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Chapter 4
A gas turbine is a type of internal combustion engine. Used in application such as:
• Locomotives
• Power generation
• Aircraft propulsion
Dr.Khaled S. Al-Zahrani
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Gas turbine consist of:
1- Compressor:
A mechanical device that increases the pressure of a
gas by reducing its volume.
1. 1 The reciprocating air compressor
• Two stroke engine
• No camshaft
• Pressure differential operated valves
• Very high compression pressure
• Intermittent flow of air (-ve)
Dr.Khaled S. Al-Zahrani
1.2 Rotary air compressors
• Centrifugal
• The axial-flow
• The positive displacement
• Continues flow
• Deals with large quantity of air
• Moderate to high pressure range (10:1)
• High speed up to 30000rpm
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2- Combustion Chamber:
A chamber where the air and fuel been mixed and burned
• Tubular
• Annular
• Tubo-annular
Dr.Khaled S. Al-Zahrani
3- Turbine:
Turbine is a rotary engine that extract energy from a fluid and converts it
into useful work.
There are two type of Turbine:
• Reaction (UK, Sir Parson)
• Impulse (Swedish, Gustaf)
Dr.Khaled S. Al-Zahrani
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4 – Auxiliary systems:
1. Fuel system
2. Starting system
• Air motors
• Diesel engines
• Electric motors
3. Lube oil system
4. Cooling system
5. Silencer
Dr.Khaled S. Al-Zahrani
Gas turbine mimic the working principal of the Windmill
But the moving air or gas is controlled and directed against the blades of the
turbine wheel
Dr.Khaled S. Al-Zahrani
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Also mimic the working principal of Internal Combustion engine:
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Open Closed
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Single Shaft Multi-Shaft
Multi-shaft turbine can be:
1. Parallel
Part load
Two C.C
Control T3
2. Series:
Independent shaft speed
Dr.Khaled S. Al-Zahrani
Brayton Cycle
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