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Barun Mazumdar / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
                   (IJERA)           ISSN: 2248-9622     www.ijera.com
                   Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.687-691

       A Compact L-slit Microstrip antenna for GSM, Bluetooth,
                  WiMAX & WLAN Applications
                                            Barun Mazumdar
        Department of ECE, Aryabhatta Institute of Engg & Management Durgapur, West Bengal, India


ABSTRACT
         A single feed compact microstrip
antenna is proposed in this paper. L slit is                         (h) =1.5875 mm.
introduced on the right edge of the patch to study
the effect of the slit on radiation behavior with
respect to a conventional microstrip patch. The
resonant frequencies are obtained at 1.85, 2.4,
3.44 &4.31 GHz with corresponding bandwidth
10 MHz, 15.13 MHz, 35.19 MHz, 56.13 MHz and
return loss of about -29.58, -14.57, -15.89&-29.25
dB respectively. The antenna has been reduced
by 63 % when compared to a conventional
rectangular microstrip patch. The characteristics
of the designed structure are investigated by
using MoM based electromagnetic solver, IE3D.

Keywords – Compact, Conventional, patch, slit                         Fig 1. Antenna 2 Configuration

I. INTRODUCTION                                           The optimal parameter values of the antenna are
         Wireless communications is rapidly               listed in Table1& 2.
progress due the development of lightweight, low
                                                          Table 1:
profile, flush-mounted and single-feed antennas.
Also, it is highly desirable to integrate several RF
                                                          Parameters
modules for different frequencies into one piece of
                                                                            m        n            o         p           l1
equipment. Hence, multi-band antennas that can be
                                                            Values
used simultaneously in different standards have been
                                                            (mm)           11.3     11.54        9.65       2.7        12.5
in the focus points of many research projects [1-3].
To reduce the size of the antenna one of the effective
                                                          Table 2:
technique is cutting slit in proper position on the
microstrip patch. The work to be presented in this
                                                          Parameters
paper is also a compact microstrip antenna design
                                                                             w1           w2          w3          l2
obtained by cutting an L slit on the right edge of the
                                                             Values
patch. Our aim is to reduce the size of the antenna as
                                                             (mm)           15.67        14.67          2         4.5
well as increase the operating bandwidth. The
proposed antenna (substrate with εr=2.4) has
maximum gain of 6.53 dBi and presents a size
reduction of 63% when compared to a conventional          III. SIMULATED RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
microstrip [4-7] patch with a maximum bandwidth                    The simulated return loss (using IE3D [8])
of 56.13 MHz. The simulation has been carried out         of the conventional & proposed antennas is shown in
by IE3D software which uses the MOM method.               Fig. 2 & 3.
Due to the Small size, low cost and low weight this
antenna is a good candidate for the application of
mobile communication.

II. ANTENNA DESIGN
         The configuration of the proposed antenna
is shown in Figure 1. The antenna is a 38.34 mm x
31.53 mm rectangular patch. The dielectric material
selected for this design is a Neltec NX 9240 epoxy
with dielectric constant (εr) =2.4 and substrate height

                                                                                                        687 | P a g e
Barun Mazumdar / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
                                                                 (IJERA)           ISSN: 2248-9622     www.ijera.com
                                                                 Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.687-691


                                                     0



                                                     -5
                                Return loss in dB




                                                    -10



                                                    -15



                                                    -20



                                                    -25
                                                          2.0         2.5               3.0          3.5           4.0
                                                                                  Frequency in GHz




                       Fig 2 . Simulated return loss of the conventional
                                                                                                                         Fig 4 . E plane Radiation Pattern of the antenna 2 for
                      antenna.
                                                                                                                         1.85 GHz


                     0



                     -5
Return loss in dB




                    -10



                    -15



                    -20



                    -25



                    -30
                          1.5                         2.0       2.5         3.0        3.5     4.0     4.5   5.0

