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Skeletal system
- 2. • Support- framework that supports body and cradles its soft organs • Protection- for delicate organs, heart, lungs, brain • Movement- bones act as levers for muscles • Mineral storage- calcium & phosphate • Blood cell formation- hematopoiesis
- 3. • Long Bones- legs and arms • Short Bones- hands and feet • Flat Bones- rib, pelvis, scapula, skull, sternum • Irregular Bones- vertebrae, some facial bones, carpals, tarsals • Sesamoid- patella
- 5. spongy bone Proximal compact bone epiphysis Endosteum diaphysis epiphyseal line yellow marrow Sharpey’s fibers Distal epiphysis periosteum hyaline cartilage
- 9. The Vertebral Column Cervical Vertebrae (7) Thoracic Vertebrae (12) Lumbar Vertberae (5) Sacrum Coccyx
- 10. The Thoracic Cage Sternum True Ribs (7) False Ribs (3) Floating Ribs (2)
- 11. Bones of the Pectoral Girdle
- 12. Humerus Ulna Radius 8 Carpals 5 Metacarpals 14 Phalanges
- 16. Pelvis (lateral view) Ilium Acetabulum Obturator foramen Ischium Pubis Ischium
- 17. Male Pelvic Girdle Female Pelvic Girdle
- 19. The Lower Limb (Legs) Femur Patella Tibia Fibula 7 Tarsals 5 Metatarsals 14 Phalanges
- 23. phalanges metatarsals tarsals tarsals metatarsals phalanges
- 25. Immovable Joints (synarthrosis) suture pubis symphisis
- 26. Slightly Movable Joint (ampharthrosis)
- 27. (diarthrosis)- freely moveable pelvis ligaments femur
- 28. joint capsule pelvis hyaline cartilage synovial cavity femur
- 30. Synovial Joint Movement Extension Rotation Flexion Adduction Abduction
- 31. 275 bones 12 weeks (6-9 inches long)
- 32. Fetus: 1st Endochondral Ossification 2 months 2o ossification center bone cartilage calcified Just before cartilage birth epiphyseal epiphyseal line plate Childhood Adult
- 34. hematoma callus bony callus bone remodeling
- 35. Diseases of the Skeletal System: Osteoporosis- bone reabsorption outpaces bone deposit; bones become lighter and fracture easier Factors: • age, gender (more in women) • estrogen and testosterone decrease • insufficient exercise (or too much) • diet poor in Ca++ and protein • abnormal vitamin D receptors • smoking
- 37. Diseases of the Skeletal System: Rickets- vitamin D deficiency Osteomalacia- soft bones, inadequate mineralization in bones, lack of vitamin D Pagets Disease- spotty weakening in the bones, excessive and abnormal bone remodeling Rheumatoid arthritis- autoimmune reaction