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Wireless Networking for Science in Africa Workshop



ICT for food and environmental security in Africa


                                  Simone Sala
              Postdoctoral Research Scholar at Columbia University
       Senior Research Fellow at MIT International Development Initiative




                                     March 21, 2013
            International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) – Trieste, Italy
Index
1. Introduction: state of the art in ICT4D

2. Partnerships in ICT4D: opportunities for broader
   impact

3. ICT contribution to Food Security & ARD
   a. Climate-smarter agriculture
   b. Smallholder-inclusive value chains
   c. High-potential ICT applications for FS & ARD

4. ICT contribution to Environmental Security
   a. What is Environmental Security
   b. Why does it matter for Africa?
   c. How can ICT help?
1


                 ICT4D: where are we?

• Widespread expansion of ICT access figures
    – Cheaper access to mobile/broadband services
    – Improved ease of use


• Rise of the social web

• Mobile phones as the personal gateway for work/life
1
           ICT4D: where are we?
    (Let’s not forget ICT4D Dark side..)
1
            ICT4D: where are we?
     (Let’s not forget ICT4D Dark side..)
• “Widespread expansion of ICT access figures”
    – Still, various kinds of digital divides

• “Rise of the social web” and participation
    – Content issues?

• Devices’ availability (e.g. mobile phones)
    – Waste management issues?
    – Rush to natural resources to build devices?


• Proliferation of portals, lack of sustainability and proven impact
    – ‘Solutions seeking problems’ approach

• ICT feeding inequalities at various levels
1


          ICT4D: where do we go now?

• Horizontal ICT4D is likely to split in vertical sub-sectors
    – ICT for Education, Health, Governance, Agriculture, Natural Resources
      Management, Conflict Prevention/Resolution…


• Technology will become the minor limiting factor in ICT4D
  initiatives

• Web 2.0 ICT4D: from social conversation to engagement to impact-
  driven social networking

• Borders likely to blur: Research/Practice, Profit/NonProfit,
  Public/Private, North/South
1

          ICT4D: where do we go now?
      (i.e. implication for Professionals/ORGs)
• Repositioning in appropriate ICT4D niches
    – ICT for AgriFood likely to grow in figures and expand across
      Developed/Developing regions


• Rising importance of Facilitation/Mediation skills in ICT4D projects
    – Among must-haves: credibility with partners, capacity to catalyze action of
      stakeholders from different fields, ability to shape relevant information
      flows, power to develop local-to-global value-added networks


• Survival of the fittest: quickest and most engaged organizations
    – Strengthen social presence to enable broader impact and expanded reach of
      ICT4D programmes
    – Social Networks to spot and surf big waves (of innovation)
2


     Partnerships in ICT(4D): key for success
                               Regional level: Foster integration of
                              infrastructure, markets, aid initiatives

    National/Local level: Increase                               Global level: Set up open data
            organizational                                       repositories and link them to
                                               Publi
      efficiency/effectiveness                                researchers/developers/companies
                                                 c

                                               ICT(4D
                                     HEIs         )         Private
                                               Player



                                            Non & Inter-
                                               GOs
2


    Partnerships in ICT(4D): key for success


                                           Private sector doing business:
                           Publi           increasing efficiency (market
                             c             integration, value-chain
                                           optimization)
                           ICT(4D                      Private sector doing
                 HEIs         )        Private        non-profit: facilitating
                           Player
                                                       knowledge sharing

                                           Private sector doing both:
                        Non & Inter-
                                             Innovation/Tech hubs
                           GOs
2


    Partnerships in ICT(4D): key for success



                            Publi
                              c

                            ICT(4D
                 HEIs          )        Private
                            Player



                        Non & Inter-
                           GOs


                 Advocacy            Awareness raising
2


     Partnerships in ICT(4D): key for success



                                     Publi
    Not only efficiency,               c
      > insights too
                                     ICT(4D
                           HEIs         )        Private
                                     Player
     Systematization
      & Innovation
                                  Non & Inter-
     Broader impact                  GOs
3
    ICT contributions to Agricultural & Rural
      Development (ICT4ARD): interactions




                        Food Security

                                    Smallholder-
            Climate-smart
                                   inclusive value
             Agriculture
                                       chains
3a


     Case #1: ICT for climate-smart agriculture

ICT can be a catalyzer for:

• Awareness raising on global/local climate issues
     – Dissemination of climate change awareness messages via low/high tech