                                                                      Frequency in GHz


Fig 3 . Simulated return loss of the proposed antenna.                                                                   Fig 5 . H plane Radiation Pattern of the antenna 2 for
                                                                                                                         1.85 GHz
                               In conventional antenna return loss found
                      of about -21.68 dB at 3 GHz & corresponding
                      bandwidth is 53.13 MHz. For antenna 2 return losses
                      -29.58 dB is obtained at 1.85 GHz, -14.57 dB at 2.4
                      GHz, -15.89 dB at 3.44 GHZ and -29.25 dB at 4.31
                      GHz and corresponding 10 dB bandwidth is 10
                      MHz, 15.13 MHz, 35.19 MHz and 56.13 MHz
                      respectively.

                      Simulated radiation pattern

                      The simulated E plane and H plane radiation patterns
                      for antenna 2 are shown in Figure 4-10.




                                                                                                                         Fig 6 . E plane Radiation Pattern of the antenna 2 for
                                                                                                                         2.4 GHz

                                                                                                                                                                688 | P a g e
Barun Mazumdar / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
                  (IJERA)           ISSN: 2248-9622     www.ijera.com
                  Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.687-691
                                                         Fig 8. H plane Radiation Pattern of the antenna 2 for
                                                         3.44 GHz




Fig 7 . H plane Radiation Pattern of the antenna 2 for
2.4 GHz

                                                         Fig 9 . E plane Radiation Pattern of the antenna 2 for
                                                         4.31 GHz




Fig 7 . E plane Radiation Pattern of the antenna 2 for
3.44 GHz

                                                         Fig 10 . H plane Radiation Pattern of the antenna 2
                                                         for 4.31 GHz




                                                                                                689 | P a g e
Barun Mazumdar / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
                                                            (IJERA)           ISSN: 2248-9622     www.ijera.com
                                                            Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.687-691

                                  10
                                                                                                                                 0

                                      5

                                                                                                                                 -5

                                      0




                                                                                                            Return loss in dB
                                                                                                                                -10
                   Gain in dBi




                                  -5

                                                                                                                                -15
                                 -10


                                                                                                                                -20
                                 -15
                                                                                                                                                                                 Simulated result
                                                                                                                                                                                 Measuredresult
                                                                                                                                -25
                                 -20                                                                                                  2.0         2.5              3.0              3.5             4.0
                                          1.5     2.0      2.5       3.0    3.5      4.0    4.5    5.0
                                                                                                                                                          Frequency in GHz
                                                                  Frequecy in GHz


                                                                                                          Fig 13. Comparison between measured and
Fig 11: Gain versus frequency plot for the antenna 2.
                                                                                                         simulated return losses for conventional antenna.
                                 Figure 11 shows the Gain versus frequency plot for
                                 the antenna 2.It is observed that gain is about 1.55                                            0

                                 dBi for 1.85 GHz, 6.06 dBi for 2.4 GHz , 6.53 dBi
                                                                                                                                 -5
                                 for 3.44 GHz & 5.72 dBi for 4.31 GHz.
                                                                                                            Return loss in dB


                                                                                                                                -10



                                                                                                                                -15
                                                   Antenna efficiency
                             100                   Radiating efficiency
                                                                                                                                -20

                                 80
  Efficiency in Percentage




                                                                                                                                -25
                                                                                                                                                              Simulated result
                                 60                                                                                                                           Measuredresult
                                                                                                                                -30
                                                                                                                                      1.5   2.0     2.5      3.0         3.5      4.0     4.5       5.0
                                 40                                                                                                                       Frequency in GHz


