1. ITU Workshop on “Developments regarding
telecommunication network architectures
and services”
(Kampala, Uganda, 2 April 2012)
Socio-Economic Aware Design of
Future Network Technology
(Y.FNsocioeconomic)
Martin Waldburger,
University of Zurich,
Editor of Y.FNsocioeconomic in Q21/13,
waldburger@ifi.uzh.ch
Kampala, Uganda, 2 April 2012

2. Outline
• SESERV Goal
• Socio-economic Awareness
• Design Goals and Objectives in Y.3001
• Scope of Y.FNsocioeconomic
• Proposed Structure
• Tussle Evolution: Bandwidth Sharing
• Tussle Analysis Meta-method
• Methods Overview
• Application Case
• Summary and Conclusions
• Q&A
2

3. SESERV Goal
• Based on the fact that ICT contributes to social
inclusion, economic development, sustainability:
• SESERV shall bridge the gap between
• Especially socio-economic (SE) priorities and
• Research objectives of European ICT projects in FP7
• SESERV does offer a service that provides
• An open access to SE and networking experts FISE Community
• Investigation methodologies for relationships
between Future Internet technology, society, and Tussle
the economy Analysis
• Knowledge and findings through research reports, Event
workshops, and various research support on SE Organization
upon request
3

4. Socio-economic Awareness (1)
Stakeholders with
End-users ISPs Regulators ASPs … varying socio-economic
interests
Out-of-network socio-
economic interactions
Technology choices
(including investments,
Socio-economic
configurations)
layer
Technology Technology outputs
layer (connectivity, QoS,
mobility,
security, etc.)
Network Middle
applications boxes Firewalls Technology
Network protocols
components
Links Routers Switches Servers 3G towers
Socio-economic layer is governed by laws of socio-economics,
while technology layer by laws of physics
4

5. Socio-economic Awareness (2)
Internet Socio- Adopt technology Longer
Economic layer
ISP
Dimension resources
Feedback
Adaptation timescale
Stakeholders strategies/ Configure technology
policies with respect to
a specific technology
(functionality)
Use technology
Shorter
tussle outcome
At each stage conflicts of interest (incentives) may arise at the
socio-economic layer.
The combination of actor strategies lead to a tussle outcome,
characterized by stakeholders benefits.
5

6. Socio-economic Awareness (3)
• Traditional engineering goals (technology design)
• Effectiveness
• Efficiency
• Modularity
• Security
• Technology will reach multiple stakeholders
• Different interpretations of goals
Stakeholders
• Different incentives tussles
engage
in
• Different choices
• Understanding socio-economic aspects
• Complete view on ecosystem
• Assess technology adoption and long-term success
6

7. Design Goals and Objectives in Y.3001
• „Future Networks: Objectives and Design Goals“
• Objectives ...
to
reduce
barriers
to
entry
for
the
various
actors
involved
in
the
network
ecosystem.
• Service awareness ...
to
reduce
life
cycle
costs
in
order
for
them
to
be
• Data awareness deployable
and
sustainable.
...
allow
appropriate
compe88on
and
an
appropriate
return
• Environmental awareness for
all
actors
• Social and economic awareness
• Design goals
• Service diversity FNs
are
recommended
to
be
designed
to
provide
a
sustainable
compe88on
environment
for
solving
tussles
• Functional flexibility among
the
range
of
par8cipants
in
the
ICT/
• Virtualization of resources telecommunictaion
ecosystem
• Data access Ra8onale:
Many
technologies
have
failed
to
be
• Energy consumption deployed,
flourish,
or
be
sustainable
because
of
• Service universalization inadequate
or
inappropriate
decisions
of
the
architect,
...
• Economic incentives
• Network management Sufficient
aHen8on
therefore
needs
to
be
paid
to
economic
and
social
aspects
such
as
economic
• Mobility incen8ves
in
designing
and
implemen8ng
the
• Optimization requirements,
architecture,
and
protocol
of
FNs
in
order
• Identification to
provide
a
sustainable
compe88on
environment
to
the
various
par8cipants
• Reliability
7