• Monitoring of climate parameters and climate-driven natural resources
     – Smartphone, sensors, remote sensing integration as a two-way channel for
       monitoring

• Climate change Mitigation
     – Support establishment of mitigation practices, track impact of carbon
       sequestration initiatives

• Adaptation to climate change
     – Information systems to map vulnerabilities, strengthen agricultural system
       resilience to shocks, disseminate short-term information, share knowledge
                     A system approach to climate-smart agriculture
3b
         Case #2: Smallholders-inclusive
              value chains via ICTs

                                Sustainable
                                Partnership             AgriBusiness
     Producers
                                                         Companies

ICT-powered strategies: a catalyzer to make local system competitive
• Include trusted channels and InfoMediaries
     – Capacity strengthening
     – Technology adoption
     – Community ownership mechanisms
• Set up ad hoc Communication systems (i.e. monitor production,
  facilitate transactions, enable traceability, support branding)
• Integrate management tools (e.g. logistics, process management)
3c
     Shaping the future: examples of high-
     potential ICT applications for FS/ARD

• Big Data for improving weather insurance
• Gamification approaches applied to Development issues
• From Knowledge to Geo-Knowledge to support Extension
  services
• Cloud computing for improving efficiency, reducing time-
  to-market, increasing income
      – Link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=snZPevfRuus
3c
  Big Data for climate-smart agriculture, food
security and smallholder-inclusive value chains

• Next Decade: 44 times as much data and content
     – 35 zettabytes in 2020!


• Farmers needs better forecast
• Weather insurance companies needs (better) weather data

• Both Public and Private sector can reap benefits
• Positive side-effects to Global/Local Research

• Key enablers:
     – Extension agents a privileged facilitator
     – Mobile infrastructure/phones as a gateway
     – Facilitators to create the suitable environment
4a

           Environmental security: what is it?

• What is security?
     – The meaning of security changes across time

• Different interpretation of environmental
  security
     – Environment as key for National Security
     – The end of the Cold War and the transition
       of Environment in the Military
        • Military
                                                          Global
        • Inter-dependence                                Warming
     – Environmental scarcity as a trigger for conflict
     – Environment as a driver of cooperation
4a
                 Environmental security: what is it?
              Climate change vs Environmental Security

      • Current scenario: climate change and the re-ignition
        of the debate
Negative impacts
• Increasing water scarcity                                 Positive impacts
• Decreasing agri. productivity                             • Areas will experience benefits!
                                              Climate       • Need for joint initiative to
• Higher frequency and
                                              Change           mitigate/adapt
   intensity of natural disasters
• …                                                         • …




                                                        •    Mitigation of effects in the ‘global
•    Increasing competition
                                                             balance’
•    Migration from rural to urban areas
                                                        •    Increase in technical/political
     or abroad
                                                             cooperation
•    Threat to economic growth
                                                        •    Greener production
•    Distrust between North/South countries
4a
           Environmental security: what is it?
     Environment as driver of conflict vs. cooperation

 • Negative pole: driver of conflict
     – Cross-border water & grazing rights:
         • Senegal vs Mauritania Border War (1991)
     – Land distribution
         • Chiapas, Mexico (1994)
     – Access to water/land
         • Soccer War Honduras/El Salvador (1969)


 • Positive pole: source of cooperation
     – 1950-2000: 1228 cooperative events vs 507 conflict episodes in water
       management.
     – Technical cooperation on Water: EXACT-ME (Jordan, Israel, Palestine)
     – “Peace Parks” (?)
         • KAZA, Great Limpopo TF Park, Ai-Ais/Richtersveld TF Park
         • Siachen Glacier, northern Kashmir
4b              Environmental security: why does it
                        matter in Africa?
                 Environmental conflicts in Africa

 • 22 recorded conflicts (1980-2005)

 • Clear evidence of land degradation &
   water scarcity in fueling conflict

 • Migrations sometimes make conflicts
   escalate in neighboring countries

 • Sahel hotspot: often systematic/collective
   violence
     • Land distribution typical driving factor
        for conflicts




Source: Carius et al. (2006)
4b             Environmental security: why does it
                       matter in Africa?
                      The impact of climate change

     • Higher water stress in N/S Africa; < water stress in E/O Africa
         – Broadly 75-250M affected in 2020

     • High risk of higher food insecurity
         – Exceptions: Ethiopia, Mozambique

