces bracing effect on floors. The staircase 4326 provided was built in type staircase and was built monolithic with floors. However, the separated staircase should have been preferred which provides better performance during earthquake. 8. WORKMANSHIP The quality of workmanship in brickwork is fair, vertical joints have been successfully have avoided. However, for the sake of aesthetics toothed joints have not been properly provided which leads to development of vertical joints and hence shear cracks have occured as shown in figure below. Vertical joints have not been eliminated for the sake of aesthetics. This has proven fetal as shown. 95
  • 9. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 5, September – October (2013), © IAEME Only patch work done (after 2005 Eqk.) and no retrofitting measures have been incorporated Workmanship 9. BRICK NOGGEDED TIMBER FRAME CONSTRUCTION The wall construction consists of timber studs and corner posts framed into sills, top plates ruction and wall plates. Horizontal struts and diagonal braces are used to stiffen the frame against lateral loads as shown in figure. The building in our assessment lacks diagonal braces which reduce the braces strength of the frame as shown in figure below. Brick Nogged Timber Frame Dhajji wall. 96 No bracing provided which renders wall weak in strength
  • 10. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 5, September – October (2013), © IAEME 10. FIRE SAFETY Burnt bricks have inherent fire safety but use of timber as construction material imposes severe fire threat to the building. CONCLUSION It is quite pondering that even for a rider riding motorcycle; it has been put mandatory on his part to wear a helmet just for his safety or even for buildings certain building bylaws have been provisioned which need to be abided. These objectives are solely attributed for the safety and well being of the public on the whole and refraining them from landing into any inconvenience. Thus in this regard our domain i.e. the analysis made by us in regard of the earth quake too need to be given a broader dimension like this. Its importance should be given a due domain in familiarizing the message about the very same. Also certain measures should be taken by the Structural Designers on the mandatory lines which would take into account not only raising the structures but raising them with strength to mobilize the ill effects of the earthquake so that even if a structure fails at least it should be in a position to alarm the people so that in the elapsed time they could make a safe passage. The need of an hour is to produce low cost but earthquake resistant structures in severe and severe most seismic zones and J&K being the most earthquake prone area, we and all other engineers of the valley should understand that it is the masonry that would prove to be economical construction on one hand and earthquake resistant on the other hand, provided an engineering approach to the said material is adopted REFERENCES IS 4326:1993 “Earthquake Resistant Design and Construction of Buildings Code of Practice?” 2. IS 13828:1993 “Improving Earthquake Resistance of Low Strength Masonry Buildings Guidelines.” 3. IS 1893(PART-I):1993 “Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures Part 1 General provisions and Buildings”. 4. Earthquake Resistant Design, by S.K. Duggal. 5. IITK-BMTPC Earthquake Tips. 6. A manual of Earthquake Resistant Non- Engineered Construction .Indian Society Of Earthquake Technology, Roorkee 2001. 7. Manual for Restoration and Retrofitting of Rural Structures in Kashmir 2007. 8. Report on the 8th October 2005, Kashmir Earthquake, Amita sinvhal, Ashok D. Pandey & Sachin M. Pore. IIT ROORKEE. 9. “Masonry Codes and specifications, “International Conference on Building Officials, 10. “Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures,” ACI 530/ASCE 5? TMS 402 ACI. Detroit; ASCE New York, Boulder, 1992. 11. Mohammed S. Al-Ansari, “Building Response to Blast and Earthquake Loading”, International Journal of Civil Engineering & Technology (IJCIET), Volume 3, Issue 2, 2012, pp. 327 - 346, ISSN Print: 0976 – 6308, ISSN Online: 0976 – 6316. Web sites www.sciencedirect.com, www.nicee.org, www.bmtpc.org, www.geocites.com. 1. 97
  • 11. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 5, September – October (2013), © IAEME M ADIL DAR The Author has received his B.E(Hons) in Civil Engineering from M.S.R.I.T Bangalore. He is presently pursuing his M-Tech in Structural Engineering in Kurukshetra University. The Author has published papers in numerous peer reviewed journals and International Conferences. His research interests include Earthquake Engineering, Bridge Engineering & Steel Structures. His is the Life Member of ISE,ISET,ICI,ISCE,SEFI & IAEME & Member of IASE,ACCE,ISSE,ASCE,ACI & IRC. Prof (Dr) A.R.DAR The Author has received his B.E in R.E.C Srinagar (Presently N.I.T Srinagar), M.E(Hons) in Structural Engineering from I.I.T Roorkee & Ph.d in Earthquake Engineering from University of Bristol U.K under prestigious Commonwealth Scholarship Award. He is presently working as a Distinguished Professor & Head of Civil Engineering Department in N.I.T Srinagar. . The Author has published papers in several International journals & Conferences..His research areas include Earthquake Resistant Design, Tall Structures, Structural Dynamics, RCC design, Steel Design, Prestressed Design. He is the life member of several professional bodies in structural engineering. He is presently the senior most professor in NIT & holds many administrative responsibilities in the same institution. JAYALAKSHMI RAJU The Author is pursuing her B.E (Final Year) in Civil Engineering in M.S.Ramaiah Institute of Technology Bangalore. She has published many papers in numerous peer reviewed journals and International Conferences. She has presented technical papers in many State & National Level Technical Events. She has also participated in many technical events like cube casting & technical debates. Her research interests include Steel Design, RCC Design & Bridge Engineering. 98