Patient B would experience the most pain following their burn injury. Third degree burns that destroy the skin and reach deeper tissues like muscle and bone are far more painful than first and second degree burns affecting only the epidermis and dermis as in Patient A's case.

1. Integumentary System
Skin, Hair and Nails 1

2. Skin is the largest organFunction and
Structure and of the body,
serves to:
•Protect against injury
•Protect against the sun UV rays
•Prevent entry of harmful microorganisms
•Maintain the proper internal body
temperature
•Excrete waste materials through
perspiration
•Function as a sense organ
2

3. Three Layers of theSkin
Three Layers of Skin
Epidermis
Dermis Nerves, vessels, glands, hair follicles
Subcutaneous/Hypodermis
3

4. epidermis
Epidermal
Epidermal Layer Layer
•Outermost skin layer
•Consists of several
sublayers
•Keratin – protein that
makes skin tough and
waterproof by preventing
fluids et al from passing
through the skin
•Constantly replaced
•Melanin – pigment that gives
skin its color
4

5. Dermal Layer
Dermal Layer
dermis
•“True skin”
•Holds many capillaries,
lymph cells, nerve
endings, sebaceous and
sweat glands and hair
follicles
•Arrector pili –
cause goosebumps
•Touch, temperature and •Thermoregulation
pain sensation originate •Perspiration
from dermis nerve cells •3rd degree burns
5

6. Subcutaneous Layer
Subcutaneous Layer
•Also called the hypodermis
•Found between the dermal layer
and the inner organs
•Consists mostly of fatty tissues
•Fatty tissue protects
inner organs, maintains
body temperature and
stores energy
•Blood vessels and
nerves are present subcutaneous 6

7. Hair Hair
- Protect and insulate
•Grows out of the epidermis to cover parts of the
body.
•The shaft is what we see and the root lies
below the surface of the skin.
Hair color is determined by the presence
of melanin.
Baldness or alopecia may result from
heredity, disease, injury, or
chemotherapy.
7

8. Nails Nails
•Nails are plates made
of hard keratin upper
surface of the fingers
and toes.
•Grows throughout life
•At the base of most nails a lunula or whitish
half-moon is an area where keratin and other
cells have mixed with air.
•The cuticle is a narrow band of epidermis that
surrounds the base or bottom of nails. 8

9. Glands
Glands
•Sebaceous glands secrete sebum outward
toward the surface of the body and are located
almost everywhere on the body.
•Sweat glands maintain normal temperature
through perspiration
Types of sweat glands
Eccrine Apocrine
Produce sweat to cool body Produce sweat of no use
Forehead, palms and soles Armpits, genitals 9

10. Viral Rashes
Symptoms, Abnormalities, and Conditions
Viral Rashes
rubeola rubella roseola varicella
10

11. Other Conditions
Other Conditions
•Impetigo, a highly contagious skin condition is
caused by staphylococci and characterized by the
presence of pus.
•Ringworm or tinea is caused by fungi, and is
characterized by intense itching or pruritis.
•Common rashes such as diaper rashes are also
caused by fungi known as Candidiasis.
11

12. Common Fungi
Other Common Fungi
•tinea pedis (athlete’s foot)
•tinea capitis (scalp ringworm)
•tinea barbae (ringworm of the beard) 12

13. Vascular Conditions
Vascular Conditions
•Ecchymosis Bluish-purple skin mark may be due to
injury.
•Petechiae Tiny pinpoint ecchymosis.
•Purpura Extensive skin hemorrhages covering a
wide area.
•Rosacea Appears as red blotches on the skin,
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especially the nose and cheeks.

14. Skin Conditions Related to
Skin Conditions Related to Pigmentation
Pigmentation
•Leukoderma
•Vitiligo
•Albinism
•Chloasma
Vitiligo 14

15. Categories of Burns
Burns to the skin may result from exposure to heat,
chemicals, electricity, radiation or other irritants.
Categories of Burns
•First Degree •Third Degree
is superficial, without involves complete
blistering, but with destruction of skin
redness and swelling. and sometimes
reaches muscle
•Second Degree and bone.
involves the
epidermis and
dermis and
blistering. 15

16. Conditions Caused by Insects
Some skin conditions are
caused by insects.
Pediculosis
An inflammation with Scabies
lice usually on the Contagious skin
head or genitals. eruption that often
occurs between
fingers, on areas of
the trunk, or male
genitalia and is
caused by mites. 16

17. Surgical Terms
Various types of plastic surgery may involve
reconstructing areas of the skin. Other types
involve removing part of a growth to test for
cancer or removing the entire cancerous growth.
17

18. Apply Your Knowledge Part 2
Which of the following patients would
experience the most pain following their burn
injury?
Patient A accidentally spilled hot grease on his
his right hand and arm resulting in first and
second degree burns to the entire area.
-OR-
Patient B was in his home when his kerosene
heater fell on his left lower leg causing complete
third degree burns to the area.
Answer: Patient A
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