     • Increasing stress on infrastructures & economies (due to sea-level
       rise & environmental refugees)

     • Different distribution of diseases (e.g. malaria in E/S Africa)

     • Open questions: Sudano-Sahelian area, extreme events?
4b   Environmental security: why does it
             matter in Africa?
         The impact of climate change
4b   Environmental security: why does it matter
                     in Africa?
           Water, Energy, Food (WEF) Nexus
4b      Environmental security: why does it matter
                        in Africa?
               Water, Energy, Food (WEF) Nexus

     • Increasing population and higher quality of life
     • Increasing water, food & energy demand:
       +30/50% between 2010-2030
     • Inequalities push for short-term answers that can
       jeopardize medium/long-term sustainability
     • “Any strategy that focuses on one part of the
       water-food-energy nexus without considering its
       interconnections risks serious unintended
       consequences”.
                           (World Economic Forum, 2011)
4b           Environmental security: why does it
                     matter in Africa?
                 African richness to be capitalized

     • Cooperation & success stories
       –   Africa covered by transboundary basins for 62%
       –   2 or + countries sharing 80 basins
       –   150 agreements, 10 River Basin Organizations
       –   Various Transboundary Conservation Protected Areas
           & Peace Parks

     • Conflict Resolution normative tools
       – African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and
         Natural Resources
       – International Conference on the Great Lakes Region
       – RBOs
4c

     Environmental security: how can ICTs help?


                               Record data
                             and information




           INFORMATION &      Transform data
           COMMUNICATION      and information
            TECHNOLOGY        into knowledge




                                Broadcast &
                               Communicate
                              Information and
                                 Knowledge
4c

       Environmental security: how can ICTs help?

                                                                    Broadcast &
       Record data      Transform data and information             Communicate
     and information            into knowledge                    Information and
                                                                     Knowledge



                           Analysis &            Implementation         Capacity
       Observation                                     &               Building &
                       Strategic Planning
                                                  Management           Networking


                           Conflict                                      Knowledge
                          Prevention                                      Sharing
                                                    Decision
                                                    Support
        Natural            Conflict
       Resources          Resolution                                     Upscaling
       Monitoring
                                                   Resources
                                                  Management
                                                                          Crowd-
                         Environmental
                                                                          sourced
                         Peacebuilding
                                                                         monitoring
4c
     Environmental security: how can ICTs help?
                 Some examples

     • End-to-end conflict-sensitive water
       management via ICT

     • Geomatics for mapping environmental
       security hot-spots

     • Capacity Building & Networking via ICT for
       natural resources management
4c
     Environmental security: how can ICTs help?
               Water management

     • Three main services ICT can offer

     1. Monitor the state of water, including quality and use, for
        conflict prevention
        – Shared water data bank in Jordan/Israel/Palestine for climate
          adaptation

     2. Collaboration and networking for conflict resolution
        – Conflict over the use of Syr Darya & Amu Darya rivers among
          Upstream countries (Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan) and Downstream
          countries (Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan)
            • Graph Model for Conflict Resolution, GMCR - Scenario Analysis
              confirmed the existing treaty as the most favourable for the countries
4c
     Environmental security: how can ICTs help?
               Water management

     • Three main services ICTs can offer

     3. Support to policy making towards a sustainable
        use of water resources & post-conflict recovery
       – USAID-sponsored DSS to manage water quality
         degradation in Upper Litani River, Lebanon
       – Remote Sensing, DSS & GeoDB to plan equitable
         management of Bung Boraphet water basin, Thailand
       – Participatory GIS to design water service provision in
         peri-urban post-conflict Angola
4c
     Environmental security: how can ICTs help?
                    Geomatics

      • Identification of environmental
        scarcity hot spots
        – Mount Kenya
        – Bordering areas with Ethiopia and Somalia (east
          of lake Turkana)
        – Mount Elgon – Lake Victoria
        – Mombasa


        A case study on Kenya @ my Lab: GeoLab, University of Milan (Bocchi et al. 2006)
4c
     Environmental security: how can ICTs help?
                    Geomatics

                                                  Wajiri
                                                 Conflict
                                                 1992-95




                                                  Pokomo/
                                                   Orma
                                                  Clashes
                                                   2000
  Inter-State
 Cooperation



                   A case study on Kenya, 2006
4c
     Environmental security: how can ICTs help?
           Capacity building & networking

     • International level
        – Strauss Center CCAPS,
          http://ccaps.aiddata.org/conflict


     • Local level
        – SNA-K (Kenya): land access related conflict mitigation
          via open forums, radio, workshops and SMS-Based
          Violence Prevention & Education
        – Babati, Tanzania (Mandara, 2007): PGIS for land
          conflict mitigation
Conclusions
• The shape of ICT4D is likely to change a lot
   • ICT4D  ICT4Dx!

