Performance analysis of mobile ad hoc network

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS AND
International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 –
6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October- December (2012), © IAEME
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (IJECET)
ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print)
ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online)
Volume 3, Issue 3, October- December (2012), pp. 68-83
IJECET
© IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijecet.asp
Journal Impact Factor (2012): 3.5930 (Calculated by GISI) ©IAEME
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PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORK USED
FOR TRAFFIC MONITORING APPLICATION

Manoj Tolani
Assistant Professor
PSIT-College of Engineering, Kanpur
manoj9721@gmail.com

Arti Saxena
Assistant Professor (HOD ECE)
PSIT-College of Engineering, Kanpur
arti.saxena@psit.in
ABSTRACT

The main focus of our research work is to analyze performance of MANET network for remote
area. We suggest various important applications of MANET & finally design MANET for one of
these applications. We discuss MANET network for traffic monitoring application. In our
research work we compare performance of different routing protocol for FTP service. We
increase density of traffic, change the mobility of vehicles and analyze the network.
Keywords: AODV, OLSR, DSR, MANET, FTP, HTTP

1. INTRODUCTION

MANET stands for Mobile Ad-Hoc network. It is a type of self-configurable wireless network.
MANET not needs any vital infrastructure or fixed infrastructure. It does not need any
centralized support services so that it is type of self-configurable devices, MANET consist of
various Mobile nodes router and wireless connection devices such as Wi-Fi. MANET not needs
any vital infrastructure or fixed infrastructure. MANET is become very popular in last few years
due to its importance in research field. Due to its property of network self-configuration it is used
in the places where urgent need of network connection. So that this type of network is used in
disaster areas where infrastructure is totally damaged, such as flood affected areas, places where
satellites are not capable to cover the area, in battlefield to identify the movement of the army. In
this paper our main focus to analyze the network for traffic monitoring application. We increase
the density of traffic and also increase load by varying inter-arrival time.
When designing MANET network for analysis we use various trajectories, mobility profile &
propagation model. We also use terrain profile to make analysis more real.

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6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October December (2012), © IAEME
October-

2. MANET NETWORK FOR TRAFFIC MONITORING APPLICATION

We can also use MANET for traffic monitoring application as shown in figure1 & 2. On
figure
crossings we need to determine traffic on the road and pass traffic through signals of the road
have maximum traffic (figure 1) On Highway vehicles are moving with high speeds, on these
).
roads sometimes accidents of vehicles take place or sometimes vehicles not follow traffic rules,
times
in that case camera mounted on the central of road sometimes not capable to capture the images
of distant vehicles. In that case MANET is very useful, we form MANET by m mounting camera
on each of the vehicles and these moving vehicles capture the images at definite interval and
transfer these images from node to node to the central sink node (figure 2).

Figure 2.1. Vehicles work as mobile nodes & sink node is at the crossing
.

Figure 2.2. Vehicles work as mobile nodes & sink node is between the road
. road.

3. WLAN & OTHER PARAMETERS

For analysis purpose we use various common parameters to analyze the network as shown in
table below.

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SIMULATION PARAMETERS
No. Of Nodes 31,51, 71,101
Simulation time 600 sec
ROUTING MAC PROTOCOL
Routing Protocol AODV,OLSR,DSR
MAC Protocol 802.11b
Data Rate 11Mbps
RADIO CHARACTERISTICS
Transmitted Power 5mW
Packet Reception Power Threshold -95dBm
MANET FTP TRAFFIC GENERATION PARAMETERS
Command Mix 0%
Inter request Time 1, 2, 3 & 4 sec
File Size 10 KB
MOBILITY PROFILE
Mobility type Default Random Waypoint Mobility
Speed Uniform_int 10,40,80 m/s
Pause Time 100 sec
TRAJECTORY PROFILE
Propagation Model Free Space
Terrain data Type DTED

Table 3.1: Various parameters set for MANET network

4. ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS IMPORTANT PARAMETERS

We design MANET for traffic monitoring application. When designing MANET for this
applications its performance depend several important parameters, we analyze each parameters
for different routing protocols. The important parameters that affect the MANET performance
for these applications are discussed below.
1) Increasing number of Nodes
2) Mobility of Nodes
3) Increasing Traffic

4.1 INCREASING NUMBER OF NODES

For analysis we take several scenarios by changing number of nodes & compare their
performance. Initially there are 31 nodes in a MANET network, we increase number of nodes
and check their performance. We are also analyzing MANET performance for different routing
protocols.

4.2 MOBILITY OF NODES
In a MANET, mobile nodes are small in size (Mobile Phones, Laptops etc.) and so that there
antenna size is also small as compared to surrounding objects. As we already discussed its
application in flood affected areas, in battlefield, in urban areas where the surrounding objects

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always cause the problem. Movement of mobile nodes also causes the problem of fading and
multipath propagation. Fading is used to describe the rapid fluctuation of amplitude, phase or
multiple delays of a radio signal over a short period of time. These waves called multipath
waves.

