Clasps /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

CLASPS
www.indiandentalacademy.co
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INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com

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• The name clasp is derived from a
French word “UYPTAN” which means
“to embrace”. Clasps are the
retentive components of the
orthodontic appliances.

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•RETENTION :- is the
means whereby the
displacement of an
appliance is resisted.

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IDEAL REQUIREMENTS
 Unobtrusive.
 Not impinge.
 Close contact to the tooth.
 Usable in both deciduous
and permanent dentition.
 Adequate retention.

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 No active force on the anchor tooth.
 Rigid
 Easy to fabricate and also replace if
needed.
 Not interfere in the growth of jaws
and eruption of teeth.

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USES
• To secure the appliance in position
• To prevent rolling of appliances
• To resist forces of displacement
• To provide retention & anchorage
• For engaging elastics

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CLASSIFICATION
A.

Hand Made
Machine Made.

B.

Single tag arm
Double tag arm
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MODE OF ACTION
• Clasp engage onto the undercuts
(constricted areas on the teeth.)
• Two types of undercuts.
– Buccal / Lingual Cervical undercuts.
– Mesial / Distal Proximal undercuts.

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CIRCUMFERENTIAL
CLASP

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• Circumferential clasp / C-Clasp / 3/4th
Clasp.
• It uses the bucco-cervical undercut.
• 2nd molars and canines.
• Single retention arm.
• 1mm wire used in molars.

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Advantages
• Good retention.
• Easy to fabricate.
• Single occlusal crossover wire.
• Easy to replace.

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Disadvantages
• Not on semi-erupted tooth.
• Decalcification of cervical margin.
• Gingival irritation.
• Plaque accumulation enhanced.
• Easily distort.

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JACKSONS
CLASP
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• V.H. Jackson 1906
• Jacksons Clasp / Full Clasp / U Clasp.
• Both bucco-cervical and proximal
undercuts.
• 0.7mm to 1mm.

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Advantages
• Simple design
• Adequate retention.

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Disadvantages
• Not useful in partially erupted teeth.
• Difficult to adjust.
• Not on unfavourably inclined tooth.

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SOUTHEND
CLASP
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• Most common for anterior
anchorage.
• Single arrowhead between Central
Incisors with wire following the
gingival margin.

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Advantages
• Unobtrusive.
• Good retention.
• Even be used if Incisors are
proclined.

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TRIANGULAR
CLASP

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• Also called as MODIFIED
ZIMMER CLASP.
• Excellent retention by the single
arrowhead in the interproximal
area.
• Free end towards distal to
facilitate the engagement of
elastics.
• 0.7mm wire
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Advantages
• Excellent retention.
• Pre fabricated available.
• Elastics can be engaged.

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Disadvantages
• Not useful if adjacent tooth is
absent.
• Used as secondary / additional
retention.

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BALL END
CLASP
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• Action and location similar to
triangular clasp.
• Pre fabricated available. Can be
made by adding solder to end of a
wire.

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Advantages
• Single occlusal interference.
• Less gingival irritation.
• Easy to replace.

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Disadvantages
• Short arm makes adjustment
difficult.
• Cannot be used for primary
retention.
• Cannot be used in absence of
adjacent tooth.

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SCHWARZ
CLASP
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• Also called as ARROWHEAD CLASP.
• A.M. Schwarz 1935.
• Mesial and distal undercuts of the
teeth.

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Advantages
• Reliable retention.
• Does not interfere in posterior
occlusion.
• More length of wire hence more
flexible.
• More easy to adjust.
• Enhances eruption.

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Disadvantages
• Difficult to fabricate.
• Needs special plier.
• Irritates soft tissue.
• Tends to separate teeth.
• Is bulky hence less patient
compliance.

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CROZAT
CLASP
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• Crozat in 1920
• Along with the u clasp another
curved wire is soldered on the base
(Crescent).
• Strong retention is possible

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ADAMS
CLASP
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• Adams clasp / modified arrowhead clasp /
liverpool clasp / universal clasp.
• C. PHILIPS ADAMS in May 1950.
• Most widely used clasp.
• Distobuccal and mesiobuccal undercuts.
• Does not separate teeth like a arrowhead clasp.
• 0.7mm posteriors
0.6mm anteriors.
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Parts
BRIDGE
2

ARROWHEADS
2 TAG ARMS

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BRIDGE
• Is 2/3rd the mesio-distal width of the
tooth, or slightly less then the
distance between mesiobuccal and
distobuccal undercuts, or length
should be equal to the intercuspal
distance.
• Is 1-2mm away from the buccal
surface of the tooth.
• Is at 45o to the buccal surface of the
tooth.
• Should be straight.

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Arrowheads
• They should lie in the disto and
mesio buccal undercuts.
• Shaped according to the curve of
the gum margins into the
interdental papilla.
• Long enough to keep the bridge
at a proper distance.
• Should not touch the adjacent
teeth

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Tag arms
• Closely fitted to the contact
points, down to the interdental
embrassure.
• Space between the tag arms and
palate for flow of acrylic.
• No sharp bends.

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FABRICATION

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Advantages
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Small,neat and unobtrusive.
Any tooth.
Both deciduous and permanent dentition.
Even on semi erupted tooth.
No specialized pliers required.
Can be modified as needed.
No. of modifications are available.

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Disadvantages
• Unwanted palatal tipping if gets activated.
• May lead to elongation of tooth if is fitting
tightly.
• Can be repaired only if fractured through
the arrowheads.
• Cannot be given on proclined anteriors.

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MODIFICATIONS

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Anterior Adams
• 0.6mm
• Also called double clasp.

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With distal extension/ traction
hook
• To engage elastics
• Not given if sulcus is shallow.

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With eyelet

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With a soldered hook

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With a soldered tube

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With a single arrowhead

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With accessory arrowhead

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Smart clasp

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• It is used in magnetic activator
devices
• Wire used 0.7mm
• Bend 2mm loop on each side along
with arrow head
• It can be modified to double clasp on
premolars and molars for extraoral
traction
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ADVANTAGES
• Coils of the smart clasp increases
spring back property.
• Reduces frequent tightening.
• Can be used with any type of
removable appliances like bite
blocks, palatal expanders.

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Delta clasp

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• William J. Clark
• Used in twin block appliances
• Retentive loops were triangular in
shape hence the name “Delta”
• Retains the basic elements of Adams
clasp like retentive loops and a
buccal bridge
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ADVANTAGES
• Design of the closed loop does not
open up with repeated removal.
• Less subject to breakage.
• Provides excellent retention on lower
premolars.
• Suitable for use on most posterior
teeth.
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Thank you
Leader in continuing dental education


Clasps /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

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