• ICT does/can already play a difference to
  support food and environmental security

• WEF nexus will be core driving force to be
  targeted for medium/long-term Sustainable
  Development (not only in Africa!)

• To lead the way in ICT4Dx Actors will need to:
   • Be innovation rather than ICT oriented
   • Strengthen theirs facilitation skills
   • Develop a cross-pollination prone attitude
4c

     For further information, link, advice, et al.




                                 Simone Sala

                                 • Web: www.simonesala.it
                                 • Twitter: @hereissimone

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ICT for Food and Environmental Security in Africa

  • 1. Wireless Networking for Science in Africa Workshop ICT for food and environmental security in Africa Simone Sala Postdoctoral Research Scholar at Columbia University Senior Research Fellow at MIT International Development Initiative March 21, 2013 International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) – Trieste, Italy
  • 2. Index 1. Introduction: state of the art in ICT4D 2. Partnerships in ICT4D: opportunities for broader impact 3. ICT contribution to Food Security & ARD a. Climate-smarter agriculture b. Smallholder-inclusive value chains c. High-potential ICT applications for FS & ARD 4. ICT contribution to Environmental Security a. What is Environmental Security b. Why does it matter for Africa? c. How can ICT help?
  • 3. 1 ICT4D: where are we? • Widespread expansion of ICT access figures – Cheaper access to mobile/broadband services – Improved ease of use • Rise of the social web • Mobile phones as the personal gateway for work/life
  • 4. 1 ICT4D: where are we? (Let’s not forget ICT4D Dark side..)
  • 5. 1 ICT4D: where are we? (Let’s not forget ICT4D Dark side..) • “Widespread expansion of ICT access figures” – Still, various kinds of digital divides • “Rise of the social web” and participation – Content issues? • Devices’ availability (e.g. mobile phones) – Waste management issues? – Rush to natural resources to build devices? • Proliferation of portals, lack of sustainability and proven impact – ‘Solutions seeking problems’ approach • ICT feeding inequalities at various levels
  • 6. 1 ICT4D: where do we go now? • Horizontal ICT4D is likely to split in vertical sub-sectors – ICT for Education, Health, Governance, Agriculture, Natural Resources Management, Conflict Prevention/Resolution… • Technology will become the minor limiting factor in ICT4D initiatives • Web 2.0 ICT4D: from social conversation to engagement to impact- driven social networking • Borders likely to blur: Research/Practice, Profit/NonProfit, Public/Private, North/South
  • 7. 1 ICT4D: where do we go now? (i.e. implication for Professionals/ORGs) • Repositioning in appropriate ICT4D niches – ICT for AgriFood likely to grow in figures and expand across Developed/Developing regions • Rising importance of Facilitation/Mediation skills in ICT4D projects – Among must-haves: credibility with partners, capacity to catalyze action of stakeholders from different fields, ability to shape relevant information flows, power to develop local-to-global value-added networks • Survival of the fittest: quickest and most engaged organizations – Strengthen social presence to enable broader impact and expanded reach of ICT4D programmes – Social Networks to spot and surf big waves (of innovation)
  • 8. 2 Partnerships in ICT(4D): key for success Regional level: Foster integration of infrastructure, markets, aid initiatives National/Local level: Increase Global level: Set up open data organizational repositories and link them to Publi efficiency/effectiveness researchers/developers/companies c ICT(4D HEIs ) Private Player Non & Inter- GOs
  • 9. 2 Partnerships in ICT(4D): key for success Private sector doing business: Publi increasing efficiency (market c integration, value-chain optimization) ICT(4D Private sector doing HEIs ) Private non-profit: facilitating Player knowledge sharing Private sector doing both: Non & Inter- Innovation/Tech hubs GOs
  • 10. 2 Partnerships in ICT(4D): key for success Publi c ICT(4D HEIs ) Private Player Non & Inter- GOs Advocacy Awareness raising
  • 11. 2 Partnerships in ICT(4D): key for success Publi Not only efficiency, c > insights too ICT(4D HEIs ) Private Player Systematization & Innovation Non & Inter- Broader impact GOs
  • 12. 3 ICT contributions to Agricultural & Rural Development (ICT4ARD): interactions Food Security Smallholder- Climate-smart inclusive value Agriculture chains
