The document discusses employment trends over the past 20 years and policies related to employment and development. It notes that employment is a key factor in poverty reduction but that economic crises negatively impact employment conditions. Six major labor market trends are outlined, including declining employment rates and increasing casualization of labor. Both short-term and long-term national employment policies are examined. The document also considers how development aid could be framed to better promote employment creation.

1. ISS is the international Institute of Social Studies of Erasmus University Rotterdam

2. Employment, basic needs, structural adjustment, human development, poverty ….and Employment : A Jolly wheel of time ?? IDS-Sussex, Thursday 17 November –Friday 18 November 2011 Rolph van der Hoeven ISS-EUR, The Hague ,Netherlands

10. Further information on Crisis and Employment : van der Hoeven, R ,2010 , Labour Markets Trends, Financial Globalization and the current crisis in Developing Countries, UN DESA Working Paper No. 99,UN ,New York ,USA weblink : http://www.un.org/esa/desa/papers/2010/wp99_2010.pdf van Bergeijk, P. , A de Haan and R. van der Hoeven (eds.) ,2011, Crisis, What Crisis for whom ?, Edward Elgar Aldershot UK R. van der Hoeven, R ( ed.), 201, Employment, Inequality and Globalization: A Continuous Concern, Routledge,Abingdon , UK,

12. MDG Progress and Youth Unemployment

20. ODA by Sector 1990-2008

21. ODA by Region 2008

22. Social Sector ODA 1990-08

23. Ec Sector ODA 1990-09

34. Annual growth of Employment, value Added and Exports TNT 1986-2007

35. Migrants as a percentage of population, 1960 and 2005

39. Long Term Policies

40. 24 Episodes of Growth, Employment and Poverty