                                 20

                                                                                                         Fig 14. Comparison between measured and
                                  0
                                                                                                         simulated return losses for proposed antenna
                                      1.5        2.0      2.5      3.0     3.5      4.0    4.5    5.0
                                                                 Frequency in Ghz                        V. CONCLUSION
                                                                                                                  A single feed single layer L slit microstrip
                                                                                                         antenna has been proposed in this paper. It is
                                 Fig 12: Antenna efficiency versus frequency plot for                    shown that the proposed antenna can operate in
                                 the antenna 2.                                                          four frequency bands. The slit reduced the size of
                                                                                                         the antenna by 63 % and increase the bandwidth up
                                 Efficiency of the antenna 2 with the variation of                       to 53.13 MHz with a return loss of -29.25 dB,
                                 frequency is shown in figure 12. It is found that                       absolute gain about 6.53 dBi .Efficiency of antenna
                                 antenna efficiency is about 78 % for 2.4 GHz, 87 %                      has been achieved 82 % for the higher band of
                                 for 3.44 GHz & 82% for 4.31 GHz.                                        operation. An optimization between size reduction
                                                                                                         and bandwidth enhancement is maintained in this
                                 IV. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS                                                work.
                                          Comparisons between the measured return
                                 losses with the simulated ones are shown in Fig.13                      REFERENCES
                                 and 14. All the measurements are carried out using                        [1]                        Costantine, J. K. Y. Kabalan, A. El Hajj
                                 Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) Agilent N5                                                             and M.         Rammal,“New multi-band
                                 230A.The agreement between the simulated and                                                         microstrip antenna design for wireless
                                 measured data is reasonably good. The discrepancy                                                    communications,” IEEE Antenna and
                                 between the measured and simulated results is due to                                                 Propagation Magazine,Vol.48,No.6, 181-
                                 the effect of improper soldering of SMA connector                                                    186,December 2007.
                                 or fabrication tolerance.


                                                                                                                                                                               690 | P a g e
Barun Mazumdar / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications
                  (IJERA)           ISSN: 2248-9622     www.ijera.com
                  Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.687-691
[2]    H. Sabri and Z. Atlasbaf "Two Novel
       Compact Triple-Band Microstrip Annular-
       Ring Slot Antenna For PCS-1900 AND
       WLAN        Applications"     Progress    In
       Electromagnetic Research Letters, Vol. 5,
       87–98, 2008.
[3]    E. Wang, J. Zheng, Y. Liu ''A novel dual-
       band     patch     antenna     for   WLAN
       communication"           Progress         in
       Electromagnetic Research C, Vol.6, 93-
       102, 2009.
[4]    F. Yang, X. -X. Zhang, X. Ye, and Y.
       Rahmat-Samii, “ Wide-Band Eshaped
       Patch       Antennas       for      Wireless
       Communications,” IEEE Trans. Antennas
       Propagat., vol. 49, no. 7, pp. 1094-1100,
       July. 2001.
[5]    U.Chakraborty, B.Mazumdar, S. K.
       Chowdhury, and A.K. Bhattacharjee, “A
       Compact L-slot Microstrip Antenna for
       Quad band Applications in Wireless
       Communication,” Global Journal Of
       Researches in Engineering (F) Volume XII
       Issue II Version I Feb,2012.
[6]    P. Pigin, “Emerging mobile WiMax
       antenna technologies”, IET Communication
       Engineer, October/ November 2006.
[7]    C.A.Balanis,      Advanced       Engineering
       Electromagnetic,
       John Wiley & Sons., New York, 1989.
[8]    Zeland Software Inc. IE3D: MoM-Based
       EM              Simulator.             Web:
       http://www.zeland.com