  • 13. 3a Case #1: ICT for climate-smart agriculture ICT can be a catalyzer for: • Awareness raising on global/local climate issues – Dissemination of climate change awareness messages via low/high tech • Monitoring of climate parameters and climate-driven natural resources – Smartphone, sensors, remote sensing integration as a two-way channel for monitoring • Climate change Mitigation – Support establishment of mitigation practices, track impact of carbon sequestration initiatives • Adaptation to climate change – Information systems to map vulnerabilities, strengthen agricultural system resilience to shocks, disseminate short-term information, share knowledge A system approach to climate-smart agriculture
  • 14. 3b Case #2: Smallholders-inclusive value chains via ICTs Sustainable Partnership AgriBusiness Producers Companies ICT-powered strategies: a catalyzer to make local system competitive • Include trusted channels and InfoMediaries – Capacity strengthening – Technology adoption – Community ownership mechanisms • Set up ad hoc Communication systems (i.e. monitor production, facilitate transactions, enable traceability, support branding) • Integrate management tools (e.g. logistics, process management)
  • 15. 3c Shaping the future: examples of high- potential ICT applications for FS/ARD • Big Data for improving weather insurance • Gamification approaches applied to Development issues • From Knowledge to Geo-Knowledge to support Extension services • Cloud computing for improving efficiency, reducing time- to-market, increasing income – Link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=snZPevfRuus
  • 16. 3c Big Data for climate-smart agriculture, food security and smallholder-inclusive value chains • Next Decade: 44 times as much data and content – 35 zettabytes in 2020! • Farmers needs better forecast • Weather insurance companies needs (better) weather data • Both Public and Private sector can reap benefits • Positive side-effects to Global/Local Research • Key enablers: – Extension agents a privileged facilitator – Mobile infrastructure/phones as a gateway – Facilitators to create the suitable environment
  • 17. 4a Environmental security: what is it? • What is security? – The meaning of security changes across time • Different interpretation of environmental security – Environment as key for National Security – The end of the Cold War and the transition of Environment in the Military • Military Global • Inter-dependence Warming – Environmental scarcity as a trigger for conflict – Environment as a driver of cooperation
  • 18. 4a Environmental security: what is it? Climate change vs Environmental Security • Current scenario: climate change and the re-ignition of the debate Negative impacts • Increasing water scarcity Positive impacts • Decreasing agri. productivity • Areas will experience benefits! Climate • Need for joint initiative to • Higher frequency and Change mitigate/adapt intensity of natural disasters • … • … • Mitigation of effects in the ‘global • Increasing competition balance’ • Migration from rural to urban areas • Increase in technical/political or abroad cooperation • Threat to economic growth • Greener production • Distrust between North/South countries
  • 19. 4a Environmental security: what is it? Environment as driver of conflict vs. cooperation • Negative pole: driver of conflict – Cross-border water & grazing rights: • Senegal vs Mauritania Border War (1991) – Land distribution • Chiapas, Mexico (1994) – Access to water/land • Soccer War Honduras/El Salvador (1969) • Positive pole: source of cooperation – 1950-2000: 1228 cooperative events vs 507 conflict episodes in water management. – Technical cooperation on Water: EXACT-ME (Jordan, Israel, Palestine) – “Peace Parks” (?) • KAZA, Great Limpopo TF Park, Ai-Ais/Richtersveld TF Park • Siachen Glacier, northern Kashmir
  • 20. 4b Environmental security: why does it matter in Africa? Environmental conflicts in Africa • 22 recorded conflicts (1980-2005) • Clear evidence of land degradation & water scarcity in fueling conflict • Migrations sometimes make conflicts escalate in neighboring countries • Sahel hotspot: often systematic/collective violence • Land distribution typical driving factor for conflicts Source: Carius et al. (2006)
  • 21. 4b Environmental security: why does it matter in Africa? The impact of climate change • Higher water stress in N/S Africa; < water stress in E/O Africa – Broadly 75-250M affected in 2020 • High risk of higher food insecurity – Exceptions: Ethiopia, Mozambique • Increasing stress on infrastructures & economies (due to sea-level rise & environmental refugees) • Different distribution of diseases (e.g. malaria in E/S Africa) • Open questions: Sudano-Sahelian area, extreme events?