8. Scope of Y.FNsocioeconomic
• Y.3001 lists...
• Candidate technologies
• But no methods to achieve goals and objectives
• „Socio-Economic Aware Design of Future
Network Technology“
This
Recommenda8on
lists
methods
to
achieve
socio-­‐economic
design
goals
and
objec8ves
for
Future
Networks
(FNs).
When
a
candidate
FN
technology
is
provided,
the
methods
listed
provide
a
structured
approach
• to
an8cipate
at
technology
design
8me
the
socio-­‐economic
impact
of
the
technology
taking
into
account
the
relevant
set
of
stakeholders,
tussles
emerging
among
them,
and
the
range
of
available
choices,
• to
an8cipate
either
a
stable
and
incen8ves-­‐compa8ble
or
an
unstable
outcome
resul8ng
from
deploying
the
technology,
• to
iden8fy
poten8al
spillover
(unwanted)
effects
from
the
technology’s
primary
func8onality
to
another
func8onality,
• and
to
help
design
technology
for
Future
Networks
that
is
in-­‐line
with
the
respec8ve
socio-­‐economic
design
goals
and
objec8ves.
8

9. Proposed Structure
• Summary
• Scope
• References
• Definitions
• Abbreviations and acronyms
• Conventions
• Introduction
• Socio-economic Aware Deployment of Future Network
Technology
• Design for Tussle
• Technology Deployment Cycle Tussle concept
• Tussle Evolution
• Tussle Analysis Meta-method
• Stakeholder Identification Methods
Methods to
• Tussle Identification Methods
implement steps
• Tussle Impact and Tussle Evolution Methods of tussle analysis
• Appendix: Methods Overview
9

10. Tussle Evolution: Bandwidth Sharing
peer-­‐to-­‐peer
p2p
users
configure
p2p
users
get
(p2p)
users
applica9ons
to
open
p2p
applica9ons
dispropor9onate
bandwidth
share
strategies/policies
mul9ple
TCP
configured
to
Stakeholders’
connec9ons
for
the
perform
traffic
?
Tussle
outcome
same
session
ISPs
thro2le
obfusca9on
bandwidth
of
p2p
applica9ons
by
using
fair
ISP
DPI
technology.
What
if
ISPs
deploy
bandwidth
(neutral
en9ty)
p2p
sharing
applica9ons
conges9on
exposure
technologies
&
?
mo9vate
mul9ple
conges9on
pricing
schemes?
interac9ve
interac9ve
TCP
connec9ons
for
users
get
users
the
same
session
Func%onality:
bandwidth
sharing
dispropor9onate
bandwidth
share
strategies/policies
Tussle
outcome
Stakeholders’
ISPs
Regulator
announces
fines
due
to
VoIP
providers’
complaints
Regulator
ISPs
use
DPI
technology
no
to
degrade
quality
of
discrimina9on
rival
VoIP
services
ASPs
Func%onality:
VoIP
service
delivery
Func9onality
Stable
outcome
Evolves
Ini9al
state
Unstable
outcome
Affects
10

11. Tussle Analysis Meta-method
Func9onality
I
Func9onality
II
Step
1:
Iden%fy
all
primary
stakeholder
roles
and
their
characteris%cs
for
the
func%onality
under
inves%ga%on
new
itera9on
spillover
Step
2:
Iden%fy
tussles
among
iden%fied
stakeholders
tussle
tussle
tussle
tussle
Step
3:
For
each
tussle
assess
the
impact
to
each
stakeholder
and
poten%al
spillovers
11

12. Methods Overview
Step
1:
Step
2:
Step
3:
Stakeholder
Tussle
Tussle
Impact
and
Iden%fica%on
Iden%fica%on
Tussle
Evolu%on
Interviews
Highly
relevant
Relevant
Relevant
Personal
Highly
relevant
Highly
relevant
Less
relevant
observa%on
Role-­‐playing
Relevant
Highly
relevant
Highly
relevant
simula%on
MACTOR
method
Prerequisite
Highly
relevant
Relevant
SWOT
analysis
Prerequisite
Relevant
Relevant
Game
theory
Prerequisite
Prerequisite
Highly
relevant
Risk
management
Prerequisite
Highly
relevant
Highly
relevant
System
dynamics
Prerequisite
Prerequisite
Highly
relevant
12

13. Application Case (1)
• Focus Group
• During SESERV workshop in early 2012
• Case of technology developed by SAIL project
• Role-play simulation
• Introduction into focus group format (moderator)
• Technology presentation (project representative)
• Stakeholder role assignment (10-15 participants)
• Moderated tussle identification
• Moderated tussle evolution
• Transcription and analysis
13