                                                                              691 | P a g e

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Dp25687691

  • 1. Barun Mazumdar / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.687-691 A Compact L-slit Microstrip antenna for GSM, Bluetooth, WiMAX & WLAN Applications Barun Mazumdar Department of ECE, Aryabhatta Institute of Engg & Management Durgapur, West Bengal, India ABSTRACT A single feed compact microstrip antenna is proposed in this paper. L slit is (h) =1.5875 mm. introduced on the right edge of the patch to study the effect of the slit on radiation behavior with respect to a conventional microstrip patch. The resonant frequencies are obtained at 1.85, 2.4, 3.44 &4.31 GHz with corresponding bandwidth 10 MHz, 15.13 MHz, 35.19 MHz, 56.13 MHz and return loss of about -29.58, -14.57, -15.89&-29.25 dB respectively. The antenna has been reduced by 63 % when compared to a conventional rectangular microstrip patch. The characteristics of the designed structure are investigated by using MoM based electromagnetic solver, IE3D. Keywords – Compact, Conventional, patch, slit Fig 1. Antenna 2 Configuration I. INTRODUCTION The optimal parameter values of the antenna are Wireless communications is rapidly listed in Table1& 2. progress due the development of lightweight, low Table 1: profile, flush-mounted and single-feed antennas. Also, it is highly desirable to integrate several RF Parameters modules for different frequencies into one piece of m n o p l1 equipment. Hence, multi-band antennas that can be Values used simultaneously in different standards have been (mm) 11.3 11.54 9.65 2.7 12.5 in the focus points of many research projects [1-3]. To reduce the size of the antenna one of the effective Table 2: technique is cutting slit in proper position on the microstrip patch. The work to be presented in this Parameters paper is also a compact microstrip antenna design w1 w2 w3 l2 obtained by cutting an L slit on the right edge of the Values patch. Our aim is to reduce the size of the antenna as (mm) 15.67 14.67 2 4.5 well as increase the operating bandwidth. The proposed antenna (substrate with εr=2.4) has maximum gain of 6.53 dBi and presents a size reduction of 63% when compared to a conventional III. SIMULATED RESULTS AND DISCUSSION microstrip [4-7] patch with a maximum bandwidth The simulated return loss (using IE3D [8]) of 56.13 MHz. The simulation has been carried out of the conventional & proposed antennas is shown in by IE3D software which uses the MOM method. Fig. 2 & 3. Due to the Small size, low cost and low weight this antenna is a good candidate for the application of mobile communication. II. ANTENNA DESIGN The configuration of the proposed antenna is shown in Figure 1. The antenna is a 38.34 mm x 31.53 mm rectangular patch. The dielectric material selected for this design is a Neltec NX 9240 epoxy with dielectric constant (εr) =2.4 and substrate height 687 | P a g e
  • 2. Barun Mazumdar / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.687-691 0 -5 Return loss in dB -10 -15 -20 -25 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 Frequency in GHz Fig 2 . Simulated return loss of the conventional Fig 4 . E plane Radiation Pattern of the antenna 2 for antenna. 1.85 GHz 0 -5 Return loss in dB -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 Frequency in GHz Fig 3 . Simulated return loss of the proposed antenna. Fig 5 . H plane Radiation Pattern of the antenna 2 for 1.85 GHz In conventional antenna return loss found of about -21.68 dB at 3 GHz & corresponding bandwidth is 53.13 MHz. For antenna 2 return losses -29.58 dB is obtained at 1.85 GHz, -14.57 dB at 2.4 GHz, -15.89 dB at 3.44 GHZ and -29.25 dB at 4.31 GHz and corresponding 10 dB bandwidth is 10 MHz, 15.13 MHz, 35.19 MHz and 56.13 MHz respectively. Simulated radiation pattern The simulated E plane and H plane radiation patterns for antenna 2 are shown in Figure 4-10. Fig 6 . E plane Radiation Pattern of the antenna 2 for 2.4 GHz 688 | P a g e