  • 22. 4b Environmental security: why does it matter in Africa? The impact of climate change
  • 23. 4b Environmental security: why does it matter in Africa? Water, Energy, Food (WEF) Nexus
  • 24. 4b Environmental security: why does it matter in Africa? Water, Energy, Food (WEF) Nexus • Increasing population and higher quality of life • Increasing water, food & energy demand: +30/50% between 2010-2030 • Inequalities push for short-term answers that can jeopardize medium/long-term sustainability • “Any strategy that focuses on one part of the water-food-energy nexus without considering its interconnections risks serious unintended consequences”. (World Economic Forum, 2011)
  • 25. 4b Environmental security: why does it matter in Africa? African richness to be capitalized • Cooperation & success stories – Africa covered by transboundary basins for 62% – 2 or + countries sharing 80 basins – 150 agreements, 10 River Basin Organizations – Various Transboundary Conservation Protected Areas & Peace Parks • Conflict Resolution normative tools – African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources – International Conference on the Great Lakes Region – RBOs
  • 26. 4c Environmental security: how can ICTs help? Record data and information INFORMATION & Transform data COMMUNICATION and information TECHNOLOGY into knowledge Broadcast & Communicate Information and Knowledge
  • 27. 4c Environmental security: how can ICTs help? Broadcast & Record data Transform data and information Communicate and information into knowledge Information and Knowledge Analysis & Implementation Capacity Observation & Building & Strategic Planning Management Networking Conflict Knowledge Prevention Sharing Decision Support Natural Conflict Resources Resolution Upscaling Monitoring Resources Management Crowd- Environmental sourced Peacebuilding monitoring
  • 28. 4c Environmental security: how can ICTs help? Some examples • End-to-end conflict-sensitive water management via ICT • Geomatics for mapping environmental security hot-spots • Capacity Building & Networking via ICT for natural resources management
  • 29. 4c Environmental security: how can ICTs help? Water management • Three main services ICT can offer 1. Monitor the state of water, including quality and use, for conflict prevention – Shared water data bank in Jordan/Israel/Palestine for climate adaptation 2. Collaboration and networking for conflict resolution – Conflict over the use of Syr Darya & Amu Darya rivers among Upstream countries (Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan) and Downstream countries (Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan) • Graph Model for Conflict Resolution, GMCR - Scenario Analysis confirmed the existing treaty as the most favourable for the countries
  • 30. 4c Environmental security: how can ICTs help? Water management • Three main services ICTs can offer 3. Support to policy making towards a sustainable use of water resources & post-conflict recovery – USAID-sponsored DSS to manage water quality degradation in Upper Litani River, Lebanon – Remote Sensing, DSS & GeoDB to plan equitable management of Bung Boraphet water basin, Thailand – Participatory GIS to design water service provision in peri-urban post-conflict Angola
  • 31. 4c Environmental security: how can ICTs help? Geomatics • Identification of environmental scarcity hot spots – Mount Kenya – Bordering areas with Ethiopia and Somalia (east of lake Turkana) – Mount Elgon – Lake Victoria – Mombasa A case study on Kenya @ my Lab: GeoLab, University of Milan (Bocchi et al. 2006)
  • 32. 4c Environmental security: how can ICTs help? Geomatics Wajiri Conflict 1992-95 Pokomo/ Orma Clashes 2000 Inter-State Cooperation A case study on Kenya, 2006
  • 33. 4c Environmental security: how can ICTs help? Capacity building & networking • International level – Strauss Center CCAPS, http://ccaps.aiddata.org/conflict • Local level – SNA-K (Kenya): land access related conflict mitigation via open forums, radio, workshops and SMS-Based Violence Prevention & Education – Babati, Tanzania (Mandara, 2007): PGIS for land conflict mitigation
  • 34. Conclusions • The shape of ICT4D is likely to change a lot • ICT4D  ICT4Dx! • ICT does/can already play a difference to support food and environmental security • WEF nexus will be core driving force to be targeted for medium/long-term Sustainable Development (not only in Africa!) • To lead the way in ICT4Dx Actors will need to: • Be innovation rather than ICT oriented • Strengthen theirs facilitation skills • Develop a cross-pollination prone attitude
  • 35. 4c For further information, link, advice, et al. Simone Sala • Web: www.simonesala.it • Twitter: @hereissimone

