Talk apresentada no Tchelinux POA 2013. Visão básica sobre os repositórios, comandos do apt-get, dicas, etc.

2. Repositórios do Ubuntu, Santo aptget e Outras Coisas

3. ~$ whoami

4. Instalação de programas de forma
descomplicada e segura no linux.
Não, não estamos falando de next,
next, to finish!
APT-GET é uma forma rápida,
prática e eficiente de se instalar
pacotes, gerenciar suas
dependências automaticamente e
manter os arquivos de configuração
em ordem.
Vamos bater um papo sobre o
Advanced Packaging Tool e como
ele torna o linux simples até para a
sua avó usar!

5. 8- Comandos de instalação
1- A quem se destina a
Palestra?
2- Um pouco da minha
história com linux
3- É programador? Arruma
a minha impressora?
4- Avós usam linux
5- O que é o apt-get?
6- Um pouco sobre
repositórios
7- sources.list
9- Comandos de
manutenção
10- Comandos para
remoção
11- Comandos de busca
12- tips
13- Perguntas e
Contatos

6. A quem se destina esta palestra?

7. Who is there?

12. No, I'll not fix your computer!

21. Fácil que até a sua avó usa

22. Bro.

28. O que é o apt-get?

29. Introduction to APT
"In the beginning there was the .tar.gz. Users had to compile each
program that they wanted to use on their GNU/Linux systems.
When Debian was created, it was deemed necessary that the
system include a method of managing the packages installed on
the machine. The name dpkg was given to this system. Thus the
famous 'package' first came into being on GNU/Linux, a while
before Red Hat decided to create their own 'rpm' system.
A new dilemma quickly took hold of the minds of the makers of
GNU/Linux. They needed a rapid, practical, and efficient way to
install packages that would manage dependencies automatically
and take care of their configuration files while upgrading. Here
again, Debian led the way and gave birth to APT, the Advanced
Packaging Tool, which has since been ported by Conectiva for use
with rpm and has been adopted by some other distributions."
-- From Debian APT HOWTO

30. Repositórios
Main - Officially supported software.
Restricted - Supported software that is not available under a
completely free license.
Universe - Community maintained software, i.e. not officially
supported software.
Multiverse - Software that is not free.

31. Repositórios

32. /etc/apt/source.list
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 12.04 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Beta i386 (20120421)]/ precise main restricted
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted
deb: These repositories contain binaries or precompiled packages. These repositories are required for most users.
deb-src: These repositories contain the source code of the packages. Useful for developers.
http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu: The URI (Uniform Resource Identifier), in this case a location on the internet. See the
official mirror list or the self-maintained mirror list to find other mirrors.
hardy is the release name or version of your distribution.
main & restricted are the section names or components. There can be several section names, separated by spaces.

33. Adicionar repositório
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:cpug-devs/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install cpu-g

34. <Comandos de Instalação>
~$ sudo apt­get install <package_name>
~$ sudo apt­get build­dep <package_name>
~$ sudo apt­get install <package1_name> <package2_name> <package3_name>

35. <Comandos de Manutenção>
~$ sudo apt­get update
(atualiza source list)
~$ sudo apt­get upgrade
(pacotes instalados)
~$ sudo apt­get dist­upgrade
~$ sudo apt­get check
(distro)
(dependências quebradas)

36. <Comandos de Manutenção>
~$ sudo apt­get ­f install (fix broken dependencies)
~$ sudo apt­get autoclean
~$ sudo apt­get clean
(remove .deb velhos)
(remove *.deb)
~$ du ­sh /var/cache/apt/archives

37. <Comandos de Remoção>
~$ sudo apt­get remove <package_name>
~$ sudo apt­get purge <package_name>
~$ sudo apt­get autoremove
(cfg files too)

38. <Comandos de Busca>
~$ apt­cache search <search_term>
~$ apt­cache show <package_name>
(descrição)
~$ apt­file search <file_name> (Qual pkg contém file?)
~$ apt­cache pkgnames
(* pkgs instalados)

40. Remover com um hadouken:
●
apt-get --purge remove nomedoprograma
Fazer isso regularmente não dói:
●
apt-get update
Visualizar o que está sendo atualizado:
●
apt-get -u upgrade
(mas não esqueça do update antes)
Pesquisar apenas nos nomes dos pacotes:
●
apt-cache search -n stringdebusca
Checar versão disponível e em qual respositório:
●
apt-cache policy nomedopacote

42. ¡Gracias!
¿Tiene alguna pregunta?

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