  • 3. Barun Mazumdar / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.687-691 Fig 8. H plane Radiation Pattern of the antenna 2 for 3.44 GHz Fig 7 . H plane Radiation Pattern of the antenna 2 for 2.4 GHz Fig 9 . E plane Radiation Pattern of the antenna 2 for 4.31 GHz Fig 7 . E plane Radiation Pattern of the antenna 2 for 3.44 GHz Fig 10 . H plane Radiation Pattern of the antenna 2 for 4.31 GHz 689 | P a g e
  • 4. Barun Mazumdar / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.687-691 10 0 5 -5 0 Return loss in dB -10 Gain in dBi -5 -15 -10 -20 -15 Simulated result Measuredresult -25 -20 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 Frequency in GHz Frequecy in GHz Fig 13. Comparison between measured and Fig 11: Gain versus frequency plot for the antenna 2. simulated return losses for conventional antenna. Figure 11 shows the Gain versus frequency plot for the antenna 2.It is observed that gain is about 1.55 0 dBi for 1.85 GHz, 6.06 dBi for 2.4 GHz , 6.53 dBi -5 for 3.44 GHz & 5.72 dBi for 4.31 GHz. Return loss in dB -10 -15 Antenna efficiency 100 Radiating efficiency -20 80 Efficiency in Percentage -25 Simulated result 60 Measuredresult -30 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 40 Frequency in GHz 20 Fig 14. Comparison between measured and 0 simulated return losses for proposed antenna 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 Frequency in Ghz V. CONCLUSION A single feed single layer L slit microstrip antenna has been proposed in this paper. It is Fig 12: Antenna efficiency versus frequency plot for shown that the proposed antenna can operate in the antenna 2. four frequency bands. The slit reduced the size of the antenna by 63 % and increase the bandwidth up Efficiency of the antenna 2 with the variation of to 53.13 MHz with a return loss of -29.25 dB, frequency is shown in figure 12. It is found that absolute gain about 6.53 dBi .Efficiency of antenna antenna efficiency is about 78 % for 2.4 GHz, 87 % has been achieved 82 % for the higher band of for 3.44 GHz & 82% for 4.31 GHz. operation. An optimization between size reduction and bandwidth enhancement is maintained in this IV. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS work. Comparisons between the measured return losses with the simulated ones are shown in Fig.13 REFERENCES and 14. All the measurements are carried out using [1] Costantine, J. K. Y. Kabalan, A. El Hajj Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) Agilent N5 and M. Rammal,“New multi-band 230A.The agreement between the simulated and microstrip antenna design for wireless measured data is reasonably good. The discrepancy communications,” IEEE Antenna and between the measured and simulated results is due to Propagation Magazine,Vol.48,No.6, 181- the effect of improper soldering of SMA connector 186,December 2007. or fabrication tolerance. 690 | P a g e
  • 5. Barun Mazumdar / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com Vol. 2, Issue 5, September- October 2012, pp.687-691 [2] H. Sabri and Z. Atlasbaf "Two Novel Compact Triple-Band Microstrip Annular- Ring Slot Antenna For PCS-1900 AND WLAN Applications" Progress In Electromagnetic Research Letters, Vol. 5, 87–98, 2008. [3] E. Wang, J. Zheng, Y. Liu ''A novel dual- band patch antenna for WLAN communication" Progress in Electromagnetic Research C, Vol.6, 93- 102, 2009. [4] F. Yang, X. -X. Zhang, X. Ye, and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “ Wide-Band Eshaped Patch Antennas for Wireless Communications,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 49, no. 7, pp. 1094-1100, July. 2001. [5] U.Chakraborty, B.Mazumdar, S. K. Chowdhury, and A.K. Bhattacharjee, “A Compact L-slot Microstrip Antenna for Quad band Applications in Wireless Communication,” Global Journal Of Researches in Engineering (F) Volume XII Issue II Version I Feb,2012. [6] P. Pigin, “Emerging mobile WiMax antenna technologies”, IET Communication Engineer, October/ November 2006. [7] C.A.Balanis, Advanced Engineering Electromagnetic, John Wiley & Sons., New York, 1989. [8] Zeland Software Inc. IE3D: MoM-Based EM Simulator. Web: http://www.zeland.com 691 | P a g e