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. Public organizationsNational/Local level: Increase organizational efficiency/effectiveness, Support policy developmentRegional level: Foster integration of infrastructure, policies, markets, aid initiativesGlobal level: Set up open data repositories and link them to researchers/developers/companiesPrivate sector doing businessIncreasing efficiency: market integration, value-chain optimizationPrivate sector doing non-profitFacilitating knowledge sharing: e.g. Barilla Forum, Danone Institute, Unilever Foundation, etc.Private sector doing bothInnovation hubs: Afrilabs network (e.g. Nairobi iHub), Caribbean BetaSingle Initiatives (e.g. Apps4Africa, ChangeMakers EXPO) where CTA can offer meaningful mentoringNGOs &amp; International organizationsAdvocacy: e.g. Aid works initiative by Gates FoundationHigher Education Institutions working on ICT4(AR)DAccess to joint funding opportunities and expand impactICTD Player has much to offer: access to data, partners, key stakeholders, piloting testbeds, and publication venuesHEIs can offer content, support in solutions scanning, scientific backstopping, scaling-up
  2. Public organizationsNational/Local level: Increase organizational efficiency/effectiveness, Support policy developmentRegional level: Foster integration of infrastructure, policies, markets, aid initiativesGlobal level: Set up open data repositories and link them to researchers/developers/companiesPrivate sector doing businessIncreasing efficiency: market integration, value-chain optimizationPrivate sector doing non-profitFacilitating knowledge sharing: e.g. Barilla Forum, Danone Institute, Unilever Foundation, etc.Private sector doing bothInnovation hubs: Afrilabs network (e.g. Nairobi iHub), Caribbean BetaSingle Initiatives (e.g. Apps4Africa, ChangeMakers EXPO) where CTA can offer meaningful mentoringNGOs &amp; International organizationsAdvocacy: e.g. Aid works initiative by Gates FoundationHigher Education Institutions working on ICT4(AR)DAccess to joint funding opportunities and expand impactICTD Player has much to offer: access to data, partners, key stakeholders, piloting testbeds, and publication venuesHEIs can offer content, support in solutions scanning, scientific backstopping, scaling-up
  3. Public organizationsNational/Local level: Increase organizational efficiency/effectiveness, Support policy developmentRegional level: Foster integration of infrastructure, policies, markets, aid initiativesGlobal level: Set up open data repositories and link them to researchers/developers/companiesPrivate sector doing businessIncreasing efficiency: market integration, value-chain optimizationPrivate sector doing non-profitFacilitating knowledge sharing: e.g. Barilla Forum, Danone Institute, Unilever Foundation, etc.Private sector doing bothInnovation hubs: Afrilabs network (e.g. Nairobi iHub), Caribbean BetaSingle Initiatives (e.g. Apps4Africa, ChangeMakers EXPO) where CTA can offer meaningful mentoringNGOs &amp; International organizationsAdvocacy: e.g. Aid works initiative by Gates FoundationHigher Education Institutions working on ICT4(AR)DAccess to joint funding opportunities and expand impactICTD Player has much to offer: access to data, partners, key stakeholders, piloting testbeds, and publication venuesHEIs can offer content, support in solutions scanning, scientific backstopping, scaling-up
  4. Public organizationsNational/Local level: Increase organizational efficiency/effectiveness, Support policy developmentRegional level: Foster integration of infrastructure, policies, markets, aid initiativesGlobal level: Set up open data repositories and link them to researchers/developers/companiesPrivate sector doing businessIncreasing efficiency: market integration, value-chain optimizationPrivate sector doing non-profitFacilitating knowledge sharing: e.g. Barilla Forum, Danone Institute, Unilever Foundation, etc.Private sector doing bothInnovation hubs: Afrilabs network (e.g. Nairobi iHub), Caribbean BetaSingle Initiatives (e.g. Apps4Africa, ChangeMakers EXPO) where CTA can offer meaningful mentoringNGOs &amp; International organizationsAdvocacy: e.g. Aid works initiative by Gates FoundationHigher Education Institutions working on ICT4(AR)DAccess to joint funding opportunities and expand impactICTD Player has much to offer: access to data, partners, key stakeholders, piloting testbeds, and publication venuesHEIs can offer content, support in solutions scanning, scientific backstopping, scaling-up
  5. E.g. Google 42M$ investment in WeatherBill