4.3 INCREASING TRAFFIC

We can increase traffic by decreasing inter-arrival time of packet generation, so that we take 66
nodes MANET network. The inter-arrival time of packet generation in first case is 10 sec and
then we reduce it to 2, 0.4, 0.08, 0.02 sec. As we reduce interval of two packets more packets are
generated in same duration and traffic increases. In traffic monitoring application if the vehicles
generate more snapshots it may be possible that buffer overflow take place of nodes and loss of
information. Because these vehicles (nodes) work as a router, so they store snapshots taken by
them and also store snapshots taken by other nodes when routing the traffic. So it is very
important to determine how much traffic they can store and transmit without loss of traffic
information.

4.4 MANET NETWORK DESIGN FOR TRAFFIC MONITORING
APPLICATION
To design MANET network for traffic monitoring application we take 40 nodes MANET
structure in which internodes average distance 15-20m. We assume that central node provide
service to the bounded area of 275m*150m. There are 40 moving vehicles work as mobile node
form MANET network, each vehicle moving with speed of 50m/s and mounted camera to take
snapshots. Let us consider that each snapshot is of the size of 10KB. As we discuss earlier that
central node work as a FTP server all nodes upload image to FTP server.

5. DATA ANALYSIS BASED ON SIMULATION RESULTS
We analyze the data step by step from simulation results. In each case we describe simulation
parameters set for simulations, various other parameters also describe that are same for all
simulations.
5.1 EFFECT OF INCREASING NUMBER OF NODES
As from the results it is clear that if the density of nodes increases in any particular area than
traffic also increases. Due to more traffic network load also increases, If the medium is
congestion less increasing the load cause increase in throughput While if the channel is
congested, increase in load cause decrease in throughput and so that data dropped increases. We
take average value of throughput but it is not so smooth at the duration when collision count
increase throughput reduces. On increasing the no. of nodes obviously more traffic is generated
and so that throughput increases but it is become isolated because network has a limited capacity
to hold the traffic and then data loss take place. Also some collision count also increases due to
increasing traffic and throughput reduces from its actual value. Closely observing the results it is
clear that as the no. of nodes increases traffic also increases and so that network overhead, in
case of AODV routing protocol data drop increases as no. of nodes increases and delay also
increases. In case of AODV have less than 50 nodes having very less delay and suitable for real
time applications. AODV is a reactive routing protocol so that delay due to route formation also
cause problem in real time operations for heavy traffic. In case of DSR, throughput is too low
when there is less no. of nodes this is due to it maintains large cache (route information table) to

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October-

store data for transmission [4]. Also due to large cache delay is also higher. As in this network
nodes are not moving (stationary nodes) so that performance of OLSR routing protocol is better
as compare to other routing protocol, because it is table driven routing protocol and so route is
already formed and so that it have no route discovery delay. OLSR produces no data dropped
OLSR
due to buffer overflow and due to retry threshold. We analyze the MANET network for self-
similar traffic (Table 5.1.1.1). Load increases with increasing no. of nodes. Finally we can say
that OLSR perform better than AODV and DS DSR.

Figure 5.1.1: Throughput comparison of AODV

Figure 5.1.2: Delay comparison of AODV

Figure 5.1
ure 5.1.3: Throughput comparison of DSR

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Figure 5.1.4: Delay Comparison of DSR

Figure 5.1.5: Throughput comparison of OLSR

Figure 5.1.6: Delay Comparison of OLSR

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No. of Throughp Load Delay Data dropped Data dropped
Nodes ut (kbps) (kbps) (mili sec) Bufferoverflow Retrythreshold

31 2400 140 1 0kbps 0kbps
AODV

51 9600 380 5 0 0
71 21000 750 10 0 25
101 22000 1150 25000 270 16000
31 50 50 1 0 0
DSR

51 85 85 3 0 10
71 21000 750 10 0 25
101 800 2300 52000 1800 18000
31 500 55 0.35 --No-- --No--
51 2500 110 0.44 --No-- --No--
OLSR

71 7200 175 0.5 --No-- --No--
101 18000 300 0.62 --No-- --No--
121 31500 400 0.7 --No-- --No--
131 38500 450 0.74 --No-- --No--
Table 5.1.1: Data analysis from Simulation results

5.2 EFFECT OF MOBILITY OF NODES

From the results it is clear that in AODV as the speed of the nodes increases throughput reduces
and so that initially there delay is larger as initially throughput is same and due to movement of
nodes new route formation take place so that there overhead of route request message cause
delay in packet transmission, so that initially delay increases but after that throughput reduces
due to movement of node and delay also reduces. Similarly performance of OLSR also degraded
as the speed of nodes increases and at high speeds very sharp change in speed take place, delay is
not much affected by speed as the time passes delay reduces as throughput also reduces and
much of the data is dropped. In both AODV and OLSR load is lower as compared to the
throughput. But in case of DSR for the same traffic throughput is much lower with respect to
load, this is due to DSR feel congested channel as it maintains maintain large cache (route
information table) to store transmission data, frequent changes due to high mobility need to
periodically updating and so that delay increases but also more nodes become in communication
range and multipath channel of outdated or state route information in forwarding packet
increases, so that its throughput also increase as speed increases but although it is lower with
respect to the OLSR & AODV. Below color codes are given.