14. Application Case (2)
!"#$%&'()*&+"#+'#,-+./")0/"%/'.$1%) H"2$+<>K0JG+ >"4-%$+
0/"%$12')3425&'/",5%)6+"$7+5&$'2'%) >F;9DL=>F@+
R$/&#3&"#+
82&9/':)34212"&);2"#/'%) ?(/()$.+<>K0JG+
>F;9DL=>F@+ 3#F2)!*A) R"23(#+E+<>F;9DL=>F@+
<==4,5+./")>2?24/=2'%)
R"23(#+M+<>F;9DL=>F@+
H'+"%,&)!*A)
*>@)A$B4,%C2'%)
0/"&2"&)>,%&',B$./")82&9/':%)
D2%2+'5C)A'/E25&%)
>,'25&/'()*2'?,52)A'/?,#2'%)
!"##$%&'()*+ <==4,5+./")*2'?,52)A'/?,#2'%)
,-".4%$-/+ ,-"'(.$-/+
9:#$-/+ A'/72%%,/"+4%)
I'/:2'%)J6+':2&)A4+52)A'/?,#2'%K)
0/11$",5+./")A'/?,#2'%) Outcome
for
assessed
Future
Network
technology:
<1+&2$'%)
L+1,"F)A'/?,#2'%)
!"#)$#)+ 0#1"-23&"#+
9:#$-/+ ,-"'(.$-/+
An
important
interface
was
M,"+"5,+4)*2'?,52)A'/?,#2'%)
!"&2'"2&)D2&+,42'%)
missing
in
the
technology
D2F$4+&/'%) 736(%("4/+<F;0J9LM@+
,"6(%*+738$-/+ 0#1-3/)-4%)4-$+
<#1,",%&'+./")<$&C/',.2%) ,-"'(.$-/+ F-4/):"-)O*+<366+
design!
D2%2+'5C2'%) A-"P$%)/@+
*25$',&()<F2"5,2%) 5/$-/+ 82&9/':)3O5C+"F2)A/,"&%)
D2%,#2".+4) 82&9/':)0/1=/"2"&)
A'/?,#2'%) P+%&)6,42)A'/?,#2'%)
I$%,"2%%) 0/"%$12'%)
*2"%/')N=2'+&/'%) >+':)M,B2')A'/?,#2')
;$/"4-%$+,-"'(.$-+<;=>=;?90;@+ D/+12'%)
K%&'$+ ;2"$2)/9"2'%)) L+&29+()A'/?,#2'%)
5A6"3.$-+<,B,CD=EFG+>799FHC0F@+ 3"#G$%2'%)
04/$#)N=2'+&/'%)
;$63*+<!B,9I=;G+5J99,@+ 736(%("4/+<,5;>50FG+ ;$Q4$/)"-+<;=>=;?90;G+>K0J@+
;=>57=D=FG+F;0J9LMG+!HKDL=G+
5D0?=;>=JN@+ >$-'$-+<366+A-"P$%)/@+
;$Q4$/)"-+<366+A-"P$%)/@+ ,3//('$+
F-4/):"-)O*+<366+A-"P$%)/@+
Edge-­‐ISP
inter-­‐
CP
CP
iden9fies
the
?
?
connec9on
costs
strategies/policies
increase
and
loss
Tussle
outcome
degraded
QoS
and
Stakeholders’
Edge-­‐ISP
delivers
of
revenues
out
of
decides
to
announce
IOs
CP’s
content
to
other
Name
the
content
over
his
localized
CDN
Resolu9on
Servers,
only
?
delivery
?
CP
sees
degraded
What
if
the
Edge-­‐ISP
and
CP
nego9ate
QoS
and
also
may
Edge-­‐ISP
is
reluctant
to
update
about
update
frequency?
frequently
the
local
caches
to
avoid
lose
revenues
Edge-­‐ISP
increase
of
interconnec9on
costs
(due
to
loss
of
Func9onality:
AAA
(Security)
customers)
14

15. Summary and Conclusions
• Engineers need to...
• Be aware of socio-economic aspects of technology
• Consider socio-economics in technology design
• For the goal of...
• Long-term success by incentive compatibility
• Assessment of adoption potential
• Sustainable competition environment
• Recommendation Y.FNsocioeconomic
• Methods to achieve socio-economic goals, objectives
• Tussle analysis (meta-method)
• Several methods to implement tussle analysis
15

16. Thank you for your attention!
Questions?
16