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Figure 5.2.2: Delay comparison of OLSR

Figure 5.2.3 Throughput comparison of AODV
5.2.3:

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Figure 5.2.5: Throughput comparison of DSR

Figure 5.2.6: Delay comparison of DSR

At lower speed performance of OLSR is better while at higher speed performance of AODV is
better in terms of delay and throughput.

5.3 EFFECT OF INCREASING TRAFFIC
From the results it is clear that in case of OLSR delay is much lower as compared to DSR &
AODV. As the traffic increases throughput increases but large traffic cause increase in collision
count & so that reduction in throughput. Data analysis from simulation results is shown in Table
5.1.3.1. From the results it is also clear that OLSR is less sensitive to increase in traffic, it can
handle large traffic as compared to AODV.

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Figure 5.3.2 Delay comparison of OLSR
5.3.2:

Figure 5.3.3 Throughput comparison of AODV
5.3.3:

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Figure 5.3.5: Throughput comparison of DSR

Figure 5.3.6: Delay comparison of DSR

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Inter Through Load Delay Data Dropped Data dropped
arrival -put (kbps) (milisec) Bufferoverflow Retry threshold
Time(s (kbps) (kbps) (kbps)
ec)
10 6000 250 10 --No-- --No--
2 17000 500 10 --No-- --No--
AODV

0.4 14000 1100 19 --No-- --No--
0.08 13000 1800 21 --No-- --No--
0.02 12000 2800 21 2100 1500
10 6600 200 0.5 0 0.005
2 6600 250 0.5 0 0.010
OLSR

0.4 6900 500 0.6 280 10
0.08 7400 1200 1.9 1000 1150
0.02 2000 3200 16 2000 1250
10 30 2 10 0 0.010
2 70 55 10 0 0.010
DSR

0.4 700 2200 35000 1800 10.2
0.08 750 3900 32000 3200 12
0.02 780 8200 30000 7800 12
Table 5.3.1: Data analysis from Simulation results

5.4 MANET NETWORK DESIGN FOR TRAFFIC MONITORING
APPLICATION FOR FTP SERVICE

As shown in figure data dropped take place when inter arrival time is 1s and in case of 2s, 3s
&4s very negligible amount of data dropped take place so that throughput is lower in case of 1s.
We analyze the results for two routing protocol AODV & OLSR for same traffic. From the final
results we get that OLSR perform better & having no data dropped, but due to mobility routing
overhead cause reduction in throughput. Although OLSR perform better, but for high speeds as
we discuss later that performance much degraded in OLSR with respect to AODV.

Inter-arrival time 1 sec 2 sec 3 sec 4 sec
Color code

Figure 5.4.1: Throughput comparison of FTP (AODV)

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Figure 5.4.2: Delay comparison of FTP (AODV)

Figure 5.4.3: Throughput comparison of FTP (OLSR)

Figure 5.4.4: Delay comparison of FTP (OLSR)

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FTP
AODV OLSR
THROUGHPUT 5800kbps 4200kbps
8000kbps 2900kbps
7000kbps 2400kbps
6200kbps 2100kbps

DATA DROPPED 50kbps 0kbps
(BUFFER OVERFLOW)
0.5kbps 0kbps
0.1kbps 0kbps
0.005kbps 0kbps
DELAY 1000ms 6ms
11ms 1.8ms
7ms 1.2ms
5ms 1ms
Table 5.4.1: Data analysis of different services

From the results it is clear that for self-similar traffic Ftp Service performs better than Http
Service both in terms of delay and data dropped. Ftp with OLSR is best for application but
throughput is better for AODV so that we prefer OLSR with FTP service for real time
applications and for non-real time application we prefer AODV.

6. CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE

From the complete analysis of results it is clear that for real time operations OLSR performance
is best while in terms of throughput AODV perform best but non-real time applications. So for
traffic monitoring application we can use AODV while in battlefield application OLSR perform
better. Results also show that FTP has larger delay but higher throughput so we use it for traffic
monitoring application.
In our research work we end the work with the idea of MANET design for rural area for internet
connectivity. In future we can design a real model of MANET based internet for rural areas; we
also analyze the network performance of this network & compare performance for different
services. In future we can also design MANET network by using WI-Max technology IEEE
802.16, which has another important qualities which improve the performance of MANET
network.

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